Literacy's Beginnings : Supporting Young Readers and Writers

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ISBN: 9780205299317 | 0205299318
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/1/1999

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This book offers an integrated, developmental approach to differentiating reading and writing instruction for children, birth to age 8. "Literacy's Beginnings" offers an integrated approach to reading and writing instruction keyed to the "five" typical developmental stages through which most children pass (the IRA/NAEYC phases of literacy). "Current and future teachers of children from birth to age 8"

Preface

Understanding Children's Literacy Development

(30)

Key Concepts

(1)

Language Development

(5)

Schemas and Learning

(2)

The Relation between Language and Learning

(3)

Literacy Development

(2)

A Piagetian Approach

(1)

A Vygotskian Approach

(2)

Children's Concepts about Written Language

(4)

Ted's Delight: Two Children's Reading and Writing

(2)

Ted's and Carrie's Concepts about Written Language

(1)

Learning in Social and Cultural Contexts

(1)

Concepts about Written Language: Functions, Meanings, Forms, and Meaning-Form Links

(1)

Written and Spoken Language Functions

(2)

Written and Spoken Language Meanings

(1)

Semantics in Spoken Language

(1)

Meaning in Written Language

(1)

Written Language Forms

(5)

Syntax in Spoken Language

(1)

Forms in Written Language

(4)

Meaning-Form Links

(3)

Phonological System in Spoken Language

(1)

Meaning-Form Links, in Written Language

(2)

Developmental Changes in Children's Reading and Writing

(3)

Logographic Reading and Writing

(1)

Alphabetic Reading and Writing

(2)

Orthographic Reading and Writing

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Applying the Information

(1)

Going Beyond the Text

(1)

References

(2)

From Birth to Three Years: Literacy Beginners

(24)

Key Concepts

(1)

What Literacy Beginners Show Us

(7)

``Let's Read, Daddy'': Experiences with Books and Other Familiar Print

(1)

Concepts about Literacy from Early Book Experiences

(2)

``Look at All These Raindrops'': Experiences with Crayons and Markers

(2)

Concepts about Literacy from Early Writing Experiences

(2)

Home Influences on Literacy Learning

(9)

Booksharing

(6)

Environmental Print

(1)

Oral Language Interactions

(1)

Differences in Home Literacy and Language Interactions

(1)

Implications for Child Care and Nursery School

(2)

Developmentally Appropriate Practice

(1)

Literacy Materials

(1)

Responding to Children's Literacy Activities

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Applying the Information

(2)

Going Beyond the Text

(1)

References

(3)

From Three to Five Years: Novice Readers and Writers

(28)

Key Concepts

(1)

Who Are Novice Readers and Writers?

(3)

New Insights about Communicating with Written Language

(1)

Examples of Novices

(2)

Repertoire of Knowledges

(1)

Meaning

(6)

Constructing the Meaning of Environmental Print

(1)

Constructing Meaning While Listening to Story and Information Book Read Alouds

(3)

Writing Meaningful Messages

(2)

Written Language Forms

(6)

Alphabet Letters

(1)

Signatures

(2)

Texts

(3)

Meaning-Form Links

(4)

Contextual Dependency

(1)

Matching Print to Spoken Language: More Than Contextual Dependency

(1)

Drawing and Writing

(2)

Phonological Awareness

(1)

Written Language Functions

(2)

A Word of Caution

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Applying the Information

(2)

Going Beyond the Text

(1)

References

(3)

From Five to Seven Years: Experimenting Readers and Writers

(27)

Key Concepts

(1)

Who Are Experimenters?

(3)

Experimenters' New Awareness

(2)

Examples of Experimenters

(1)

Experimenting with Meaning

(1)

Experimenting with Forms

(7)

Concept of Word

(1)

Concept of Word Boundaries

(1)

Texts

(5)

Experimenting with Meaning-Form Links

(10)

Sounding Literate

(3)

Being Precise

(1)

Using Sound--Letter Relationships

(5)

Experimenting with Functions of Written Language

104

(1)

A Word of Caution

104

(1)

Chapter Summary

105

(1)

Applying the Information

106

(1)

Going Beyond the Text

107

(1)

References

107

(3)

From Six to Eight Years: Conventional Readers and Writers

110

(29)

Key Concepts

111

(1)

Who Are Conventional Readers and Writers?

