Lowinson and Ruiz's Substance Abuse A Comprehensive Textbook

A comprehensive, authoritative text on all aspects of substance abuse and addiction medicine. Scientific topics such as the biology of various addictions and all dimensions of clinical treatment and management are addressed by a wide range of leading contributors. Behavioral addictions are addressed also, so the text is not solely devoted to specific substances and their misuse.

Preface vii

Foreword ix S E C T I O N 1 :Foundations1 Historical Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1David F. Musto and Eric D. Wish2 Epidemiology—The United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Charles Winick and Jack Levinson3 Epidemiology—A European Perspective . . . . . . . . . . 26Icro Maremmani, Matteo Pacini, Mercedes Lovrecic, andPier Paolo Pani S E C T I O N 2 :Determinants of Abuse and Dependence4 Genetic Factors in the Risk for SubstanceUse Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Thomas A. Nguyen, Jaimee L. Heffner, Show W. Lin, andRobert M. Anthenelli5 Neurobiological Factors of Drug Dependenceand Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Heath D. Schmidt, Fair M. Vassoler, and R. Christopher Pierce6 Psychological Factors (In Determinants ofAbuse and Dependence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Steven Shoptaw7 Behavioral Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Kenneth Silverman, Anthony DeFulio, and Jeffery J. Everly8 Sociocultural Factors and Their Implications . . . . . . 99Nady el-Guebaly and Pedro Ruiz S E C T I O N 3 :Evaluation9 Clinical Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107LaVerne Hanes Stevens and Michael L. Dennis10 Diagnosis and Classification: DSM-IV-TRand ICD-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117George E. Woody and John Cacciola11 Diagnostic Laboratory: Screening forDrug Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Karl G. Verebey and Gerard Meenan S E C T I O N 4 :Substances of Abuse12 Alcohol Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Carlos A. Hernandez-Avila and Henry R. Kranzler13 Opioids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161David H. Epstein, Karran A. Phillips, and Kenzie L. Preston14 Cocaine and Crack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Richard P. Paczynski and Mark S. Gold15 Cannabis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Alan J. Budney, Ryan L. Vandrey, and Stephanie Fearer16 Amphetamines and Other Stimulants . . . . . . . . . . . 238Kevin P. Hill and Roger D. Weiss17 Sedative–Hypnotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Domenic A. Ciraulo and Clifford Knapp18 Hallucinogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Robert N. Pechnick and Kathryn A. Cunningham19 PCP/Designer Drugs/MDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Una D. McCann20 Inhalants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284Charles W. Sharp, Matthew O. Howard, and Wynne K. Schiffer21 Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Joy M. Schmitz and Angela L. Stotts22 Caffeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Laura M. Juliano, Britta L. Anderson, and Roland R. Griffiths23 Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354Laurence M. Westreich S E C T I O N 5 :Compulsive and Addictive Behaviors24 Eating Disorders and SubstanceUse Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Harry A. Brandt, Steven F. Crawford, andKatherine A. Halmi25 Pathologic Gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384Elise E. DeVito and Marc Potenza26 Sexual Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Virginia A. Sadock27 Internet Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284Philippe Weintraub, Thomas M. Dunn, Joel Yager,and Zebulon Taintor S E C T I O N 6 :Treatment ApproachesPart 1: Neurobiologic Treatments28 Methadone Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419Andrew J. Saxon and Karen Miotto29 Buprenorphine in the Treatment of OpioidDependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437D. Andrew Tompkins and Eric C. Strain30 Naltrexone Pharmacotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Emily Harrison and Ismene Petrakis31 Vaccines for Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Frank M. Orson, Mark J. Biscone, Berma M. Kinsey, andThomas R. Kosten32 Acupuncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466Ji-Sheng Han and Cai-Lian Cui33 Alcohol Abstinence Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477Richard N. Rosenthal34 Alternative Pharmacotherapies for OpioidAddiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494Paul J. Fudala and Rolley E. Johnson35 Sedative-Hypnotics Abstinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501R.C. Oude Voshaar36 Nicotine Dependence Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510Douglas Ziedonis, David Kalman, Chris W. Johnson,and Lisa A. MistlerPart 2: Psychosocial and Other Treatments37 Self-Help Programs Focused on Substance Use:Active Ingredients and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Rudolf H. Moos and Christine Timko38 Alternative Support Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533Arthur T. Horvath39 The Therapeutic Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543William B. O’Brien, J. Gabriel Piedrahita, and Francisco(Sebastian) P. Bacatan, Jr.40 Network Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551Marc Galanter and Helen Dermatis41 Individual Psychotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562Joan E. Zweben42 Group Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575Arnold M. Washton43 Family/Couples Approaches to TreatmentEngagement and Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584William Fals-Stewart and Wendy K. K. Lam44 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Kathleen M. Carroll45 Contingency Management in the Treatmentof Substance Use Disorders: Trends inthe Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603Stephen T. Higgins, Stacey C. Sigmon, and Sarah H. Heil46 Motivational Interviewing and Enhancement . . . . . 622Carlo C. DiClemente, Onna R. Van Orden, andKatherine S. Wright47 Relapse Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633Dennis C. Daley, G. Alan Marlatt, and Antoine Douaihy S E C T I O N 7 :Management of AssociatedMedical Conditions48 Maternal and Neonatal Complications ofAlcohol and Other Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648Karol Kaltenbach and Hendrée Jones49 Medical Complications of Drug Use/Dependence . . 663Joshua D. Lee, Jennifer McNeely, and Marc N. Gourevitch50 Psychiatric Complications of HIV-1 Infectionand Drug Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682Harold W. Goforth, L. Brett Caram, Jorge Maldonado,Pedro Ruiz, and Francisco Fernandez51 Acute and Chronic Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Russell K. Portenoy52 Substance Use Disorders in Individuals withCo-occurring Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721Sylvia J. Dennison53 Medication Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730Carolina L. Haass-Koffler and Elinore F. McCance-Katz S E C T I O N 8 :Models of Prevention54 School-Based Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742Gilbert J. Botvin and Kenneth W. Griffin55 Harm Reduction: New Drug Policies and Practices . . 754Ernest Drucker, Robert G. Newman, Ethan Nadelmann, Alex Wodak,Daniel Wolfe, David Marsh, Eugene Oscapella, Jennifer Mcneely,Yujiang Jia, and Kasia Malinowska-Semprucht56 Work Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777Paul F. Engelhart and Cindy Taormina S E C T I O N 9 :Life Cycle57 Adolescent Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786Robert Milin and Selena Walker58 The Older Drug Abuser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802Bennett W. Fletcher and Wilson M. Compton S E C T I O N 1 0 :Special Populations59 African Americans: Alcohol and SubstanceAbuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813William B. Lawson, Jessica Herrera, and Robert G. Lawson60 Hispanic Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819Pedro Ruiz61 Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders . . . . . . . . . . . 829John W. Tsuang and Edmond H. Pi62 American Indians and Alaska Natives . . . . . . . . . . . 837Daniel Dickerson63 Women and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847Shelly F. Greenfield, Sudie E. Back, Katie Lawson, andKathleen T. Brady64 Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871Robert Paul Cabaj65 Incarcerated Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881Timothy W. Kinlock, Michael S. Gordon, andRobert P. Schwartz66 Substance Use Disorders among Health CareProfessionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892J. Wesley Boyd and John R. Knight67 The Homeless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901Jacqueline Maus Feldman68 Disability, Impairment, and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . 908Stuart Gitlow69 New Immigrants and Refugees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918Joseph Westermeyer70 Substance Use in the Armed Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926Robert M. Bray and Michael R. Pemberton S E C T I O N 1 1 :Training and Education71 Medical Education on Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937Karen Drexler72 Psychologists: Training and Education . . . . . . . . . . . 949D. Baron, C.J. Combs, and A.P. Wells73 Nursing Education in Addictions andSubstance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957Betty D. Morgan and Donna M. White, and Colleen T. LaBelle74 Social Worker Education and Training in the Care ofPersons with Substance Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 965Michelle Tuten75 Counselor Training and Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971Gregory S. Brigham, Natasha Slesnick, and Grant Schroeder76 Other Mental Health Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979E. Akerele, N. Nahar, and J. Cerimele S E C T I O N 1 2 :Policy Issues77 Drug Policy: A Biological Science Perspective . . . . . 988Robert L. DuPont, Bertha K. Madras, and Per Johansson78 Substance Abuse Policy and Payment . . . . . . . . . . . 1011Anita Everett79 Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019Ihsan M. Salloum80 Clinical and Societal Implications of DrugLegalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034Benjamin R. Nordstrom and Herbert D. Kleber81 Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046Pedro Ruiz and Eric C. Strain