Lenition and Contrast: The Functional Consequences of Certain Phonetically Conditioned Sound Changes

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ISBN: 9780415970990 | 0415970997
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/9/2004

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This book analyzes 153 languages from a large variety of families to establish a previously unexplored relationship between phonetically conditioned sound changes such as lenitions and functional (meaning maintenance related) considerations. Carefully collecting numerous inventories of consonants, this collection is likely to become an important resource for future linguistics research. By distinguishing between phonetic and phonological neutralization, and showing that the first does not necessarily result in the second, Naomi Gurevich uncovers previously unexplored and often surprising trends in the relationship between phonetics and phonology.

1. Introduction

(12)

1.1. Study Overview

(2)

1.1.1. Collection of Data

(2)

1.2. State of the Field

(6)

1.2.1. Jacobs and Wetzels (1988), Jacobs (1994)

(1)

1.2.2. Silverman (2000)

(1)

1.2.3. Hualde (2000)

(1)

1.2.4. Hyman (1999)

(1)

1.2.5. Kirchner (1998)

(1)

1.2.6. Markedness-Based Theories

(1)

1.2.7. Ongoing Issues

(1)

1.3. Structure of the Book

(1)

2. Investigation of Phonetically Conditioned Sound Changes

(40)

2.1. Methods

(12)

2.1.1. Grammar Sources

(1)

2.1.2. Explanation of Changes to Data

(2)

2.1.3. Language Analyses

(9)

2.1.3.1. Summary of Essential Information

(5)

2.1.3.2. Consonant Inventories

(3)

2.1.3.3. Descriptions

(1)

2.1.3.4. Discussions

(1)

2.1.3.5. Additional Comments

(1)

2.1.3.6. Notes on Differences from Kirchner's List

(1)

2.2. Results

(7)

2.2.1. Overall Results

(2)

2.2.2. Phyla Representation

(2)

2.2.3. Distribution by Process Type

(3)

2.3. Discussion

(21)

2.3.1. The Nature of Neutralizing Processes in the Corpus

(3)

2.3.1.1. Voicing Assimilation and Pre-Consonantal Position

(2)

2.3.1.2. Extent of Neutralization

(1)

2.3.2. The Nature of Non-Neutralizing Processes in the Corpus

(15)

2.3.2.1. Types of Processes that are Never Neutralizing

(7)

2.3.2.2. The Case of Spirantization

(5)

2.3.2.3. Meaning Distinction Maintaining Strategies

(3)

2.3.3. Result Summary

(3)

3. Languages

(224)

3.1. Amele (Haia)

(2)

3.2. Ancient Greek (Classical Attic)

(1)

3.3. Ao (Chungli)

(1)

3.4. Apalai

(1)

3.5. Apatani

(1)

3.6. Arabic (Egyptian)

(1)

3.7. Arabic (SaSi:di Egyptian)

(1)

3.8. Arbore

(2)

3.9. Assamese

(2)

3.10. Babine

(2)

3.11. Badimaya

(2)

3.12. Balti (Purki)

(1)

3.13. Bashkir

(2)

3.14. Basque (Souletin)

(1)

3.15. Blackfoot

(1)

3.16. Bontoc

(1)

3.17. Bulgarian

(3)

3.18. Canela-Krahô

(2)

3.19. Car Nicobarese

(1)

3.20. Catalan (Eastern)

(2)

3.21. Cuna

(1)

3.22. Dahalo

(1)

3.23. Djabugay

(2)

3.24. Efik (Calabar-Creek)

(2)

3.25. English (American)

(1)

3.26. English (British)

(1)

3.27. English (Cardiff)

(1)

3.28. English (Cockney)

(1)

3.29. English (Liverpool)

(1)

3.30. English (London, Leeds & Fife)

(1)

3.31. English (New Zealand)

(1)

3.32. Estonian (Southern)

(1)

3.33. Faroese

(2)

3.34. Finnish

(1)

3.35. French (Périgourdin)

(2)

3.36. Gbepsilonya

101

(1)

3.37. Georgian

102

(1)

3.38. Gitksan

103

(1)

3.39. Gojri

104

(2)

3.40. Gooniyandi

106

(1)

3.41. Gothic

107

(1)

3.42. Greenlandic (West)

108

(1)

3.43. Guayabero

109

(1)

3.44. Gujarati

110

(2)

3.45. Haitian Creole

112

(2)

3.46. Hebrew (Tiberian)

114

(1)

3.47. Icelandic

115

(2)

3.48. Italian (Southern)

117

(1)

3.49. Kabardian (Terek)

118

(1)

3.50. Kagate

119

(2)

3.51. Kaliai-Kove (Kandoka-Lusi)

121

(1)

3.52. Kanakuru

122

(2)

3.53. Kannada

124

(1)

3.54. Kanuri

125

(2)

3.55. Karao

127

(1)

3.56. Kashmiri

128

(1)

3.57. Kirghiz

129

(1)

3.58. Korean

130

(1)

3.59. Kuna (Paya)

131

(2)

3.60. Kupia (Sujanakota)

133

(2)

3.61. Ladakhi (Central)

135

(1)

3.62. Lahaul (Pattani)

136

(3)

3.63. Lama

139

(1)

3.64. Lamani

140

(1)

3.65. Laotian (Vientiane)

141

(2)

3.66. Lezgian

143

(2)

3.67. Limbu (Phedappe)

145

(2)

3.68. Lotha

147

(1)

3.69. Lowland Murut (Timugon: Poros)

148

(1)

3.70. Macushi

149

(2)

3.71. Maidu

151

(2)

3.72. Malayalam

153

(1)

3.73. Manobo (Ata)

154

(1)

3.74. Maori

155

(1)

3.75. Marathi (Halabi)

156

(2)

3.76. Mataco (Noctenes)

158

(2)

3.77. Maxakali

160

(1)

3.78. Mbabaram

161

(1)

3.79. Middle Chinese

162

(1)

3.80. Middle Korean

163

(1)

3.81. Modern Irish

164

(1)

3.82. Moghamo (Batibo)

165

(1)

3.83. Mohawk (Akwesasne)

166

(1)

3.84. Mongolian (Kalkha)

167

(2)

3.85. Navajo

169

(1)

3.86. Nepali

170

(4)

3.87. Newari

174

(1)

3.88. Nez Perce

175

(2)

3.89. Nkore-Kiga

177

(1)

3.90. Northern Corsican

178

(2)

3.91. Numic

180

(1)

3.92. Nyawaygi

181

(2)

3.93. Páez

183

(1)

3.94. Panyjima (Mijaranypa)

184

(1)

3.95. Pawnee (South Band & Skiri)

185

(2)

3.96. Pipil (Cuisnahuat)

187

(1)

3.97. Proto-Ainu

188

(2)

3.98. Proto-Bantu

190

(1)

3.99. Proto-Germanic

191

(1)

3.100. Ptolemaic Greek

192

(1)

3.101. Punjabi

192

(2)

3.102. Purki

194

(2)

3.103. Quechua

196

(1)

3.104. Russian

197

(1)

3.105. Saek

198

(2)

3.106. Sanuma

200

(2)

3.107. Sawai

202

(1)

3.108. Sekani

203

(2)

3.109. Senoufo

205

(1)

3.110. Serbo-Croatian

206

(1)

3.111. Shapsug (Düzce)

207

(2)

3.112. Shina

209

(1)

3.113. Shoshone (Tümpisa)

210

(5)

3.114. Somali

215

(1)

3.115. Sotho (Southern)

216

(2)

3.116. Southern Tati (Chali)

218

(1)

3.117. Southern Tati (Eshtehardi)

219

(2)

3.118. Southern Tati (Takestani)

221

(1)

3.119. Southern Tati (Xiaraji)

222

(1)

3.120. Spanish (Andalusian)

223

(1)

3.121. Spanish (Mexico City)

224

(2)

3.122. Tahltan (Iskut)

226

(1)

3.123. Taiwanese

227

(2)

3.124. Tamazight Berber (Ayt Ayache)

229

(1)

3.125. Tamazight Berber (Ayt Ndhir)

230

(2)

3.126. Tamazight Berber (Ayt Seghrouchen)

232

(1)

3.127. Tamil

233

(1)

3.128. Tatar

234

(2)

3.129. Tfuya

236

(3)

3.130. Thai

239

(1)

3.131. Tharu (Chitwan)

240

(2)

3.132. Tigrinya

242

(1)

3.133. Toba Batak

243

(1)

3.134. Tojolabal

244

(3)

3.135. Totonac (Misantla)

247

(1)

3.136. Tsou (Tfuya)

248

(1)

3.137. Turkana

249

(2)

3.138. Turkish

251

(2)

3.139. Tzeltal

253

(1)

3.140. Uradhi (all dialects)

254

(1)

3.141. Urdu

255

(3)

3.142. Urubu-Kaapor

258

(1)

3.143. Uyghur

259

(3)

3.144. Uzbek

262

(1)

3.145. Vietnamese (Vinh)

263

(2)

3.146. Warndarang

265

(2)

3.147. West Tarangan

267

(1)

3.148. Wiyot

268

(1)

3.149. Yakut

269

(3)

3.150. Yana

272

(1)

3.151. Yindjibarndi

273

(2)

3.152. Yolngu (Djapu)

275

(2)

3.153. Yuman

277

(2)

4. Implications

279

(2)

5. Bibliography

281

(20)

6. Result Summary

301

(12)

7. Glossary

313

(2)

8. Index

315

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Lenition and Contrast: The Functional Consequences of Certain Phonetically Conditioned Sound Changes

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials