Microelectronics 2nd Edition

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ISBN: 9780849333910 | 0849333911
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/9/2005

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When it comes to electronics, demand grows as technology shrinks. From consumer and industrial markets to military and aerospace applications, the call is for more functionality in smaller and smaller devices. Culled from the second edition of the best-selling Electronics Handbook, Microelectronics, Second Edition presents a summary of the current state of microelectronics and its innovative directions.This book focuses on the materials, devices, and applications of microelectronics technology. It details the IC design process and VLSI circuits, including gate arrays, programmable logic devices and arrays, parasitic capacitance, and transmission line delays. Coverage ranges from thermal properties and semiconductor materials to MOSFETs, digital logic families, memory devices, microprocessors, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters, digital filters, and multichip module technology. Expert contributors discuss applications in machine vision, ad hoc networks, printing technologies, and data and optical storage systems. The book also includes defining terms, references, and suggestions for further reading. This edition features two new sections on fundamental properties and semiconductor devices.With updated material and references in every chapter, Microelectronics, Second Edition is an essential reference for work with microelectronics, electronics, circuits, systems, semiconductors, logic design, and microprocessors.

Semiconductor Materials

(1)

Stuart K. Tewksbury

Introduction

(1)

Crystalline Structures

(4)

Basic Semiconductor Materials Groups

Three-Dimensional Crystal Lattice

Crystal Directions and Planes

Energy Bands and Related Semiconductor Parameters

(8)

Conduction and Valence Band

Direct Gap and Indirect Gap Semiconductors

Effective Masses of Carriers

Intrinsic Carrier Densities

Substitutional Dopants

Carrier Transport

(4)

Low Field Mobilities

Saturated Carrier Velocities

Crystalline Defects

(3)

Point Defects

Line Defects

Stacking Faults and Grain Boundaries

Unintentional Impurities

Surface Defects: The Reconstructed Surface

Summary

Thermal Properties

(1)

David F. Besch

Introduction

(1)

Fundamentals of Heat

(3)

Temperature

Heat Capacity

Specific Heat

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Expansion

Solids

Liquids

Gases

Other Material Properties

(1)

Insulators

Dielectric Constant

Resistivity

Semiconductors

Conductors

Melting Point

Engineering Data

Temperature Coefficient of Capacitance

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Temperature Compensation

Semiconductors

(1)

Sidney Soclof

Introduction

(1)

Semiconductors

Diodes

Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor

(1)

John R. Brews

Introduction

(2)

Current-Voltage Characteristics

(1)

Strong-Inversion Characteristics

Subthreshold Characteristics

Important Device Parameters

(6)

Threshold Voltage

Driving Ability and ID, sat

Transconductance

Output Resistance and Drain Conductance

Limitations on Miniaturization

Subthreshold Control

Hot-Electron Effects

Thin Oxides

Dopant-Ion Control

Other Limitations

Integrated Circuits

(1)

Tom Chen

Introduction

(1)

High-Speed Design Techniques

(1)

Optimization of Gate Level Design

Clocks and Clock Schemes in High-Speed Circuit Design

Asynchronous Circuits and Systems

Interconnect Parasitics and Their Impact on High-Speed Design

Integrated Circuit Design

(1)

Samuel O. Agbo

Eugene D. Fabricius

Introduction

(1)

An Overview of the IC Design Process

(1)

General Considerations in IC Design

(4)

Device Scaling

Geometric Design Rules

Design of Small-Scale and Medium-Scale Integrated Circuits

(6)

NMOS Inverters

NMOS Gates

CMOS Inverters

CMOS Gates

Bipolar Gates

Medium-Scale Integrated Circuits

LSI and VLSI Circuit Design

(2)

Multiphase Clocking

Increasing Packing Density and Reducing Power Dissipation in MOS Circuits

(1)

Gate Arrays

(1)

Standard Cells

(1)

Programmable Logic Devices

(3)

Programmable Logic Array

Reducing Propagation Delays

(3)

Resistance-Capacitance (RC) Delay Lines

Superbuffers

Output Buffers

Digital Logic Families

(1)

Robert J. Feugate, Jr.

Introduction

(1)

Transistor-Transistor Logic

(4)

CMOS Logic

(4)

Emitter-Coupled Logic

(3)

Gallium Arsenide

Programmable Logic

Programmable Array Logic

Programmable Logic Arrays

Memory Devices

(1)

Shih-Lien Lu

Introduction

(1)

Memory Organization

(3)

Memory Hierarchy

System Level Memory Organization

Memory Device Organization

Memory Device Types

(10)

Read-Only Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Special Memory Structures

Interfacing Memory Devices

(5)

Accessing DRAMs

Refreshing the DRAM

Error Detection and Correction

Microprocessors

(1)

James G. Cottle

Introduction

(1)

Architecture Basics

(1)

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) Processors

Logical Similarity

Short Chronology of Microprocessor Development

The Intel Family of Microprocessors

The Motorola Family of Microprocessors

RISC Processor Development

D/A and A/D Converters

(1)

Susan A. Garrod

Introduction

(1)

D/A and A/D Circuits

(1)

D/A and A/D Converter Performance Criteria

D/A Conversion Processes

D/A Converter ICs

A/D Conversion Processes

A/D Converter ICs

Grounding and Bypassing on D/A and A/D ICs

Selection Criteria for D/A and A/D Converter ICs

Application-Specific Integrated Circuits

(1)

Constantine N. Anagnostopoulos

Paul P.K. Lee

Introduction

(1)

Full Custom ASICs

(1)

Semicustom ASICs

Gate Arrays

Standard Cells

Functional Blocks

Analog Arrays

Digital Filters

(1)

Jonathon A. Chambers

Sawasd Tantaratana

Bruce W. Bomar

Introduction

(1)

FIR Filters

(6)

Fundamentals

Structures

Design Techniques

Multirate and Adaptive FIR Filters

Applications

Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters

(9)

Realizations

IIR Filter Design

Analog Filters

Design Using Bilinear Transformations

Finite Wordlength Effects

Number Representation

Fixed-Point Quantization Errors

Floating-Point Quantization Errors

Roundoff Noise

Limit Cycles

Overflow Oscillations

Coefficient Quantization Error

Realization Considerations

Multichip Module Technology

(1)

Paul D. Franzon

Introduction

(1)

Multichip Module Technology Definitions

(7)

Design, Repair, and Test

(2)

When to Use Multichip Modules

(1)

Issues in the Design of Multichip Modules

Testing of Integrated Circuits

(1)

Wayne Needham

Introduction

(1)

Defect Types

(2)

Traditional Faults and Fault Models

Concepts of Test

(5)

Types of Test

Test Methods

External Stored Response Testing

BIST

Scan

IDDQ

Test Tradeoffs

Tradeoffs of Volume and Testability

Semiconductor Failure Modes

(1)

Victor Meeldijk

Discrete Semiconductor Failure Modes

(4)

Integrated Circuit Failure Modes

(2)

Hybrid Microcircuits and Failures

(1)

Memory IC Failure Modes

(1)

IC Packages and Failures

(4)

Lead Finish

(1)

Screening and Rescreening Tests

(1)

Electrostatic Discharge Effects

Fundamental Computer Architecture

(1)

Joy S. Shetler

Introduction

(1)

Defining a Computer Architecture

(1)

Single Processor Systems

(4)

Multiple Processor Systems

(1)

Memory Hierarchy

(1)

Implementation Considerations

Packaging Considerations

Technology Considerations

Wafer Scale Integration (WSI)

Multichip Modules (MCMs)

Software Design and Development

(1)

Margaret H. Hamilton

Introduction

(1)

The Notion of Software

(3)

The Nature of Software Engineering

(4)

A New Approach

(1)

Apollo On-Board Flight Software Effort: Lessons Learned

(2)

Development Before the Fact

(3)

Development Before the Fact Theory

(1)

Process

(2)

Select the Right Paradigm and then Automate

Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems

(1)

Bogdan M. Wilamowski

Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems

(1)

Neuron cell

(2)

Feedforward Neural Networks

(2)

Learning Algorithms for Neural Networks

(6)

Hebbian Learning Rule

Correlation Learning Rule

Instar Learning Rule

Winner Takes All (WTA)

Outstar Learning Rule

Widrow-Hoff LMS Learning Rule

Linear Regression

Delta Learning Rule

Error Backpropagation Learning

Special Feedforward Networks

(5)

Functional Link Network

Cascade Correlation Architecture

Recurrent Neural Networks

(2)

Hopfield Network

Autoassociative Memory

Bidirectional Associative Memories (BAM)

Fuzzy Systems

(3)

Fuzzification

Rule Evaluation

Defuzzification

Design Example

(1)

Genetic Algorithms

Coding and Initialization

Selection and Reproduction

Reproduction

Mutation

Machine Vision

(1)

David A. Kosiba

Rangachar Kasturi

Introduction

(2)

Relationship to Other Fields

Fundamentals of Vision

Image Formation

(4)

Imaging Geometry

Image Intensity

Sampling and Quantization

Color Vision

Range Imaging

Structured Lighting

Active Vision

Segmentation

Edge-Based Segmentation

Region-Based Segmentation

Other Segmentation Methods

Feature Extraction and Matching

(1)

Representation and Description

Feature Extraction

Matching

Three-Dimensional Object Recognition

(1)

Recognition System Components

Object Representation Schemes

Dynamic Vision

(1)

Change Detection

Optical Flow

Segmentation Using a Moving Camera

Applications

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Document Image Analysis

Medical Image Analysis

Photogrammetry and Aerial Image Analysis

Industrial Inspection and Robotics

Autonomous Navigation

Visual Information Management Systems

A Brief Survey of Speech Enhancement

(1)

Yariv Ephraim

Hanoch Lev-Ari

William J.J. Roberts

Introduction

(1)

The Signal Subspace Approach

(3)

Short-Term Spectral Estimation

(1)

Multiple State Speech Model

(1)

Second-Order Statistics Estimation

(2)

Concluding Remarks

Ad Hoc Networks

(1)

Michel D. Yacoub

Paulo Cardieri

Elvio Joao Leonardo

Alvaro Augusto Machado Medeiros

Introduction

(1)

Routing Algorithms

(5)

Proactive Algorithms

Reactive Algorithms

Hybrid Algorithms

Medium Access Protocols

(7)

Protocols Categories

Industry Standard Protocols

Other Protocols

Comments

TCP over Ad Hoc Networks

(3)

Physical Layer Impact

MAC Layer Impact

Mobility Impact

Main TCP Schemes Proposals for Ad Hoc Networks

Capacity of Ad Hoc Networks

Case Studies on Capacity of Ad Hoc Networks

Increasing the Capacity of Ad Hoc Networks

Network Communication

(1)

James E. Goldman

General Principles of Network Analysis and Design

(4)

Use of Top-Down Business Oriented Approach

Use of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

Differentiation Among Major Categories of Networking

Personal Remote Connectivity

(1)

Applications

Local Area Networks

(10)

LAN Applications

Local Communication

Local Area Network Hardware

Wiring Centers Technology Analysis

Internetworking

(7)

Applications: What Can Internetworking Do for You?

Internetworking Technology

Wide Area Networks

Applications

Printing Technologies and Systems

(1)

John D. Meyer

Introduction

(2)

Resolution and Addressability

Grayscale

Dot Microstructure

Printing Technologies

(1)

Nonimpact Printing Technologies

(7)

Ink Jet

Continuous Ink Jet

Drop On Demand (DOD) Ink Jet

Thermal Ink Jet/Bubble Jet DOD Printers

Piezoelectric DOD Printers

Grayscale Methods for DOD Ink Jet Printers

Ink and Paper for Ink Jet Devices

Thermal Printing Technologies

(2)

Direct Thermal

Direct Thermal Transfer

Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer

Resistive Ribbon Thermal Transfer

Electrophotographic Printing Technology

(2)

Printing Process Steps

Dot Microstructure

Magnetographic and Ionographic Technologies

(1)

System Issues

Color Management

Data Storage Systems

(1)

Jerry C. Whitaker

Introduction

(1)

Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAID) Systems

(1)

RAID Elements

RAID Levels

Optical Storage Systems

(1)

Praveen Asthana

Introduction

(1)

The Optical Head

(7)

The Servosystem

Optical Recording and Read Channel

Phase-Change Recording

Worm Technology

(1)

Magneto-Optic Technology

(2)

Compact Disk-Recordable (CD-R)

(2)

Recording Modes of CD-R

Optical Disk Systems

Disks

Automated Optical Storage Systems

Future Technology and Improvements in Optical Storage

Error Correction

(8)

Fabrizio Pollara

Background

(1)

Introduction

(1)

The Development of Error Correction Codes

(1)

Code Families

(1)

Linear Block Codes

(2)

Convolutional Codes

(3)

Trellis Coded Modulation

(1)

Applications

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Microelectronics 2nd Edition

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials