A Mobile Century?: Changes in Everyday

Although there is a large volume of literature on contemporary mobility and associated transport problems, there are no comprehensive studies of the ways in which these trends have changed over time. This book provides a detailed empirical analysis of mobility change in Britain over the twentieth century.

List of Figures

ix

List of Tables

xi

List of Text Boxes

xiii

Preface

xv

Acknowledgements

xvii

1 The Significance of Travel and Mobility

1

(12)

Introduction

1

(1)

What is Mobility?

2

(3)

The Dimensions of Everyday Mobility

5

(4)

The Significance of Mobility

9

(2)

Structure of the Book

11

(2)

2 Mobility and Society

13

(22)

Introduction

13

(1)

Six Discourses of Mobility

14

(4)

Mobility and the Transport Infrastructure

18

(15)

Lancaster and Morecambe

24

(1)

Manchester and Salford

25

(2)

Glasgow

27

(3)

London

30

(3)

Conclusion: Mobility and Meaning

33

(2)

3 Reconstructing Mobilities

35

(16)

Introduction: What Do we Need to Know?

35

(1)

What Data are Available and What Do They Tell Us?

36

(4)

The Journey to Work Since 1890

40

(2)

Everyday Mobility Since the 1940's in Manchester/Salford and Lancaster/Morecambe

42

(4)

Problems of Data Analysis and Interpretation

46

(2)

Conclusions: Space, Time and Mobility

48

(3)

4 Changes in Everyday Mobility: An Overview

51

(32)

Introduction

51

(1)

Everyday Mobility in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

51

(6)

Everyday Mobility in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: Evidence from the National Travel Survey

57

(5)

Everyday Mobility in Manchester/Salford and Lancaster/Morecambe: An Overview

62

(19)

The Changing Relationship Between Mobility and Migration

81

(1)

Conclusions

82

(1)

5 Travelling to School

83

(28)

Introduction: The Changing Significance of School Travel

83

(2)

The Journey to School Since 1900: Key Issues and Trends

85

(2)

Travel to School Since the 1940's for Children Aged 10/11

87

(11)

Travel to School or College Since the 1940's for Adolescents Aged 17/18

98

(11)

Conclusions

109

(2)

6 Travelling to Work

111

(28)

Introduction

111

(2)

Changes in the Journey to Work in the Twentieth Century: Distance and Time

113

(3)

Changes in the Journey to Work in the Twentieth Century: Transport Modes

116

(3)

Modal Choice and the Journey to Work

119

(12)

Walking to Work

121

(2)

Commuting by Bicycle

123

(2)

Travelling to Work by Public Transport

125

(3)

Commuting by Car

128

(3)

A Closer Look at Gender Differences in the Journey to Work

131

(3)

Changes in the Journey to Work Since the 1970's

134

(3)

Conclusions

137

(2)

7 Travel for Leisure and Pleasure: Children Playing and Hanging Around

139

(24)

Introduction

139

(3)

Changes in Independent Play by Children Aged 10/11

142

(15)

Hanging Around in Town: Adolescents Aged 17/18

157

(6)

8 Travel for Leisure and Pleasure: Entertainment, Sport, Shopping and Holidays

163

(18)

Travel for Entertainment

163

(4)

Travel for Sporting Activities

167

(3)

Travelling to Shop

170

(3)

Day Trips, Outings and Holidays

173

(7)

Conclusion

180

(1)

9 Mobility, Family and the Life Course

181

(22)

Introduction

181

(1)

Mobility and the Family

182

(4)

Mobility and the Life Course

186

(14)

Conclusions

200

(3)

10 Transport Policies, Technologies and the Experience of Everyday Mobility

203

(20)

Introduction

203

(1)

Trams, Trolley Buses and Motor Vehicles in Glasgow and Manchester

204

(7)

Travellers' Reactions to Different Forms of Intra-urban Transport

211

(10)

Conclusions

221

(2)

11 The Lessons of History: Mobility Change and Contemporary Transport Policy

223

(10)

Introduction

223

(1)

Lessons from the Past

223

(3)

Implications for Transport Policy

226

(5)

Conclusions

231

(2)

Bibliography

233

(12)

Index

245

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A Mobile Century?: Changes in Everyday Mobility in Britain in the Twentieth Century

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials