La Sociedad

In 1900 Celedonio Mondragon and several other San Luis valley residents formed the Sociedad Protección Mútua de Trabajadores Unidos (SPMDTU) to help prevent the usurpation of Hispanic land ownership and to combat discrimination against wage laborers. The SPMDTU rapidly grew into a tri-state organization with sixty-five local concilios (lodges) in New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. Hispanic mutual aid societies proliferated at the turn of the twentieth century, providing such services as religious aid, burial funding, low-cost insurance, and fraternal support.

Foreword	p. vii
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Themes of the Book	p. 3
The Bonds of Solidarity	p. 5
Immigrant Societies in the United States	p. 7
Mutualism in the Hispanic Southwest	p. 8
A Cultural and Economic History of the Upper Río Grande	p. 19
Community Land Grants	p. 22
Competition for Natural Resources	p. 26
Land Struggles and Resistance	p. 34
The Culture of Mutual Help	p. 39
The Rise and Expansion of La Sociedad	p. 45
The Founders and Early Constitutions	p. 46
Mutual Aid Benefits and Acts of Charity	p. 55
Superior Hall, Local Council Halls	p. 61
Hardships of the Great Depression	p. 68
Women's Auxiliaries	p. 70
Life Insurance Programs	p. 78
Challenges in the New Century	p. 83
Centennial Anniversary	p. 87
Restoration of the Superior Council Meeting Hall	p. 92
General Conventions 2006 and 2008	p. 93
Conclusions and the Future	p. 99
Cultural Endurance	p. 101
New Directions	p. 104
Selected Oral Histories	p. 111
Memories of the Founder	p. 111
Values of the Society	p. 113
The Women's Auxiliaries and Grandfather Ortiz	p. 115
The Story of Manuel Jesús Trujillo	p. 117
Multigenerational SPMDTU Family	p. 118
From the Nambé Council to the State Legislature	p. 120
Records and Documents	p. 123
Oración de Apertura (Opening Prayer)	p. 123
Oración de Clausura (Closing Prayer)	p. 124
SPMDTU Preámbulo (Preamble) of 1911	p. 124
Beneficios de Funeral (Funeral Benefits and Services) 1922	p. 127
Ceremonia de Difuntos (Ceremony for the Deceased)	p. 130
Minutes of Superior Council Special Meeting 1917	p. 132
Petition to Indigence Fund 1923: San Miguel Council No. 10	p. 133
Treasurer's Ledger 1931: Arroyo Seco Council No. 42	p. 134
Carta Circular (Circular Letter) 1970: Ogden Council No. 61	p. 136
Himno Oficial (Official Hymn) of the SPMDTU	p. 137
Constitución y Reglamento (Constitution and Regulations) of La Sociedad AMB 1937, Revised 1964	p. 139
Himno Oficial (Official Hymn) of La Sociedad AMB	p. 143
Himno Oficial (Official Hymn) of La Sociedad Femenil de Protección	p. 144
Cántico Nacional (National Song) of La Sociedad Protectora Cooperativa	p. 147
SPMDTU Superior Presidents	p. 149
Geography of Local Councils	p. 151
Notes	p. 153
Glossary	p. 175
Bibliography	p. 181
Index	p. 187
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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