Medical Biochemistry at a Glance

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ISBN: 9780470654514 | 0470654511
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/13/2012

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Medical Biochemistry at a Glance is a concise, illustrated summary of biochemistry and its relevance to clinical medicine. It is intended for students of medicine and the biomedical sciences such as nutrition, biochemistry, sports science, medical laboratory sciences, physiotherapy, pharmacy, physiology, pharmacology and veterinary science. It also provides a succinct review and reference for medical practitioners and biomedical scientists who need quickly to refresh their knowledge of medical biochemistry. The book is designed as a revision guide for students preparing for examinations and contains topics that have been identified as high-yield facts for the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), Step 1. This third edition of Medical Biochemistry at a Glance has been thoroughly revised and updated to include a four colour presentation, updated and improved clinical correlates and a companion website containing self-assessment questions and answers.

Preface to the third edition	p. 7
Acknowledgements to the third edition	p. 7
Figure key	p. 8
SI/mass unit conversions	p. 9
Acids, bases and pH
Acids, bases and hydrogen ions (protons)	p. 10
Understanding pH	p. 12
Production and removal of protons into and from the blood	p. 14
Metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis	p. 16
Respiratory alkalosis and respiratory acidosis	p. 18
Structure of amino acids and proteins
Amino acids and the primary structure of proteins	p. 20
Secondary structure of proteins	p. 22
Tertiary and quaternary structure and collagen	p. 24
Formation of ATP: oxidation and reduction reactions
Oxidation/reduction reactions, coenzymes and prosthetic groups	p. 26
Anaerobic production of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, from phosphocreatine and by the adenylate kinase (myokinase) reaction	p. 28
Aerobic production of ATP	p. 30
Biosynthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation I	p. 32
Biosynthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation II	p. 34
What happens when protons or electrons leak from the respiratory chain?	p. 36
Free radicals, reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage	p. 38
Aerobic oxidation of glucose to provide energy as ATP	p. 40
Anaerobic oxidation of glucose by glycolysis to form ATP and lactate	p. 42
Anaerobic glycolysis in red blood cells, 2,3-BPG (2,3-DPG) and the Bohr effect	p. 44
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates	p. 46
Absorption of carbohydrates and metabolism of galactose	p. 48
Fate of glucose in liver: glycogenesis and lipogenesis	p. 50
Fructose metabolism	p. 52
Glucose homeostasis	p. 54
Glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin from ß-cells	p. 56
Regulation of glycogen metabolism	p. 58
Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) and glycogen storage diseases	p. 60
Insulin signal transduction and diabetes mellitus	p. 62
Diabetes mellitus	p. 64
Alcohol metabolism: hypoglycaemia, hyperlactataemia and steatosis	p. 66
Enzymes and regulation of pathways
Enzymes: nomenclature, kinetics and inhibitors	p. 68
Regulation of enzyme activity	p. 70
Regulation of glycolysis and Krebs cycle	p. 72
Oxidation of fatty acids to produce ATP in muscle and ketone bodies in liver	p. 74
Regulation of lipolysis, ß-oxidation, ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis	p. 76
Lipids and lipid metabolism
Structure of lipids	p. 78
Phospholipids I: phospholipids and sphingolipids	p. 80
Phospholipids II: micelles, liposomes, lipoproteins and membranes	p. 82
Metabolism of carbohydrate to cholesterol	p. 84
VLDL and LDL metabolism I: "forward" cholesterol transport	p. 86
VLDL and LDL metabolism II: endogenous triacylglycerol transport	p. 88
HDL metabolism: "reverse" cholesterol transport	p. 90
Absorption and disposal of dietary triacylglycerols and cholesterol by chylomicrons	p. 92
Steroid hormones: aldosterone, cortisol, androgens and oestrogens	p. 94
Metabolism of amino acids and porphyrins
Urea cycle and overview of amino acid catabolism	p. 96
Non-essential and essential amino acids	p. 98
Amino acid metabolism: to energy as ATP; to glucose and ketone bodies	p. 100
Amino acid disorders: maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, cystinuria, alkaptonuria and albinism	p. 102
Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism in health and disease	p. 104
Products of tryptophan and histidine metabolism	p. 106
Haem, bilirubin and porphyria	p. 108
Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins I: vitamins A and D	p. 110
Fat-soluble vitamins II: vitamins E and K	p. 112
Water-soluble vitamins I: thiamin, ribofl avin, niacin and pantothenate	p. 114
Water-soluble vitamins II: pyridoxal phosphate (B6)	p. 116
Water-soluble vitamins III: folate and vitamin B12	p. 118
Water-soluble vitamins IV: biotin and vitamin C	p. 120
Molecular biology
The cell cycle	p. 122
Pyrimidine metabolism	p. 124
Purine metabolism	p. 126
Structure of DNA	p. 128
The "central dogma" of molecular biology	p. 130
Organisation of DNA in chromosomes	p. 132
Replication of DNA (part 1)	p. 134
Replication of DNA (part 2)	p. 136
DNA damage and repair	p. 138
Transcription of DNA to make messenger RNA (part 1)	p. 140
Transcription of DNA to make messenger RNA (part 2)	p. 142
Transcription of DNA to make transfer RNA	p. 144
Transcription of DNA to make ribosomal RNA	p. 146
Translation and protein synthesis	p. 148
Comparison of DNA replication, DNA transcription and protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes	p. 150
Diagnostic clinical biochemistry
Diagnostic clinical biochemistry	p. 152
Index	p. 154
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Medical Biochemistry at a Glance

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