Lens Design Fundamentals

Thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the substantial changes in the field since the first editions publication in 1978

Rudolf Kingslake (1903-2003) was a founding faculty member of The Institute of Optics at The University of Rochester in 1929 and taught there until 1983. Concurrently, he became bead on of the lens design department at Eastman Kodak in 1937 until his retirement in 1969. Dr. Kingslake published numerous papers, books, and was awarded many patents. He was Fellow of SPIE and OSA, and an OSA president (1947-1948). He was awarded the Progress Medal from SMPTE (1978), the Frederic Ives Medal (1973), and the Gold Medal of SPIE (1980). R. Barry Johnson has been involved for more than 40 years in lens design, optical systems design, and electro-optical systems engineering. He has been a faculty member at three academic institutions engaged in optics education research, cofounded the Center for Applied Optics at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, was an employee of number of companies, and provided consulting services. Dr. Johnson is an SPIE Fellow and Life Member, OSA Fellow, and an SPIE president (1987). He has published numerous papers and been awarded many patents. Dr. Johnson is founder and chairman (1988-2002) of the SPIE Lens Design working Group, is an active Program Committee member of the International Optical Design Conference, and acts as the perennial cochair of the annual SPIE Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering Conference.

Preface to the Second Edition	p. ix
Preface to the First Edition	p. xiii
A Special Tribute to Rudolf Kingslake	p. xv
The Work of the Lens Designer	p. 1
Relations Between Designer and Factory	p. 2
The Design Procedure	p. 8
Optical Materials	p. 11
Interpolation of Refractive Indices	p. 16
Lens Types to be Considered	p. 20
Meridional Ray Tracing	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Graphical Ray Tracing	p. 30
Trigonometrical Ray Tracing at a Spherical Surface	p. 32
Some Useful Relations	p. 37
Cemented Doublet Objective	p. 41
Ray Tracing at a Tilted Surface	p. 42
Ray Tracing at an Aspheric Surface	p. 45
Paraxial Rays and First-Order Optics	p. 51
Tracing a Paraxial Ray	p. 52
Magnification and the Lagrange Theorem	p. 63
The Gaussian Optics of a Lens System	p. 67
First-Order Layout of an Optical System	p. 78
Thin-Lens Layout of Zoom Systems	p. 87
Aberration Theory	p. 101
Introduction	p. 101
Symmetrical Optical Systems	p. 101
Aberration Determination Using Ray Trace Data	p. 114
Calculation of Seidel Aberration Coefficients	p. 128
Chromatic Aberration	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Spherochromatism of a Cemented Doublet	p. 139
Contribution of a Single Surface to the Primary Chromatic Aberration	p. 143
Contribution of a Thin Element in a System to the Paraxial Chromatic Aberration	p. 145
Paraxial Secondary Spectrum	p. 149
Predesign of a Thin Three-Lens Apochromat	p. 152
The Separated Thin-Lens Achromatic (Dialyte)	p. 156
Chromatic Aberration Tolerances	p. 162
Chromatic Aberration at Finite Aperture	p. 163
Spherical Aberration	p. 173
Surface Contribution Formulas	p. 176
Zonal Spherical Aberration	p. 194
Primary Spherical Aberration	p. 197
The Image Displacement Caused by a Plano parallel Plate	p. 204
Spherical Aberration Tolerances	p. 206
Design of a Spherically Corrected Achromat	p. 209
The Four-Ray Method	p. 209
A Thin-Lens Predesign	p. 211
Correction of Zonal Spherical Aberration	p. 216
Design of an Apochromatic Objective	p. 220
Oblique Beams	p. 227
Passage of an Oblique Beam through a Spherical Surface	p. 227
Tracing Oblique Meridional Rays	p. 234
Tracing a Skew Ray	p. 238
Graphical Representation of Skew-Ray Aberrations	p. 243
Ray Distribution from a Single Zone of a Lens	p. 252
Coma and the Sine Condition	p. 255
The Optical Sine Theorem	p. 255
The Abbe Sine Condition	p. 256
Offense Against the Sine Condition	p. 258
Illustration of Comatic Error	p. 266
Design of Aplanatic Objectives	p. 269
Broken-Contact Type	p. 269
Parallel Air-Space Type	p. 272
An Aplanatic Cemented Doublet	p. 275
A Triple Cemented Aplanat	p. 277
An Aplanat with a Buried Achromatizing Surface	p. 280
The Matching Principle	p. 283
The Oblique Aberrations	p. 289
Astigmatism and the Coddington Equations	p. 289
The Petzval Theorem	p. 297
Illustration of Astigmatic Error	p. 306
Distortion	p. 306
Lateral Color	p. 313
The Symmetrical Principle	p. 316
Computation of the Seidel Aberrations	p. 318
Lenses in Which Stop Position Is a Degree of Freedom	p. 323
The H′ - L Plot	p. 323
Simple Landscape Lenses	p. 325
A Periscopic Lens	p. 331
Achromatic Landscape Lenses	p. 334
Achromatic Double Lenses	p. 339
Symmetrical Double Anastigmats with Fixed Stop	p. 351
The Design of a Dagor Lens	p. 351
The Design of an Air-Spaced Dialyte Lens	p. 355
A Double-Gauss-Type Lens	p. 363
Double-Gauss Lens with Cemented Triplets	p. 369
Double-Gauss Lens with Air-spaced Negative Doublets	p. 373
Unsymmetrical Photographic Objectives	p. 379
The Petzval Portrait Lens	p. 379
The Design of a Telephoto Lens	p. 388
Lenses to Change Magnification	p. 397
The Protar Lens	p. 400
Design of a Tessar Lens	p. 409
The Cooke Triplet Lens	p. 419
Mirror and Catadioptric Systems	p. 439
Comparison of Mirrors and Lenses	p. 439
Ray Tracing a Mirror System	p. 440
Single-Mirror Systems	p. 442
Single-Mirror Catadioptric Systems	p. 447
Two-Mirror Systems	p. 471
Multiple-Mirror Zoom Systems	p. 482
Summary	p. 497
Eyepiece Design	p. 501
Design of a Military-Type Eyepiece	p. 502
Design of an Erfle Eyepiece	p. 506
Design of a Galilean Viewfinder	p. 510
Automatic Lens Improvement Programs	p. 513
Finding a Lens Design Solution	p. 514
Optimization Principles	p. 518
Weights and Balancing Aberrations	p. 522
Control of Boundary Conditions	p. 523
Tolerances	p. 524
Program Limitations	p. 525
Lens Design Computing Development	p. 525
Programs and Books Useful for Automatic Lens Design	p. 529
Appendix: A Selected Bibliography of Writings	p. 535
Index	p. 537
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Lens Design Fundamentals

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