111

(3)

Examples: Experimenters versus Conventional Readers and Writers

112

(2)

Meaning Construction

114

(3)

Meaning Making in Reading: Constructing Interpretations of Literature

114

(2)

Meaning Making in Writing

116

(1)

Written Language Forms

117

(11)

Concept of Word

118

(1)

Story Form

118

(4)

Expository Text

122

(6)

Meaning-Form Links

128

(5)

Spelling

128

(5)

Functions

133

(1)

The Traditional End Points: Reading and Word Identification, Vocabulary, and Comprehension

133

(1)

Chapter Summary

134

(2)

Applying the Information

136

(1)

Going Beyond the Text

136

(1)

References

136

(3)

Literacy-Rich Classrooms

139

(32)

Key Concepts

140

(1)

Developmentally Appropriate Practice

140

(2)

Characteristics of Literacy-Rich Classrooms

142

(1)

Learners

142

(1)

The Classroom

142

(1)

Literacy Materials

143

(5)

Materials

143

(1)

The Case for Quality Literature

144

(1)

Classroom Literature Collection

144

(4)

Physical Arrangement of Classrooms

148

(4)

The Case for Library, Writing, and Computer Centers

148

(1)

Library Center

148

(1)

Writing Center

149

(1)

Computer Center

149

(3)

Literacy Routines

152

(4)

The Case for Classroom Routines

152

(1)

Reading Aloud and Telling Stories

153

(2)

Independent Reading and Writing

155

(1)

Sharing Response-to-Literature Activities

155

(1)

Culturally Sensitive and Integrated Curriculum

156

(3)

The Case for Culturally Sensitive and Integrated Curriculum

156

(1)

Culturally Sensitive Curriculum

157

(1)

Literature Theme Units

158

(1)

Integrated Content Units

158

(1)

Assessment, Instruction, and Grouping

159

(4)

The Case for a Variety of Instruction

160

(1)

The Case for Multiple Grouping Patterns

161

(1)

Instructional Framework

161

(2)

Chapter Summary

163

(1)

Applying the Information

164

(2)

Going Beyond the Text

166

(1)

References

166

(5)

Supporting Literacy Learning in Preschools

171

(32)

Key Concepts

172

(1)

The Preschool Context

172

(3)

What Preschoolers Learn about Literacy

172

(1)

The Preschool Setting: Space and Materials

173

(2)

Reading and Writing in Mrs. Miller's Preschool Classroom

175

(3)

Children at Play

175

(2)

The Teacher at Work: Mrs. Miller's Role

177

(1)

Preparing for Phonemic Awareness

178

(5)

The ``I Can Hear'' Activity

179

(2)

Making Rhymes

181

(2)

Preparing for Literary Awareness, Story Concepts, and Concepts of Print

183

(3)

Literary Awareness

183

(1)

Story Concepts

184

(1)

Concepts of Print

184

(2)

Preschool Experiences with Book Reading

186

(4)

Shared Reading in Miss Leslie's Classroom

187

(2)

Miss Leslie's Roles in an Interactive Read Aloud

189

(1)

Preschool Experiences with Writing

190

(6)

The Preschool Writing Center

191

(1)

The Sign-In Procedure

192

(1)

Shared Writing

192

(1)

Story Writing

193

(2)

The Teacher's Role in Writing Activities: Using Written Language Talk

195

(1)

Preschool Experiences with Play

196

(3)

Dramatic-Play-with-Print Centers

196

(2)

Storytelling and Playing

198

(1)

The Teacher's Role in Play: Letting Children Take the Lead

199

(1)

Another Look: The Teacher's Roles

199

(1)

Chapter Summary

200

(1)

Applying the Information

200

(1)

Going Beyond the Text

201

(1)

References

201

(2)

Supporting Literacy Learning in Kindergarten

203

(36)

Key Concepts

204

(1)

The Kindergarten Context: What's New Here?

204

(4)

What Kindergartners Learn about Literacy

204

(1)

The Teacher's Role

205

(1)

The Kindergarten Setting: Space and Materials

206

(2)

Writing and Reading in Mrs. Poremba's Kindergarten

208

(3)

Kindergartners as Researchers

209

(1)

The Teacher as Guide: Mrs. Poremba Guides Reading and Discussion

209

(2)

Helping Children Attend to Sounds in Words

211

(8)

The ``What Can You Show Us?'' Activity

212

(4)

Returning to ``Rounding Up the Rhymes''

216

(3)

Kindergarten Experiences with Reading

219

(7)

Using Classroom Print

219

(1)

Shared Reading

220

(3)

Shared Reading with Big Books

223

(3)

Kindergarten Experiences with Writing

226

(6)

Journal Writing

226

(2)

The Extended Sign-In Procedure

228

(1)

Shared Writing

229

(3)

Kindergarten Experiences with Play

232

(3)

Dramatic-Play-with-Print Centers

232

(2)

Dramatizing Informational Books

234

(1)

Another Look: The Teacher's Roles

235

(1)

Chapter Summary

236

(1)

Applying the Information

237

(1)

Going Beyond the Text

237

(1)

References

237

(2)

Supporting Literacy Learning in First Grade

239

(36)

Key Concepts

240

(1)

What's New Here?

240

(4)

Learning to Read Conventionally

241

(2)

Balanced First Grade Reading and Writing Programs

243

(1)

Basal Approaches to First Grade Reading Instruction

244

(11)

Reading in Mrs. Walker's First Grade

247

(8)

Guided Reading Approach to First Grade Reading

255

(11)

Characteristics of Guided Reading

256

(1)

Guided Reading Instruction in Mrs. Tran's First Grade

256

(10)

Writing Instruction in First Grade

266

(6)

Journal Writing

266

(1)

Writing Workshop

267

(5)

Chapter Summary

272

(1)

Applying the Information

273

(1)

Going Beyond the Text

273

(1)

References

273

(2)

Supporting Literacy Learning Beyond First Grade

275

(33)

Key Concepts

276

(1)

What's New Here?

276

(2)

Increasing Expectations for Traditional Skills and Child-Centered Classrooms

276

(1)

New Competence

277

(1)

A Balanced Reading and Writing Program

277

(1)

Using Writing and Reading Workshop

278

(5)

Writing Workshop

278

(4)

Reading Workshop

282

(1)

Reading and Writing Narratives

283

(10)

Core Literature Approach

283

(2)

Expanding Comprehension and Interpretation

285

(8)

Reading and Writing Poetry

293

(2)

Enjoying Poetry

293

(2)

Poetic Elements

295

(1)

Reading and Writing Informational Text

295

(5)

Comprehension of Informational Books

295

(1)

Content Units

296

(2)

Writing Informational Texts

298

(1)

Content-Specific Vocabulary

299

(1)

Learning Conventions

300

(4)

Word Study

301

(1)

Spelling Programs

302

(2)

Chapter Summary

304

(1)

Applying the Information

304

(1)

Going Beyond the Text

304

(1)

References

305

(3)

Diverse Learners

308

(31)

Key Concepts

309

(1)

Learners at Risk

309

(4)

Using Observations to Modify Instruction

309

(4)

Literacy-Intervention Programs for At-Risk Learners At-Risk Revisited

313

(1)

Special-Needs Learners

313

(2)

Supporting Special-Needs Children's Literacy

313

(2)

Avoiding Reductionist Teaching

315

(1)

Learners from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds

315

(8)

Cultural Influences on Learning

316

(1)

Culturally Responsive Instruction

316

(3)

Culturally Sensitive Instruction: A Summary

319

(1)

Culturally Sensitive Instruction in Multicultural Settings

319

(4)

Children from Diverse Language Backgrounds

323

(10)

Learners Who Speak Nonmainstream Dialects of English

323

(5)

Learners Who Speak English as a Second Language

328

(4)

Issues Related to Teaching Children from Diverse Backgrounds

332

(1)

Chapter Summary

333

(1)

Applying the Information

334

(1)

Going Beyond the Text

335

(1)

References

335

(4)

Assessment

339

(34)

Key Concepts

340

(1)

A Day in Kindergarten

340

(5)

A Day in Ms. Orlando's Classroom

340

(4)

Ms. Orlando Reflects and Plans

344

(1)

Classroom Assessment

345

(4)

Portfolio Assessment Is Multidimensional

346

(1)

Portfolio Assessment Is Reflective

347

(1)

Portfolio Assessment Is Systematic

347

(2)

Portfolio Assessment Is Collaborative

349

(1)

Assessment Tools

349

(15)

Observations

349

(1)

Alphabet Recognition Task

350

(1)

Concepts-about-Print Task

350

(1)

Phonemic Awareness Assessment

351

(1)

Emergent Reading Checklist

351

(1)

Running Record

351

(5)

Retellings

356

(1)

Grand Conversations and Response Journals

357

(3)

Compositions

360

(4)

Using Portfolios

364

(3)

Using Portfolios to Make Instructional Decision

364

(1)

Using Portfolios to Support Children's Reflections

365

(1)

Using Portfolios to Inform Parents

365

(1)

Keeping Portfolios Manageable

366

(1)

Chapter Summary

367

(1)

Applying the Information

367

(3)

Going Beyond the Text

370

(1)

References

370

(3)

Appendix: Children's Literature

373

(6)

Author Index

379

(8)

Subject Index

387

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Literacy's Beginnings : Supporting Young Readers and Writers

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials