Medical Biofilms Detection, Prevention and

Biofilms are formed by microorganisms growing on surfaces and comprise a series of microcolonies interspersed with spaces through which fluids and other microorganisms move. In medicine, the primary problems are biofilms associated with implants: infections are increasingly difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics and removal of the implant often becomes essential, frequently leading to higher morbidity and mortality. * This will be the first book dedicated to medical biofilms. * It will cover much recent information on the problems of biofilms, how to detect them and how to control their presence.

Jana Jass is the editor of Medical Biofilms: Detection, Prevention and Control, published by Wiley.

Susanne Surman is the editor of Medical Biofilms: Detection, Prevention and Control, published by Wiley.

James Walker is the editor of Medical Biofilms: Detection, Prevention and Control, published by Wiley.

Contributors

xi

Preface

xiii

Glossary

xv

Microbial Biofilms in Medicine

1

(28)

J. Jass

S. Surman

J. T. Walker

Introduction

1

(1)

A biofilm definition

2

(1)

Biofilm structure and phenotype

3

(3)

Properties of a biofilm

6

(6)

Biofilm formation

12

(5)

Mixed-culture biofilms

17

(2)

Clinical biofilms

19

(10)

Biofilms Associated with Medical Devices and Implants

29

(68)

Problems of Biofilms Associated with Medical Devices and Implants

31

(20)

R. M. Donlan

Introduction

31

(1)

Incidence and types of device-related infection

32

(2)

Indwelling medical devices that may develop biofilms

34

(8)

Relating biofilm formation on medical devices to disease

42

(2)

Effect of biofilms on medical device operation

44

(1)

Conclusions

45

(6)

Pathogenesis and Detection of Biofilm Formation, on Medical Implants

51

(22)

C. von Eiff

G. Peters

Introduction

51

(1)

Mechanisms of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of polymer-associated infections

52

(5)

Conventional microbiological diagnosis and detection of bacteria embedded in biofilms in polymer-associated infections

57

(5)

Detection of bacterial adherence and biofilm

62

(11)

Control of Biofilms Associated With Implanted Medical Devices

73

(24)

P. Gilbert

A. J. McBain

A. H. Rickard

S. R. Schooling

Introduction

73

(1)

Resistance of biofilms to antimicrobial agents and antibiotics

74

(5)

Current treatment of device-associated infections

79

(1)

Current approaches of prevention of device-associated infections

80

(4)

Future developments to improve antibiotic treatment of device-associated infections

84

(2)

Development of novel anti-biofilm agents

86

(2)

Conclusions

88

(9)

Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Tissue Surfaces

97

(76)

Biofilm-related Infections on Tissue Surfaces

99

(26)

S. N. Wai

Y. Mizunoe

J. Jass

Introduction

99

(3)

Respiratory tract

102

(4)

Gastrointestinal tract

106

(3)

Urinary and genital tract

109

(3)

Biofilms of the locomotive system---osteomyelitis

112

(3)

Infective endocarditis: biofilm of the cardiovascular system

115

(2)

Summary

117

(8)

Interaction of Biofilms with Tissues

125

(24)

M. E. Olson

H. Ceri

D. W. Morck

Introduction

125

(1)

Biofilm formation on tissue surfaces

126

(1)

Host elimination of bacteria

127

(5)

Examples of biofilm tissue infections

132

(13)

Conclusions

145

(4)

Control of Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Tissue Surfaces

149

(24)

G. Reid

J. Watterson

P. Cadieux

J. Denstedt

Introduction

149

(1)

Gut and urogenital tract

149

(8)

Wounds

157

(8)

Summary

165

(8)

Dental Plaque and Bacterial Colonization of Dental Materials

173

(82)

Dental Plaque and Bacterial Colonization

175

(24)

D. Spratt

Introduction

175

(1)

Initial colonization of the mouth

175

(2)

Colonization of tooth surfaces

177

(15)

Colonization of epithelial surfaces in the mouth

192

(7)

Detection of Microorganisms in Dental Plaque

199

(22)

D. Dymock

Introduction

199

(1)

Early indications of bacterial diversity in dental plaque

199

(2)

Macroscopic detection of dental plaque

201

(1)

Culture of oral microorganisms

202

(1)

Molecular detection and enumeration of microorganisms

203

(6)

Checkerboard analyses of periodontal treatment regimes

209

(1)

PCR and understanding of plaque ecology

210

(6)

Conclusions

216

(5)

Control of Dental Plaque

221

(34)

R. Sammons

Why should we control oral biofilms?

221

(1)

Potential routes to the control of oral biofilms

222

(1)

Mechanical control of supragingival plaque

222

(8)

Chemical methods of plaque control

230

(10)

Alternative methods for controlling plaque

240

(2)

Controlling plaque on restorative materials

242

(2)

Controlling plaque by modification of the material surface to prevent adhesion

244

(1)

Discussion and future prospects

245

(10)

Biofilms Past, Present and Future---New Methods and Control Strategies in Medicine

255

(24)

J. T. Walker

S. Surman

J. Jass

Biofilms---the past

255

(3)

Biofilm control---the present

258

(8)

Biofilm research---the future

266

(3)

Summary

269

(10)

Index

279

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Medical Biofilms Detection, Prevention and Control

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials