Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical

This manual provides clear, concise management advice from a team of leaders in emergency veterinary medicine, making it a valuable text for the classroom and an indispensable resource for emergency situations in daily veterinary practice. Written in an easy-to-follow outline format, this book gives you rapid access to essential information needed to stabilize and treat the emergency and critical care patient. The first part of the book outlines initial care of the trauma or critical patient, followed by coverage that ranges from triage to basic fluid therapy, monitoring, and continuous care. The second part of the book features emergency care coverage organized by body system, beginning with the general approach to patients with emergent signs in each system and followed by protocols for specific conditions.

Douglass K. Macintire, DVM, MS, Diplomate, ACVIM and ACVECC, Kenneth J. Drobatz, DVM, MSCE, Diplomate, ACVIM and ACVECC, Steven C. Haskins, DVM, MS, Diplomate, ACVA and ACVECC and William D. Saxon DVM, Diplomate, ACVIM and ACVECC.

PART I: LIFE SUPPORT INITIAL STABILIZATION, MONITORING AND INTENSIVE CARE OF THE CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT

1. APPROACH TO THE EMERGENCY PATIENT

3

(9)

I. Triage-Derived from French Word "To Sort"

3

(1)

II. Identification of Life-Threatening Problems: Initial Examination

3

(5)

III. Secondary Survey of the Patient

8

(4)

2. EMERGENCY ROOM READINESS

12

(4)

I. The Importance of Readiness

12

(1)

II. Equipment Recommendations

12

(1)

III. Recommended Supplies

13

(1)

IV. Recommended Drugs

14

(2)

3. CARDIOPULMONARY-CEREBRAL RESUSCITATION (CPCR)

16

(11)

I. Definition

16

(1)

II. Predisposing Factors

16

(1)

III. Clinical Signs

16

(1)

IV. Prognosis/General Recommendations

16

(1)

V. Treatment

16

(11)

4. SHOCK

27

(11)

I. Definition

27

(1)

II. Categories of Shock

27

(2)

III. Treatment of Shock

29

(9)

5. ANESTHETIC PROTOCOLS FOR SHORT PROCEDURES

38

(17)

I. Overview of Anesthetic Drugs Used in Critical Patients

38

(1)

II. Guidelines for Anesthesia in Critical Patients

38

(1)

III. Specific Drugs Used in Critical Patients

39

(4)

IV. Anesthesia Concerns and Protocols for Common Conditions

43

(1)

V. Anesthetic Dosages for Healthy Patients

44

(4)

VI. Injectable Drug Combinations for Short Procedures

48

(1)

VII. Pain Management in Critical Patients

48

(7)

6. FLUID THERAPY

55

(16)

I. Crystalloid Solutions

55

(3)

II. Colloid Solutions

58

(3)

III. Specific Conditions Requiring Fluid Therapy

61

(10)

7. MONITORING CRITICAL PATIENTS

71

(18)

I. Cardiovascular Monitoring

71

(8)

II. Respiratory Monitoring

79

(4)

III. Urologic Monitoring

83

(1)

IV. Metabolic Monitoring

84

(3)

V. Neurologic Monitoring

87

(2)

8. NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT OF CRITICAL PATIENTS

89

(26)

I. Acute Malnutrition

89

(1)

II. Methods and Procedures of Providing Enteral Nutrition

90

(15)

III. Parenteral Nutrition

105

(10)

PART II: SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS AND PROCEDURES FOR EMERGENCY CONDITIONS

9. RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES

115

(45)

I. General Approach/Methods of Oxygen Delivery

115

(3)

II Upper Airway Obstruction (Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea)

118

(10)

III. Pleural Space Disease

128

(16)

IV. Lower Airway Disease

144

(6)

V. Parenchymal Disease

150

(5)

VI. Cyanosis

155

(1)

VII. Mechanical Ventilation

156

(4)

10. CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

160

(29)

I. Clinical Signs

160

(1)

II. Diagnosis

160

(1)

III. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

161

(6)

IV. Management of Specific Conditions

167

(22)

11. GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES

189

(37)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

189

(1)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

189

(5)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

194

(32)

12. UROLOGIC EMERGENCIES

226

(25)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

226

(1)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

226

(9)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

235

(16)

13. NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCIES

251

(28)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

251

(1)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

251

(3)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

254

(25)

14. HEMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES

279

(17)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

279

(2)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

281

(5)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

286

(10)

15. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC EMERGENCIES

296

(38)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

296

(1)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

296

(4)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

300

(34)

16. REPRODUCTIVE EMERGENCIES

334

(7)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

334

(1)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

335

(1)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

335

(6)

17. PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES

341

(12)

I. Resuscitation of Neonates (Birth to 2 weeks)

341

(5)

II. Diseases of Infant Animals (2-6 weeks)

346

(3)

III. Diseases of Juvenile Animals (6-12 weeks)

349

(4)

18. OCULAR EMERGENCIES

353

(20)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

353

(1)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

353

(3)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

356

(17)

19. DERMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES

373

(11)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

373

(1)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

374

(1)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

375

(9)

20. TOXICOLOGIC EMERGENCIES

384

(18)

I. Clinical Signs, Diagnosis

384

(1)

II. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures

384

(3)

III. Management of Specific Conditions

387

(15)

21. MISCELLANEOUS EMERGENCIES

402

(15)

I. Heat Illness

402

(2)

II. Hypothermia

404

(2)

III. Frostbite

406

(2)

IV. Near Drowning

408

(1)

V. Insect and Spider Bites

409

(3)

VI. Snakebites

412

(2)

VII. Electrocution

414

(3)

APPENDICES

417

(72)

Appendix A. Calibration Tables for the Schiötz Tonometer

417

(1)

Appendix B. Normal Values for the Canine and Feline Electrocardiogram

418

(1)

Appendix C. CPCR Guidelines

419

(2)

Appendix D. Common Equations

421

(1)

Appendix E. Constant Rate Infusions

422

(5)

Appendix F. Conversion Tables

427

(2)

Appendix G. Normal Values for Oxygen and Hemodynamic Parameters

429

(3)

Appendix H. Toxicology

432

(4)

Appendix I. Transfusion Guide

436

(2)

Appendix J. Drug Formulary

438

(47)

Appendix K. Guidelines for Anesthesia in Animals with Critical Problems

485

(4)

INDEX

489

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Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials