Mao's Road to Power: Revolutionary Writings, 1912-49: v. 4: The Rise and Fall of the Chinese Soviet Republic, 1931-34: Revolutionary Writings, 1912-49

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This projected ten-volume edition of Mao Zedong's writings provides abundant documentation in his own words regarding his life and thought. It has been compiled from all available Chinese sources, including the many new texts that appeared in 1993, Mao's centenary.

Acknowledgements

xix

(2)

General Introduction: Mao Zedong and the Chinese Revolution, 1912-1949

xxi

(6)

Introduction: The Writings of Mao Zedong, 1931-1934

xxvii

(68)

Note on Sources and Conventions

xcv

(7)

About the Maps

cii

(1)

Map 1. South-central China

ciii

(1)

Map 2. Southern Jiangxi Base Area

civ

1931

(174)

Order to Attack Tan Daoyuan (January 1)

(2)

Order to Pursue and Attack the Enemy Division of Tan Daoyuan (January 2)

(2)

Order to Carry Out Decentralized Fund-raising Activities After Smashing the First "Encirclement and Suppression" (January 16)

(3)

The Tasks of the General Political Department, and the Relation Between Political Departments and Commissars in the Red Army (February 17)

(2)

Order No. V6 of the First Front Army of the Red Army to Continue to Move Eastward and Intensify Efforts at Fund-raising (February 21)

(4)

Letter from the General Political Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission to the Soviet Government of Jiangxi Province (February 27)

(4)

On Making the News Bulletin on Current Affairs Widely Available (March 12-14)

(6)

The Military Preparatory Work That Must Be Done to Achieve Victory in the Second Phase of Operations (March 17)

(6)

The Significance of the Second Campaign, the Current Situation Between the Enemy and Ourselves, and Preparatory Work in Striving for a Second Victory (March 20)

(8)

Order to Move the Troops for Reorganization, Training, and Fund-raising (March 23)

(2)

A Propaganda Outline for Seeking Victory in the Second Campaign

(1)

Eight Conditions for a Great Victory in the Second Campaign

(7)

Opposing the First Great "Encirclement and Suppression" (Spring)

(2)

Circular of the General Political Department on Investigating the Situation Regarding Land and Population (April 2)

(2)

Decision Regarding Acceptance of the Letter from the International and of the Resolution Adopted by the Fourth Plenum (April)

(11)

Order for the Troops to Assemble Before the Battle (April 19)

(2)

Order to Mobilize the Troops to Help the Masses Plant and Plow the Fields (May 5)

(2)

Order to Wipe out the Enemy Troops That Are Attacking Donggu (May 13)

(3)

Orders to the First Front Army of the Red Army to Attack Futian and to Eliminate the Two Divisions of Wang Jinyu and Gong Bingfan (May 14)

(2)

Order to Attack the Enemy at Zhongcun and Nantuan (May 21)

(2)

Order to Occupy Nanfeng Before the Enemy (May 24)

(3)

Minutes of the First Eight Meetings of the General Front Committee of the First Front Army of the Red Army (May 25-June 10)

(16)

General Order No. 14 of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviets (June 20)

(1)

Minutes of the Third Day of the First Enlarged Meeting of the General Front Committee of the First Front Army of the Red Army (June 22)

(4)

Minutes of the Ninth Meeting of the General Front Committee of the First Front Army of the Red Army (June 22)

102

(3)

Proclamation of the Headquarters of the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army: Execute Huang Meizhuang (June)

105

(2)

Letter to Zhou Yili, Tan Zhenlin, and Others (June 28)

107

(3)

Letter to the Twelfth Army, the Thirty-fifth Army, and the Border Area Working Committee (June 30)

110

(3)

Letter to Tan Zhenlin and the Twelfth Army (July 1)

113

(1)

Opposing the Second Great "Encirclement and Suppression" (Summer)

114

(1)

The Question of the Soviet Area Central Bureau's Special Emergency Circular About "Mobilizing" and Preparing for the Third Campaign (July 4)

115

(3)

Letter of Instruction from Zhu De and Mao Zedong to Geng Kai and Longjun (July 12)

118

(2)

Letter from Zhu De and Mao Zedong to Regimental Commander Zhu and Political Commissar Liu (July 12)

120

(1)

Order of the First Front Army of the Red Army to Prepare to Eliminate the Enemy Attacking from Laicun (July 24)

121

(2)

Regarding the Dispositions for Attacking Longgang (July 30)

123

(1)

Order to Take Futian and Xin'an (July 31)

124

(2)

Order to Oppose the Third "Encirclement and Suppression" (July)

126

(1)

Order to Wipe Out the Enemy Advancing from Chongxian to Gaoxingxu (August 3)

127

(2)

Order to Destroy the Enemy in Longgang (August 8)

129

(2)

Order from the Central Military Commission to the Red Army and the Local Armed Forces in Xing[guo], Yu[du], Gan[xian], Wan[an], and Tai[he] (August 12)

131

(5)

Order to Reduce Our Baggage and Number of Horses (August 17)

136

(2)

The Problem of Opposing Rich Peasants

138

(4)

General Order of the First Front Army of the Red Army to Cut Down on Expenditures (August 22)

142

(3)

Order to Shift Positions and Intercept the Enemy Forces (September 11)

145

(2)

Order to the First Front Army of the Red Army to Move to the East (September 12)

147

(2)

Order to the First Front Army of the Red Army to Set Out for Longgangtou for Consolidation and Replacing Losses after Wiping Out Han Deqin's Troops (September 18)

149

(2)

Order to Proceed to Fujian to Work and Collect Revenue (September 23)

151

(3)

A Letter to Our Brothers the Soldiers of the White Army on the Forcible Occupation of Manchuria by Japanese Imperialism (September 25)

154

(3)

Eulogy for Comrade Huang Gonglue

157

(1)

Order to Gather Experience About Attacking Fortfield Village Block-houses (October 14)

158

(2)

The Economic Policy of the Chinese Soviet Republic (December 1)

160

(3)

Order for the Arrest of Gu Shunzhang, a Traitor to the Revolution (December 10)

163

(4)

Letter to the Popular Masses of the Whole Country Concerning the Betrayal of the Interests of the Chinese Nation by the Guomindang (December 11)

167

(4)

Directive No. 6 of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic (December 13)

171

(4)

An Important Instruction regarding the Building of Soviets (December 15)

175

(4)

1932

179

(174)

Concerning Alteration and Increase of the Ratio of Soviet Deputies to Local Residents (January 28)

179

(3)

Resolution Concerning Verdicts of the Provisional Supreme Court in the Trial of Important Criminals Such as AB Corps Members, Reorganizationists, and War Criminals (February)

182

(2)

Letter from Mao Zedong to Yuan Guoping (March 6)

184

(3)

Letter to Western Fujian Concerning the Work in Shanghang and Wuping (March 9)

187

(7)

Directive of the Provisional Central Government to the First Congress of Workers', Peasants', and Soldiers' Soviets of Fujian Province (March 17)

194

(7)

Only by Marching Directly on Zhangzhou and Quanzhou Can We Make the Enemy Move (March 30)

201

(2)

The Forces That Are Going Directly to Attack Zhangzhou and Quanzhou Should Act More Quickly and Be More Concentrated (April 2)

203

(1)

The Reasons Why the Battle at Longyan Was Victorious, and Future Work in [Long]yan and Yong[ding] (April 11)

204

(2)

Manifesto of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic Declaring War on Japan (April 15)

206

(3)

Directive of the Provisional Central Government on Mobilizing for the Declaration of War Against Japan (April 15)

209

(6)

Views Regarding the Central Task in the Future, and the Work in New Red Areas, as Well as in the White Areas (April 22)

215

(2)

Views Regarding the Political Appraisal, Military Strategy, and the Tasks of the Eastern and Western Route Armies (May 3)

217

(2)

An Open Telegram Opposing the Guomindang's Agreement to Sell Out Shanghai (May 9)

219

(2)

Decision of the Central Executive Committee Approving the Various Resolutions Adopted at the First Soviet Congress of Jiangxi Province (June 3)

221

(1)

The Central Government's Telegram to the Hunan-Jiangxi Provincial Congresses of Workers', Peasants', and Soldiers' Deputies (June 9)

222

(3)

On the Organization and Work of the Committee for Upholding Women's Rights and Improving Women's Lives (June 20)

225

(5)

On Mobilization for War and Work in the Rear (July 7)

230

(12)

The Question of the Direction of Attack at Present (July 25)

242

(2)

Proposal to Appoint Mao Zedong as General Political Commissar (July 25)

244

(1)

Resolution of the Central Executive Committee Approving the Decision of the Provisional Supreme Court in the Case of the Counter-Revolutionary Crimes of Ji and Huang (August 10)

245

(2)

Order to Wipe Out the Enemy in Le'an (August 15)

247

(1)

The Situation of the Enemy in Yihuang and Le'an and our Army's Battle Dispositions (August 15)

248

(1)

Order to Attack the Forces of Chen Cheng (August 29)

249

(4)

Order of the General Headquarters of the First Front Army of the Red Army (August 31)

253

(1)

Order That the Troops Must March with Light Packs (September 5)

254

(1)

Opinion on Smashing the Enemy's Encirclement of and Attack on the Soviet Area in Western Hubei (September)

255

(2)

Order No. 25 of the Council of People's Commissars of the Provisional Central Government (September 17)

257

(2)

Proposal as to How the Fourth Front Army Can Smash the Fourth "Encirclement and Suppression" (September)

259

(2)

Opinion Regarding Strategic and Tactical Problems of the Red Army in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Area (September)

261

(2)

On the Problem of Continuing the Reform of Local Soviet Governments (September 20)

263

(3)

Directive of the Central Executive Committee Concerning the Problem of Expanding the Red Army (September 20)

266

(9)

Report on the Present Military Operations (September 23)

275

(3)

On Commemorating the First Anniversary of the Central Government (September 24)

278

(2)

We Propose a Plenum of the Central Bureau at the Front to Discuss Problems of Military Operations (September 25)

280

(2)

Opinions Regarding the Operation of the Front Army and the Place for Holding the Plenum of the Central Bureau (September 26)

282

(2)

Order for Our Troops to Work in the North for a Period of Time Before the Enemy's Big Offensive (September 26)

284

(6)

Opinon Regarding the Need to Select the Enemy's Weak Point in Hunan-Henan-Anhui, and to Destroy One of His Units (September 30)

290

(2)

Circular Telegram Opposing the Report of the International Investigation Team (October 6)

292

(3)

On Emergency War Mobilization (October 13)

295

(6)

Order No. 29 of the Central Council of People's Commissars (October 13)

301

(1)

Order No. 30 of the Central Council of People's Commissars (October 13)

302

(1)

Campaign Plans for the First Front Army of the Red Army (October 14)

303

(5)

Promoting the Sale of the Second Issue of Revolutionary War Bonds (October 21)

308

(4)

Directive Letter from the Central Executive Committee to the Presidium of the Fujian Provincial Soviet (October 31)

312

(2)

A Work Report to the Whole Electorate by the Provisional Government of the Chinese Soviets on its First Anniversary (November 7)

314

(2)

Order No. 34 of the Council of People's Commissars (November 12)

326

(1)

Conscript the Rich Peasants and Organize Forced Labor Brigades (November 25)

327

(1)

Plant More Miscellaneous Grains and Eradicate Narcotic Crops (November 25)

328

(2)

On Mobilization for War and Methods of Work (November 29)

330

(5)

On the Inspection of the Election Movement at All Levels (December 1)

335

(4)

In Commemoration of the Guangzhou Uprising, and of the First Anniversary of the Ningdu Uprising (December 2)

339

(1)

A Secret Order on the Problem of Organizing Local Armed Forces (December 20)

340

(4)

Directive No. 8 of the Council of People's Commissars (December 27)

344

(2)

Tighten Exit Regulations (December 27)

346

(2)

Advance the Date of Spring Plowing, and Concentrate our Forces to Smash the Enemy's Big Offensive (December 28)

348

(5)

1933

353

(296)

On Renaming Ningdu xian as Bosheng xian and Holding a Memorial Meeting in Honor of Comrade Zhao Bosheng (January 13)

353

(2)

Proclamation of the Provisional Central Government and the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (January 17)

355

(2)

On the Revolutionary Masses Lending Grain to Provide for the Red Army (March 1)

357

(4)

Oppose Japanese Imperialism's Occupation of Rehe and Attack on Beiping and Tianjin (March 3)

361

(3)

On Redistributing the People's Food Supply to Help Provide for the Military (March 4)

364

(3)

Tingzhou Should Not Be Easily Given Up (March 5)

367

(1)

On the Problem of Eliminating Internal Counterrevolutionaries (March 15)

368

(3)

On Mobilizing the Masses to Help Government Staff Members in Their Work of Cultivating the Land, Relieving Government Staff Members of Worries About Their Families, and Increasing the Government's Capacity for Work (April 14)

371

(2)

Proclamation by the Provisional Central Government and Revolutionary Military Commission of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (April 15)

373

(4)

Inspecting for and Banning of Privately Owned Firearms, and Prohibiting the Unauthorized Wearing of Military Uniforms (April 15)

377

(3)

Resolution of the Central Executive Committee Concerning Committees for Eliminating Counterrevolutionaries (April 15)

380

(2)

Letter on the Summer Planting Movement to Those in Charge of the Soviets at All Levels (April 22)

382

(2)

Directive on Establishing the Commissariat for the National Economy (April 28)

384

(2)

On Limiting Special Express Mail (May 11)

386

(2)

Letter from the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic to the White Troops of Fujian and Guangdong (May 28)

388

(2)

Dabodi (Summer)

390

(1)

Proclamation of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic Opposing the Guomindang Sellout of Beiping and Tianjin (June 1)

391

(3)

Carry Out a Broad and Thoroughgoing Land Investigation Movement (June 1)

394

(4)

Summons to a Conference of Responsible Soviet Officials at and Above the District Level, and to a Congress of Poor Peasant League Representatives from Eight Xian (June 1)

398

(4)

Appeal of the Central Government to the Masses in the Four Xian of Ruijin, Huichang, Bosheng, and Shicheng to Save 50,000 Dan of Grain and Sell It to the Red Army (June)

402

(3)

An Open Telegram Repudiating the Traitrous Agreement Signed by the Guomindang (June 10)

405

(3)

On the Solution to the Grain Problem of the Masses (June 16)

408

(2)

Opening Speech at the Conference of Responsible Soviet Officials from Eight Xian regarding the Land Investigation Movement (June 17)

410

(3)

Report at the Land Investigation Movement Meeting Attended by Responsible Soviet Leaders at and Above the District Level from Eight Xian (June 18-19)

413

(7)

Conclusions Adopted by the Land Investigation Movement Meeting Attended by Responsible Soviet Leaders at and Above the District Level from Eight xian (June 20)

420

(14)

Mass Work in the Land Investigation Movement (June)

434

(7)

On the Problem of Launching Food Cooperatives (July 4)

441

(2)

Resolution by the Central Government Concerning the Movement to Commemorate "August First" (July 11)

443

(2)

Circular Telegram Opposing the Guomindang's Recent Dalian Conference for Selling Out the Country (July)

445

(3)

Letter to the Huangbai District Soviet in Ruijin Concerning the Land Investigation Movement (July 13)

448

(5)

Outline of the Organization and Work of the Poor Peasant League (July 15)

453

(7)

A New Situation and New Tasks (July 29)

460

(4)

Proclamation of the Provisional Central Government on the Convening of the Second National Congress of Soviet Deputies (August 1)

464

(4)

Telegram of the Central Government Congratulating the Eastern Red Army on Its Great Victory (August 8)

468

(1)

Instructions on the Current Election Movement (August 9)

469

(10)

Smashing the Fifth "Encirclement and Suppression" and the Tasks of Economic Construction (August 12)

479

(12)

The Capture of Ji'an (August 13)

491

(4)

Order of the Central Government on Rectifying the Work of the Commissariat for Finance (August 25)

495

(2)

On the Method of Selling Treasury Bonds (August 28)

497

(3)

On the Issuance of 3,000,000 Yuan in Economic Construction Bonds (August 28)

500

(2)

Unfold a Mass Movement to Support a National Currency (August 28)

502

(2)

A Preliminary Summing Up of the Land Investigation Movement (August)

504

(15)

Proletariat and Oppressed Peoples of the World, Unite! (August 30)

519

(3)

Telegram of Congratulations from the Central Government to the Opening Session of the International Conference Against Imperialism and War (August)

522

(2)

On Launching a Land Investigation Movement (September 1)

524

(3)

This Year's Elections (September 6)

527

(9)

Manifesto to the Workers, Peasants, and Toiling Popular Masses Throughout the World (September 6)

536

(5)

On Educational Work (September 15)

541

(3)

Correct Commandism in Selling Government Bonds (September 23)

544

(2)

How to Analyze Classes (October 10)

546

(4)

Decision Regarding Certain Questions in the Agrarian Struggle (October 10)

550

(18)

Order No. 49 of the Council of People's Commissars of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic (October 10)

568

(1)

Order Regarding Emergency Mobilization to Smash the Fifth "Encirclement and Suppression" (October 18)

569

(4)

Work Report to the Electorate by the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic on the Second Anniversary of Its Establishment (October 24)

573

(7)

Proclamation to the Popular Masses of the Whole Country About the "Direct Negotiations Between China and Japan" (November 11)

580

(4)

Investigation of Changgang Township (November 18)

584

(39)

Investigation of Caixi Township (November 26)

623

(18)

On the Problem of Deserters from the Red Army (December 15)

641

(2)

On Punishing Acts of Embezzlement and Waste (December 15)

643

(1)

The First Telegram from the Interim Central Government to the Fujian People's Revolutionary Government and the Nineteenth Route Army (December 20)

644

(5)

1934

649

(134)

Second Telegram from the Interim Central Government to the People's Revolutionary Government of Fujian and the People's Revolutionary Army (January 13)

649

(2)

Inscription on the Memorial to Red Army Martyrs (January 15)

651

(1)

To the Northeastern People's Revolutionary Army and Volunteer Army (January 22)

652

(2)

Solemn Opening Remarks (January 22)

654

(2)

Report of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the Chinese Soviet Republic to the Second National Soviet Congress (January 24-25)

656

(58)

Conclusions Regarding the Report of the Central Executive Committee (January 27)

714

(9)

Report on Emergency Mobilization (January 29)

723

(3)

Decision by the Central Executive of the Chinese Soviet Republic (January)

726

(1)

Closing Address at the Congress (February 1)

727

(2)

Notice No. 1 of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic (February 3)

729

(3)

Proclamation of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic Regarding the Fujian Incident (February 11)

732

(4)

Order "Central No. 5" of the Central Executive Committee (March 20)

736

(1)

How Should We Carry Out the Work of the Township Soviets? (April 10)

737

(15)

Proclamation by the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic in Support of the Struggles of the Striking Workers in the America-Asia Silk Factory in Shanghai (April 16)

752

(2)

Proclamation by the Central Government Regarding the May 1 Holiday of the Toilers (April)

754

(2)

Comrade Mao Zedong on the Plot of the Japanese Imperialists (April)

756

(3)

Proclamation by the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic on the Selling Out of North China by the Guomindang (June 19)

759

(5)

Letter from Mao Zedong and Zhu De to the Officers and Soldiers of the White Army (June)

764

(3)

Proclamation on the Northward March of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army to Fight Japan (July 15)

767

(5)

Six-Point Proposal by Zhu De and Mao Zedong to White Army Soldiers Regarding Guidelines for Resisting Japan (July)

772

(1)

Comrade Mao Zedong Discusses the Current Situation and the Red Army's Anti-Japanese Advance Party (July)

773

(5)

Order of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic (August 15)

778

(1)

Huichang

779

(4)

Appendix

783

(178)

1931

783

(50)

Regulations on Preferential Treatment for the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (November)

783

(3)

Resolution on Issuing Temporary Tax 1480 Regulations (November 28)

786

(1)

Temporary Tax Regulations (December 1)

787

(4)

Resolution on the Marriage Regulations (November 28)

791

(1)

Marriage Regulations (December 1)

792

(2)

Detailed Regulations Regarding the Elections in the Chinese Soviet Republic (November)

794

(6)

Labor Law (November)

800

(9)

Temporary Organizational Regulations for Local Soviet Governments (November)

809

(11)

Concerning the Election of Central Committe Members and People's Commissars at the First Congress (December 1)

820

(2)

Land Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic (December 1)

822

(4)

Resolution on Putting the Labor Law into Effect (December 20)

826

(1)

Detailed Regulations Regarding the Work of the Election Committees (December)

827

(3)

Temporary Financial Regulations of the Chinese Soviet Republic (December)

830

(3)

1932

833

(29)

Concerning the Right to Vote and to Be Elected of Those Workers and Peasants Who Once Jointed Counterrevolutionary Organizations (January 13)

833

(2)

Outline of the Organization of the State Political Security Bureau of the Chinese Soviet Republic (January 27)

835

(4)

Order No. 3 of the Central Executive Committee (February 1)

839

(1)

Temporary Regulations for the Organization of Military Tribunals (February 1)

840

(4)

Practical Methods for Carrying Out the Regulations on Preferntial Treatment for the Red Army (February 1)

844

(9)

Order No. 4 of the Central Executive Committee (June 9)

849

(1)

Temporary Organizational and Judicial Regulations of the Judicial Departments (June 9)

850

(5)

Temporary Outline of the Organization of Departments of Internal Affairs (June 20)

855

(8)

Regulations Regarding the Issuance of Short-Term "Revolutionary War" Bonds (June 25)

858

(1)

Amended Temporary Tax Regulations (July 15)

859

(3)

1933

862

(80)

Resolution of the Central Executive Committee on Redrawing Administrative Boundaries (July 21)

862

(2)

Resolution on Carrying Out the Redrawing of Administrative Boundaries (July 22)

864

(2)

Resolution of the Central Executive Committee on the Issuance of Economic Construction Bonds (July 22)

866

(2)

Regulations on the Issuance of Economic Construction Bonds (July 22)

868

(2)

Resolution of the Central Executive Committee on Putting into Effect the "Temporary Soviet Election Law" (August 9)

870

(1)

Temporary Soviet Election Law (August 9)

871

(8)

Temporary Agricultural Tax Regulations (September 18)

879

(3)

Labor Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic (October 15)

882

(15)

Resolution on the Promulgation of the New Labor Law (October 15)

897

(1)

Regulations on Punishment for Violations of the Labor Law (October 15)

898

(2)

Supplemental Regulations to the Temporary Rules on the Agricultural Tax (October 26)

900

(4)

Temporary Organizational Law for Local Soviets of the Chinese Soviet Republic (Draft) (December 12)

904

(38)

1934

942

(19)

Organic Law of the Central Soviet (February 17)

942

(6)

Temporary Regulations for Employing Auxiliary Labor (February 20)

948

(3)

Judicial Procedures (April 8)

951

(3)

Regulations for the Punishment of Counterrevolutionaries (April 8)

954

(4)

Marriage Law (April 8)

958

(3)

Bibliography

961

(4)

Index

965

(40)

About the Editors

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Mao's Road to Power: Revolutionary Writings, 1912-49: v. 4: The Rise and Fall of the Chinese Soviet Republic, 1931-34: Revolutionary Writings, 1912-49

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