Magnetic Bearings And Bearingless Drives

, by Chiba; Fukao; Ichikawa; Oshima; Takemoto; Dorrell

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ISBN: 9780750657273 | 0750657278
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/20/2005

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The application of bearingless drives is emerging as an important technique in the areas of high-speed machinery and motion-control, and this book aims to provide a thorough grounding in the principles behind this cutting-edge technology. Basic principles are described in detail with practical examples to aid understanding, and the different types of bearingless drives are introduced, along with coverage of test machines and applications. Aimed at practising electrical and mechanical engineers and advanced students, Magnetic Bearings and Bearingless Drives provides an essential guide to an area of engineering previously only fully covered by large numbers of academic papers.

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

xii

Acknowledgements

xvi

1 Introduction

(15)

1.1 Magnetic bearing and motor drive

(3)

1.2 Bearingless drives

(1)

1.3 Definition and related technologies

(2)

1.4 Early developments

(2)

1.5 Bearingless structures

(2)

1.6 Comparisons

(2)

1.7 Winding structures

(1)

1.8 Applications

(1)

References

(1)

2 Electro-magnetics and mathematical model of magnetic bearings

(29)

2.1 Electro-mechanical structure and operating principles

(1)

2.2 Electric equivalent circuit and inductance

(3)

2.3 Stored magnetic energy and force

(14)

2.4 Radial magnetic bearing

(6)

2.5 Unbalance pull force

(2)

2.6 Block diagram and mechanical system

(2)

Reference

(1)

3 Magnetic bearing controllers

(40)

3.1 Design principles in one-axis magnetic suspension

(7)

3.2 Adjustment of PID gains

(15)

3.3 Interference in two perpendicular axes

(5)

3.4 Unbalance force and elimination

(6)

3.5 Eccentric displacement

(3)

3.6 Synchronized displacement suppression

(4)

4 Mechanical dynamics

(12)

4.1 Two-axis system

(5)

4.2 Four-axis and five-axis systems

(4)

4.3 Thrust magnetic bearing and requirement of five-axis suspension

(2)

References

(1)

5 Power electronic circuits for magnetic bearings

(30)

5.1 Structure and principles of power electronic circuits

(10)

5.2 PWM operation

107

(5)

5.3 Current feedback

112

(7)

5.4 Current driver operating area

119

(3)

5.5 Power devices and gate drive circuits

122

(5)

6 Primitive model and control strategy of bearingless motors

127

(32)

6.1 Principles of radial force generation

127

(4)

6.2 Two-pole bearingless motor

131

(1)

6.3 MMF and permeance

132

(3)

6.4 Magnetic potential and flux distribution

135

(3)

6.5 Inductance matrix

138

(3)

6.6 Radial force and current

141

(4)

6.7 The dc excitation of the primitive bearingless motor

145

(2)

6.8 AC excitation and revolving magnetic field

147

(2)

6.9 Inductance measurements

149

(10)

7 Analysis in rotational coordinates and magnetic suspension strategy for bearingless drives with 2-pole and 4-pole windings

159

(25)

7.1 Vector control theory of electrical motors

160

(6)

7.2 Coordinate transformation and torque regulation

166

(3)

7.3 Vector control theory in bearingless motors

169

(4)

7.4 Coordinate transformation from dc to ac bearingless machines

173

(4)

7.5 System block diagrams of bearingless machines

177

(6)

References

183

(1)

8 Field orientation, VA requirement and magnetic saturation

184

(17)

8.1 Misalignment of field orientation

185

(5)

8.2 VA requirement

190

(7)

8.3 Magnetic saturation

197

(3)

References

200

(1)

9 Cylindrical permanent magnet synchronous bearingless motors

201

(19)

9.1 Structure of surface permanent magnet (SPM) rotor

201

(1)

9.2 Radial suspension force and suspension winding current

202

(2)

9.3 Equations of voltage and current

204

(1)

9.4 Guideline for permanent magnet thickness and airgap length

205

(7)

9.5 Irreversible permanent magnet demagnetization and MMF limitations of stator windings

212

(4)

9.6 Control system configuration

216

(3)

References

219

(1)

10 Inset types of permanent magnet bearingless motor

220

(9)

10.1 Structure and features of an inset type of permanent magnet rotor

220

(1)

10.2 Mutual interference between radial suspension forces

221

(2)

10.3 Rotor position control strategy

223

(1)

10.4 Identification of suspension force parameters

223

(5)

References

228

(1)

11 Buried permanent magnet bearingless motors

229

(9)

11.1 BPM rotor structures

229

(2)

11.2 Suspension force for unity current and permanent magnet demagnetization

231

(1)

11.3 Rotor position control strategy

232

(5)

References

237

(1)

12 Synchronous reluctance bearingless motors

238

(13)

12.1 Torque characteristics

238

(3)

12.2 Radial force characteristics

241

(3)

12.3 Drive systems

244

(6)

References

250

(1)

13 Bearingless induction motors

251

(23)

13.1 Rotor structure and suspension force

251

(6)

13.2 Indirect type drives

257

(7)

13.3 Direct type drives

264

(7)

13.4 Two-pole motor drive

271

(1)

References

272

(2)

14 Homopolar, hybrid and consequent-pole bearingless motors

274

(13)

14.1 Structures and principles

274

(7)

14.2 Number of poles

281

(3)

14.3 Drive systems

284

(2)

References

286

(1)

15 Switched reluctance bearingless motors

287

(22)

15.1 Configuration of stator windings and principles of suspension force generation

288

(2)

15.2 Derivation of inductances

290

(1)

15.3 Assumption and calculation of permeances

291

(4)

15.4 Theoretical formulae of suspension force and torque

295

(2)

15.5 A drive system

297

(5)

15.6 A feed-forward compensator for vibration reduction considering magnetic attraction force

302

(5)

References

307

(2)

16 Winding arrangement variations

309

(9)

16.1 Modified radial magnetic bearings

309

(2)

16.2 Modified motors

311

(2)

16.3 p-Pole and (p+-2)-pole windings

313

(3)

References

316

(2)

17 Mechanical structure and position regulation

318

(11)

17.1 Mechanical structure

318

(3)

17.2 Axial gap bearingless motors

321

(7)

References

328

(1)

18 Displacement sensors and sensorless operation

329

(15)

18.1 Principles of displacement sensor

330

(3)

18.2 Improvements in sensitivity

333

(3)

18.3 Inductive and eddy current sensors

336

(2)

18.4 Sensorless bearingless motor

338

(4)

References

342

(2)

19 Controllers and power electronics

344

(7)

19.1 Structure of digital controllers

344

(3)

19.2 Discrete-time systems of PID controllers with the z-transform

347

(4)

20 Design procedure and examples

351

(10)

20.1 An induction type bearingless motor

351

(5)

20.2 A permanent magnet type bearingless motor

356

(4)

References

360

(1)

21 Applications and test machines

361

(14)

21.1 Canned pumps and drives

361

(4)

21.2 Compact pumps, bubble bed reactor

365

(5)

21.3 Spindle motor and semiconductor processing

370

(4)

References

374

(1)

Index

375

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Magnetic Bearings And Bearingless Drives

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials