Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 10th Edition [Rental Edition]

List of Symbols xix

1. Introduction 1

Learning Objectives 2

Summary 17

References 18

2. Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding 19

Learning Objectives 20

Atomic Structure 20

Atomic Bonding in Solids 30

Summary 45

Equation Summary 46

List of Symbols 46

Important Terms and Concepts 46

References 47

3. The Structure of Crystalline Solids 48

Learning Objectives 49

Crystal Structures 49

Crystallographic Points, Directions, and Planes 61

Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials 79

Summary 88

Equation Summary 90

List of Symbols 90

Important Terms and Concepts 91

References 91

4. Imperfections in Solids 92

Learning Objectives 93

Point Defects 93

Miscellaneous Imperfections 102

Microscopic Examination 110

Summary 118

Equation Summary 119

List of Symbols 120

Important Terms and Concepts 120

References 120

5. Diffusion 121

Learning Objectives 122

6. Mechanical Properties of Metals 142

Learning Objectives 143

Elastic Deformation 148

Plastic Deformation 154

Property Variability and Design/Safety Factors 171

Summary 177

Important Terms and Concepts 178

References 178

7. Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms 180

Learning Objectives 181

Dislocations and Plastic Deformation 181

Mechanisms of Strengthening in Metals 193

Recovery, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth 199

Summary 206

Equation Summary 208

List of Symbols 208

Important Terms and Concepts 208

References 208

8. Failure 209

Learning Objectives 210

Fracture 211

Fatigue 229

Creep 240

Summary 246

Equation Summary 248

List of Symbols 249

Important Terms and Concepts 249

References 249

9. Phase Diagrams 251

Learning Objectives 252

Definitions and Basic Concepts 252

Binary Phase Diagrams 256

The Iron–Carbon System 287

Elements 298

Summary 298

Equation Summary 300

List of Symbols 301

Important Terms and Concepts 301

References 302

10. Phase Transformations: Development of Microstructure and Alteration of Mechanical Properties 303

Learning Objectives 304

Phase Transformations 304

Microstructural and Property Changes in Iron–Carbon Alloys 317

Summary 344

Equation Summary 345

List of Symbols 346

Important Terms and Concepts 346

References 346

11. Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys 347

Learning Objectives 348

Types of Metal Alloys 349

Fabrication of Metals 373

Thermal Processing of Metals 382

Summary 401

Important Terms and Concepts 403

References 403

12. Structures and Properties of Ceramics 405

Learning Objectives 406

Ceramic Structures 406

Mechanical Properties 428

Summary 439

Equation Summary 440

List of Symbols 441

Important Terms and Concepts 441

References 441

13. Applications and Processing of Ceramics 442

Learning Objectives 443

Types and Applications of Ceramics 444

Fabrication and Processing of Ceramics 461

Summary 476

Important Terms and Concepts 478

References 478

14. Polymer Structures 479

Learning Objectives 480

Summary 507

Equation Summary 509

List of Symbols 509

Important Terms and Concepts 510

References 510

15. Characteristics, Applications, and Processing of Polymers 511

Learning Objectives 512

Mechanical Behavior of Polymers 512

Mechanisms of Deformation and for Strengthening of Polymers 522

Crystallization, Melting, and Glasstransition Phenomena in Polymers 530

Polymer Types 536

Polymer Synthesis and Processing 549

Summary 560

Equation Summary 562

List of Symbols 562

Important Terms and Concepts 563

References 563

16. Composites 564

Learning Objectives 565

Particle-Reinforced Composites 567

Fiber-Reinforced Composites 572

Structural Composites 595

Summary 602

Equation Summary 605

List of Symbols 606

Important Terms and Concepts 606

References 606

17. Corrosion and Degradation of Materials 607

Learning Objectives 608

Corrosion of Metals 609

Corrosion of Ceramic Materials 639

Degradation of Polymers 639

Summary 644

Equation Summary 646

List of Symbols 646

Important Terms and Concepts 647

References 647

18. Electrical Properties 648

Learning Objectives 649

Electrical Conduction 649

Semiconductivity 659

Electrical Conduction in Ionic Ceramics and in Polymers 679

Dielectric Behavior 681

Other Electrical Characteristics of Materials 689

Summary 692

Equation Summary 695

List of Symbols 696

Important Terms and Concepts 696

References 697

19. Thermal Properties 698

Learning Objectives 699

Summary 711

Equation Summary 712

List of Symbols 712

Important Terms and Concepts 713

References 713

20. Magnetic Properties 714

Learning Objectives 715

Summary 742

Equation Summary 744

List of Symbols 744

Important Terms and Concepts 745

References 745

21. Optical Properties 746

Learning Objectives 747

Basic Concepts 747

Optical Properties of Metals 751

Optical Properties of Nonmetals 752

Applications of Optical Phenomena 761

Summary 770

Equation Summary 772

List of Symbols 773

Important Terms and Concepts 773

References 774

22. Environmental, and Societal Issues in Materials Science and Engineering 775

Learning Objectives 776

Summary 786

References 786

Appendix A The International System of Units (SI) A-1

Appendix B Properties of Selected Engineering Materials A-3

B.1 Density A-3

B.2 Modulus of Elasticity A-6

B.3 Poisson’s Ratio A-10

B.4 Strength and Ductility A-11

B.5 Plane Strain Fracture Toughness A-16

B.6 Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion A-18

B.7 Thermal Conductivity A-21

B.8 Specific Heat A-24

B.9 Electrical Resistivity A-27

B.10 Metal Alloy Compositions A-30

Appendix C Costs and Relative Costs for Selected Engineering Materials A-32

Appendix D Repeat Unit Structures for Common Polymers A-37

Appendix E Glass Transition and Melting Temperatures for Common Polymeric Materials A-41

Glossary G-1

Index I-1

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