The Literatures of Colonial America An Anthology

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ISBN: 9780631211259 | 063121125X
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Copyright: 2/14/2001

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Compiled in response to emerging transnational perspectives in American Studies, this comprehensive and imaginative anthology brings together a rich variety of works of colonial literature from across the Americas, covering the period from first contact, through to settlement and the emergence of national identities, with an emphasis on the American Revolutionary period.

Preface

xvi

Acknowledgments

xix

Part One: Exploration and Contact to 1600

(102)

Introduction

(5)

Before Columbus: Native American Cultures

(15)

The Pre-Columbian World

(2)

The Origin Myth of Acoma...

(3)

The Winnebago Trickster Cycle

(3)

The Origin of Stories (Seneca)

(2)

Pre-Columbian Literatures of the Quiche

(1)

Anonymous Quiche author (sixteenth century): Popol Vuh

(1)

Excerpts from the Mayan Chilam Balam

(3)

New World Encounters

(80)

Christopher Columbus (1451--1506)

(4)

From The Letter of Columbus on the Discovery of America...

(3)

Bartolome de Las Casas (1474--1566)

(6)

The History of the Indies

(1)

From Book I, Chapter XXXVII: On the Natural Law of God in His World...

(2)

Book I, Chapter XL: Of the Island which Lay Before Them, and its People

(2)

From Book III, Chapter LXXVIII: Of the Labors of the Indians in Cuba

(1)

Pero Vaz de Caminha (1467?--1520?)

(1)

From The Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha to King Manuel I, May 1, 1500

(1)

Giovanni da Verrazzano (1485--1528)

(2)

From The Voyage of Verrazzano, Florentine Noble in the Service of Francois I, King of France, 1524

(1)

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca (1490?--1556?)

(4)

From Chapter 12: The Indians Bring us Food

(1)

From Chapter 15: What Befell us Among the People of Mahado

(1)

From Chapter 22: The Coming of Other Sick to us the Next Day

(1)

Bernal Diaz del Castillo (1492--1581)

(22)

History of the Conquest of New Spain

(1)

From Chapter 37: Of how Dona Marina was a great lady and daughter of great lords, and mistress over towns and vassals, and how she was brought to Tabasco

(2)

From Chapter 88: Of the great and solemn Montezuma's great and solemn reception of Cortes and of all of us on our entrance into Mexico

(2)

From Chapter 89: Of how Montezuma came to our quarters with many chieftains, and the conversation he had with our Captain

(1)

From Chapter 90: Of how soon thereafter our Captain went to see the great Montezuma, and of certain conversations they had

(1)

Chapter 91: Of the manner and appearance of Montezuma

(6)

From Chapter 93: Of how we made our Church and altar in our quarters, and a cross outside our quarters, and other events, and of how we found the antechamber and chamber where Montezuma's father's treasure is kept, and how it was agreed that Montezuma should be detained

(1)

From Chapter 95: Montezuma's arrest

(2)

From Chapter 97: Of how when Montezuma was held prisoner, Cortes and all our soldiers treated him with affection, and even allowed him to go to his temples

(1)

From Chapter 107: Of Cortes and Montezuma

(1)

From Chapter 150: The Siege of Mexico

(1)

From Chapter 152: Of how the Indians took seventy-two live prisoners to be sacrificed

(1)

From Chapter 156: Guatemoc's arrest

(3)

Native Views of the Conquest of Mexico

(9)

The Omens Described by Munoz Camargo (1520)

(2)

A Macehual Arrives from the Gulf Coast

(1)

The Story of the Conquest as Told by the Anonymous Authors of Tlatelolco

(1)

The Arrival of Cortes (1519--1521)

(1)

The Massacre in the Main Temple

(1)

The Night of Sorrows

(1)

The Spaniards Return

(1)

The Tlatelolcas Are Invited to Make a Treaty

(1)

The Fighting is Renewed

(1)

Epic Description of the Beseiged City

(1)

The Message from Cortes

(1)

The City Falls

(1)

The People Flee the City

(1)

The Fall of Tenochtitlan

(1)

Flowers and Songs of Sorrow

(1)

Diego de Landa (1524?--1579)

(2)

From Account of Things in Yucatan

(1)

XV: Cruelties of the Spaniards Toward the Indians

(1)

XLI: Cycle of the Mayas. Their Writing

(1)

LII: Conclusion

(1)

Hans Staden (fl. 1550s)

(8)

From The True History of His Captivity, 1557

(1)

From Part I: The True History and Description of a Country of Savages, a Naked and Terrible People, Eaters of Men's Flesh, Who Dwell in the New World Called America...

(1)

Chapter I

(1)

From Chapter XVIII

(1)

Chapter XXII

(1)

Chapter XXIII

(1)

Chapter XXIV

(1)

Chapter XXVII

(1)

From Chapter XLII

(1)

From Chapter XLIII

(1)

From Part II: A True and Brief Account of all that I Learnt Concerning the Trade and Manners of the Tuppin Inbas, whose Captive I Was

(1)

Chapter XXIII: How They Turn the Women into Soothsayers

(1)

From Chapter XXV: Why One Enemy Eats Another

(1)

Chapter XXVIII: Of Their Manner of Killing and Eating Their Enemies. Of the Instrument with which They Kill Them and the Rites which Follow

(2)

From The Concluding Address

(1)

Manuel da Nobrega (1517--1570)

(11)

Dialogue for the Conversion of the Indians

(11)

Thomas Harriot (1560--1621)

(7)

From A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia

(1)

From The first part of Merchantable Commodities

(1)

Of the Nature and Maners of the People

(6)

Samuel de Champlain (1570?--1635)

(4)

From Voyages of Samuel de Champlain, 1604--1618

100

(1)

The Voyages of 1604--7

100

(3)

Part Two: New World Identities: Exploration and Settlement to 1700

103

(254)

Introduction

105

(8)

New Spain

113

(65)

El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1539--1616)

113

(4)

From The Florida of the Inca

114

(1)

The Inca's Dedication

114

(1)

The Inca's Preface

114

(3)

Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (1525?--1615?)

117

(15)

From Letter to a King (1613)

118

(1)

Royal Administrators

118

(3)

At Wayside Inns

121

(1)

Spaniards

122

(1)

Proprietors

123

(1)

The Fathers

124

(1)

Negroes

125

(1)

The King's Questions

126

(6)

Gaspar Perez de Villagra (1555--1620)

132

(6)

History of New Mexico, 1610

132

(1)

From Canto I: Which sets forth the outline of the history and the location of New Mexico, and the reports had of it in the traditions of the Indians, and of the true origin and descent of the Mexicans

132

(1)

Canto XXI: How Zutacapan called an assembly of the Acoma Indians and the discord there was among them, and of the treason they made

133

(3)

From Canto XXXIII: How Zutancalpo was found by his four sisters and of the end and death of Gicombo and Luzcoija

136

(2)

Francisco Nunez de Pineda y Bascunan (1607--1682)

138

(2)

The Happy Captivity...

138

(1)

From Book I, Chapter IX: The Beginning of the Captivity

138

(1)

Book III, Chapter XXXI: A Feast

139

(1)

Carlos de Siguenza y Gongora (1645--1700)

140

(6)

The Misadventures of Alonso Ramirez

140

(1)

From Chapter I: The Motives He Had for Leaving His Country. Work and Travel through New Spain; His Presence in Mexico until Leaving for the Philippines

140

(3)

From Chapter II: His Departure from Acapulco for the Philippines; the Route of this Voyage and How He Passed the Time until Captured by the English

143

(1)

From Chapter III: A Brief Summary of the Thievery and Cruelty of these Pirates on Land and Sea until Arriving in America

144

(2)

Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz (1648--1695)

146

(14)

Number 48: In Reply to a Gentleman from Peru, Who Sent Her Clay Vessels While Suggesting She Would Better Be a Man

146

(2)

Number 92: A Philosophical Satire

148

(2)

Number 94: Which Reveals the Honorable Ancestry of a High-Born Drunkard

150

(1)

Number 145: She Attempts to Minimize the Praise Occasioned by a Portrait of Herself Inscribed by Truth - Which She Calls Ardor

150

(1)

Number 146: She Laments Her Fortune, She Hints of Her Aversion to All Vice, and Justifies her Diversion with the Muses

150

(1)

Number 317: Villancico VI, from ``Santa Catarina,'' 1691

150

(1)

Number 367: Loa for the Auto sacramental The Divine Narcissus through Allegories

151

(9)

The Miraculous Apparition of the Beloved Virgin Mary, Our Lady of Guadalupe, at Tepeyacac, near Mexico City (1649)

160

(6)

History of the Miraculous Apparition

160

(6)

A Nahuatl Song to Holy Mary

166

(1)

Records of the Spanish Inquisition, New Mexico, 1664

166

(4)

Excerpts From the Trial of Bernardo de Mendizabal

167

(3)

Don Antonio de Otermin (fl. 1680)

170

(8)

Letter on the Pueblo Revolt of 1680

171

(7)

New France

178

(19)

Jerome Lalemant (1593--1673)

178

(3)

The Earthquake

178

(3)

Louis Hennepin (1626--after 1701)

181

(13)

From Description of Louisiana, Recently Discovered Southwest of New France, by order of His Majesty (1683)

182

(1)

Letter to King Louis XIV

182

(6)

From The Manners of the Indians

188

(1)

On the Fertility of the Indian Country

188

(1)

Origins of the Indians

188

(1)

Physical Condition of the Indians

189

(2)

Marriages of the Indians

191

(2)

The Obstacles to the Conversion of the Indians

193

(1)

Indifference of the Indians

193

(1)

Chretian Le Clercq (fl. 1641--1695)

194

(3)

From New Relation of Gaspesia

194

(1)

The Sun Wept in Grief

194

(1)

``I am astonished that the French have so little wit''

195

(2)

Middle Atlantic: The Chesapeake and the Indies

197

(39)

John Smith (1580--1631)

197

(8)

The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles

198

(1)

From The Third Book, The Proceedings and Accidents of the English Colony in Virginia

198

(5)

From A Description of New England

203

(2)

Richard Ligon (1585?--1662)

205

(8)

From A True and Exact History of the Islands of Barbadoes

205

(8)

George Alsop (1636?--1673?)

213

(9)

From A Character of the Province of Mary-land (1666)

214

(4)

From ``A Relation of the Customs, Manners, Absurdities, and Religion of the Susquehanock Indians in and near Mary-Land''

218

(4)

John Lederer (1644--after 1672)

222

(3)

Instructions to Such as Shall March upon Discoveries into the North American Continent (1672)

223

(1)

Touching Trade with Indians

224

(1)

Nathaniel Bacon (1647--1676)

225

(5)

Manifesto Concerning the Present Troubles in Virginia

226

(2)

The Declaration of the People

228

(2)

James Revel (after 1640s--?)

230

(6)

``The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon's Sorrowful Account of His Fourteen Years of Transportation at Virginia in America''

231

(5)

New England

236

(102)

Thomas Morton (1579?--1647?)

236

(7)

New English Canaan

237

(1)

From Book I: Containing the originall of the Natives, their manners & Customes, with their tractable nature and love towards the English

237

(1)

Chapter VII: Of their Child-bearing, and delivery, and what manner of persons they are

237

(1)

Chapter XVI: Of their acknowledgment of the Creation, and immortality of the Soule

238

(1)

Chapter XX: That the Salvages live a contented life

238

(2)

From Book II: A Description of the Beauty of the Country

240

(1)

Chapter I: The General Survey of the Country

240

(1)

From Book III: Containing a description of the People that are planted there, what remarkable Accidents have happened there since they were setled, what Tenents they hould, together with the practice of their Church.

240

(1)

Chapter XIV: Of the Revells of New Canaan.

240

(2)

Chapter XVI: How the 9 worthies put mine Host of Ma-re Mount in to the inchaunted Castle at Plimmouth, and terrified him with the Monster Briareus

242

(1)

John Winthrop (1588--1649)

243

(13)

From ``A Modell of Christian Charity''

244

(6)

From Winthrop's Journal: History of New England, 1630--1649

250

(6)

William Bradford (1590--1657)

256

(11)

Of Plymouth Plantation: 1620--1647

257

(1)

From Book I, Chapter IX: Of their Voyage, and how they Passed the Sea; and of their Safe Arrival at Cape Cod

257

(2)

From Book I, Chapter X: Showing How they Sought out a place of Habitation; and What Befell them Thereabout

259

(1)

From Book II, Chapter XI: The Remainder of Anno 1620

260

(1)

[The Mayflower Compact]

260

(1)

[The Starving Time]

261

(1)

[Indian Relations]

262

(1)

From Book II, Chapter XIV: Anno Domini 1623

263

(1)

[End of the ``Common Course and Condition'']

263

(1)

From Book II, Chapter XXVIII: Anno Domini 1637

264

(1)

[The Pequot War]

264

(1)

From Book II, Chapter XXXII: Anno Domini 1642

265

(1)

[A Horrible Case of Bestiality]

265

(2)

Roger Williams (1603?--1683)

267

(10)

A Key into the Language of America

268

(2)

Directions for the Use of the Language

270

(1)

From Chapter I: Of Salutation

271

(2)

From Chapter VIII: Of Discourse and Newes [Canonicus' speech]

273

(1)

From Chapter XI: Of Travel

273

(3)

Letter: To the Town of Providence

276

(1)

Thomas Shepard (1605--1649)

277

(4)

From The Autobiography of Thomas Shepard

278

(3)

Anne Bradstreet (1612?--1672)

281

(12)

From Several Poems

283

(1)

``The Prologue''

283

(1)

``In Honour of...Queen Elizabeth...''

284

(3)

``The Author to her Book''

287

(1)

``The Flesh and the Spirit''

287

(2)

``To My Dear and Loving Husband''

289

(1)

``In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet, Who Deceased August, 1665, Being a Year and a Half Old''

289

(1)

``Upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th, 1666''

290

(1)

To My Dear Children

290

(3)

The New England Primer (1683?)

293

(6)

Benjamin Church (1639--1717)

299

(9)

From Entertaining Passages Relating to Philip's War

301

(1)

The Great Swamp Fight

301

(1)

Reunion with Awashonks

302

(1)

Tactics of Indian Warfare

303

(1)

Philip's Forces Routed Near Bridgewater

303

(1)

Philip Killed

304

(2)

The Capture of Annawon

306

(1)

Philip's Regalia

307

(1)

Edward Taylor (1642?--1729)

308

(13)

From Gods Determinations

310

(1)

The Preface

310

(1)

The Souls Groan to Christ for Succour

311

(1)

The Joy of Church Fellowship rightly attended

312

(1)

From ``Poetical Works''

313

(1)

4. Huswifery

313

(1)

6. Upon Wedlock and Death of Children

314

(1)

From Preparatory Meditations

315

(1)

Prologue

315

(1)

First Series

315

(1)

Meditation 8: John 6.51. I Am the Living Bread

316

(1)

Meditation 40: I John 2.2. He is a Propitiation for our Sin

317

(2)

Second Series

319

(1)

Meditation 43: Rom. 9.5. God blessed forever

319

(2)

Samuel Sewell (1652--1730)

321

(6)

Phœnomena quœdam Apocalyptica [Phenomena concerning the Apocalypse] (1697)

323

(1)

The Selling of Joseph, A Memorial

323

(4)

Cotton Mather (1663--1728)

327

(11)

From Decennium Luctuosum [The Captivity of Hannah Dustan]

329

(3)

From Magnalia Christi Americana

332

(1)

From The Negro Christianized

333

(5)

Middle Atlantic: New Netherland

338

(6)

Jacob Steendam (1616--?)

338

(2)

``The Complaint of New Amsterdam''

338

(2)

Henricus Selyns (1636--1701)

340

(4)

``Bridal Torch''

340

(4)

Middle Atlantic: Pennsylvania

344

(4)

Francis Daniel Pastorius (1651--1720?)

344

(4)

From ``Positive Information from America, Concerning the Country of Pennsylvania...''

344

(2)

Letter to Tobias Schumbergius, 1693

346

(2)

Native American Views

348

(9)

Powhatan's Speech to Captain John Smith, 1609

349

(1)

Narragansett Indians, ``Act of Submission,'' 1644

350

(1)

Mittark, Agreement of Gay Head Indians Not to Sell Land to the English, 1681

351

(1)

Garangula, Speech to New France's Governor La Barre, 1685

352

(1)

The Coming of the Spanish and the Pueblo Revolt: A Hopi Perspective

353

(4)

Part Three: The Eighteenth Century

357

(239)

Introduction

359

(5)

Later Colonial Writers of the Americas

364

(101)

Sarah Kemble Knight (1666--1727)

364

(9)

From The Journal of Madame Knight

365

(8)

Louis Armand de Lom d'Arce, Baron de Lahontan (1666--1715)

373

(10)

New Voyages to North America...

375

(1)

From Volume I

375

(1)

From Preface

375

(1)

From Letter I: Description of the Passage from France to Canada

376

(1)

Letter II: Description of the Plantations of Canada

377

(2)

From Volume II

379

(1)

A Discourse of the Habit, Houses, Complexion and Temperament of the Savages of North America

379

(2)

From A Short View of the Humors and Customs of the Savages

381

(1)

From An Account of the Amours and Marriages of the Savages

382

(1)

William Byrd II (1674--1744)

383

(9)

From The Secret History of the Line

385

(3)

From The History of the Dividing Line

388

(4)

Pierre Francois-Xavier de Charlevoix (1682--1761)

392

(7)

Journal of a Voyage to North America, undertaken by the Order of the French King

392

(1)

From Letter III: Description of Quebec; character of its inhabitants, and the manner of living in the French Colony

392

(3)

From Letter XXX: Voyage from the Akansas to the Natchez. Description of the country. Of the river of the Yasous. Of the customs, manners and religion of the Natchez

395

(2)

From Letter XXXI: Description of the Capital of Louisiana

397

(1)

From Letter XXXII: Reflections on the Grants

398

(1)

Marie-Andree Duplessis de Sainte-Helene (1687--1760)

399

(1)

From The Annals of the Hotel-Dieu, Quebec

399

(1)

The Image of Hell

399

(1)

Elisabeth Begon (1696--1755)

400

(3)

From The Correspondence of Madame Begon, 1748--1753

401

(2)

Richard Lewis (1700?--1734)

403

(8)

A Journey from Patapsko to Annapolis, April 4, 1730

404

(7)

Jonathan Edwards (1703--1758)

411

(10)

From Images of Divine Things

412

(1)

``Apostrophe to Sarah Pierpont''

413

(1)

Personal Narrative

414

(7)

Elizabeth Ashbridge (1713--1755)

421

(10)

From Some Account of the Fore Part of the Life of Elizabeth Ashbridge...

422

(9)

Alonso Carrio de la Vandera (1715?--?)

431

(12)

El Lazarillo: A Guide for Inexperienced Travelers between Buenos Aires and Lima (c. 1775)

432

(1)

Prologue and Dedication to those treated herein

432

(2)

From Chapter XVIII: The indolence of the Indians. The Opinion of the Author. The Name Concolorcorvo

434

(1)

From Chapter XXVI: A Brief Comparison of the Cities of Lima and Cuzco. Characteristic Aspects. The Residents of Lima and Mexico. The Dress of the Lima Women. Reasons for their vitality. Singular Features, Wedding Beds, Cradles, and Household Furnishings

435

(8)

John Woolman (1720--1772)

443

(9)

From The Journal of John Woolman

445

(7)

Jean-Bernard Bossu (1720--1792)

452

(2)

Travels in the Interior of North America, 1751--1762

452

(1)

From Letter II

452

(1)

From Letter XVII

453

(1)

Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1729--1811)

454

(4)

From Adventure in the Wilderness

454

(4)

Rafael Landivar (1731--1793)

458

(7)

Rusticatio Mexicana

459

(1)

From The Lakes of Mexico

459

(2)

From Processing of Silver and Gold

461

(2)

From Birds

463

(1)

From Sports

463

(2)

Contested Visions: Revolution and Nation

465

(131)

Benjamin Franklin (1706--1790)

465

(13)

Epitaph

468

(1)

From The Autobiography [Part 2]

468

(10)

Samson Occom (1727--1792)

478

(6)

A Short Narrative of My Life

479

(5)

Lucy Terry (Prince) (1730--1821)

484

(1)

``Bars Fight''

484

(1)

Abigail Smith Adams (1744--1818) John Adams (1735--1826)

485

(12)

From Letters of Abigail and John Adams

486

(6)

From The Adams-Jefferson Letters

492

(5)

J. Hector St John de Crevecoeur (1735--1813)

497

(11)

Letters from an American Farmer

498

(1)

From Letter III: What is an American?

498

(5)

From Letter IX: Description of Charles Town; Thoughts on Slavery; On Physical Evil; A Melancholy Scene

503

(4)

From Letter XII: Distresses of a Frontier Man

507

(1)

Prince Hall (1735?--1807)

508

(7)

A Charge, Delivered to the African Lodge, June 24, 1797, at Menotomy

509

(6)

Thomas Paine (1737--1809)

515

(8)

From Common Sense

516

(1)

Introduction

516

(1)

From III: Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs

517

(6)

Thomas Jefferson (1743--1826)

523

(14)

From Autobiography [Declaration of Independence]

524

(6)

Notes on the State of Virginia

530

(1)

From Query VI: Productions mineral, vegetable and animal

530

(1)

From Query XIV: Laws

531

(5)

From Query XVIII: Manners

536

(1)

Toussaint L'Ouverture (1744?--1803)

537

(9)

Proclamations and Letters

538

(8)

Olaudah Equiano (1745--1797)

546

(8)

From The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself

547

(7)

Judith Sargent Murray (1751--1820)

554

(4)

``Desultory Thoughts upon the Utility of Encouraging a Degree of Self-Complacency, Especially in Female Bosoms''

555

(3)

Philip Freneau (1752--1832)

558

(14)

``The Rising Glory of America''

559

(9)

``A Political Litany''

568

(1)

``George the Third's Soliloquy''

569

(1)

``To Sir Toby''

570

(2)

Lemuel Haynes (1753--1833)

572

(9)

``Liberty Further Extended: Or Free Thoughts on the Illegality of Slave-Keeping''

573

(8)

Phillis Wheatley (1753--1784)

581

(10)

From Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral

583

(1)

``To Mæcenas''

583

(1)

``To the University of Cambridge, in New England''

584

(1)

``On Being Brought from Africa to America''

585

(1)

``On the Death of the Rev. Mr George Whitefield''

586

(1)

``To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for North America, &c.''

587

(1)

``A Farewell to America. To Mrs S.W.''

588

(1)

Letter to Samson Occom

589

(1)

Extant poem not included in Poems, 1773

590

(1)

``America''

590

(1)

Charles Brockden Brown (1771--1810)

591

(5)

From Alcuin Part I

592

(4)

Bibliography

596

(2)

Index

598

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The Literatures of Colonial America An Anthology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials