Modern Radio Production Production, Programming, and Performance

, by Hausman, Carl; Benoit, Philip; O’Donnell, Lewis B.

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ISBN: 9780534561062 | 0534561063
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/22/1999

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This text presents a current, comprehensive look at radio production and programming, integrating new material on cutting-edge technologies with explanation of traditional equipment and practices.

Preface	p. xvi
Foreword	p. xviii
The Tools	p. 1
Production in Modern Radio	p. 2
Sound of the Station	p. 4
Formats	p. 4
Reaching a Specific Audience	p. 4
How Target Audiences Affect Format	p. 5
How Formats Are Constructed	p. 6
Networks	p. 7
Other Programming Developments in Radio	p. 8
Noncommercial Radio	p. 8
Tuning into Technology: Web Radio	p. 9
Economics of Noncommercial Radio	p. 12
Industry Update: Digital Becomes the Workhorse of Radio...But Don't Throw Away the Old Stuff Just Yet	p. 14
The Role of the Producer in Modern Radio	p. 17
Summary	p. 20
You're On! Techniques for Effective On-Air Performance: The Role of the Announcer in Modern Radio	p. 21
The Console	p. 25
Function of the Console	p. 25
Amplification	p. 26
Routing	p. 26
Mixing	p. 26
Understanding Console Function: Some Hypothetical Examples	p. 26
Understanding Console Function: Actual Consoles	p. 39
Operation of the Console	p. 42
The Virtual Console	p. 43
Submixing	p. 45
Patching	p. 46
A Final Look at Two Broadcast Consoles	p. 47
CO Players and Turntables	p. 53
Compact Discs	p. 54
Tuning into Technology: How a CD Stores Binary Information	p. 56
Structure of a Turntable	p. 60
The Plate	p. 60
The Switch	p. 60
The Speed Control	p. 60
The Drive Mechanism	p. 62
The Tonearm	p. 63
The Disc	p. 63
Handling Discs	p. 63
Cueing a Disc	p. 65
Review of Turntable Operation	p. 60
Tape Recording and Playback Units	p. 73
Magnetic Tape	p. 73
Workings of the Reel-to-Reel Tape Machine	p. 74
The Heads	p. 76
The Tape Transport Mechanism	p. 77
Tape Machine Controls and Indicators	p. 77
Cueing a Tape	p. 78
Heads and Tracks	p. 79
How Tracks Work	p. 79
Why There Are Different Head Mechanisms	p. 79
Cassette Machines	p. 81
Cartridge Machines	p. 81
The Digital Cart Machine	p. 85
Special Problems Associated with Cartridge Machines	p. 86
Sound over Sound	p. 86
Recueing	p. 86
Wowing	p. 86
Other Features of Cart Machines	p. 86
Relation of Record Units to the Console	p. 88
Digital Processing	p. 88
Digital Audiotape	p. 90
Tapeless Recording	p. 92
Microphones and Sound	p. 95
The Basics of Sound	p. 95
The Elements of Sound	p. 96
The Nature of Sound: Frequency	p. 98
The Nature of Sound: Amplitude	p. 99
Other Characteristics of Sound	p. 100
The Microphone: How It Works	p. 103
Electronics of the Microphone	p. 103
Condenser	p. 103
Pickup (Polar) Patterns of the Microphone	p. 105
Frequency Response of Microphones	p. 109
Physical Types of Microphones	p. 111
Hand-Held	p. 111
Studio, Mounted	p. 111
Headset	p. 113
Lavalier	p. 113
Shotgun	p. 113
Microphone Selection and Use	p. 114
Selection by Mic Type	p. 114
Selection by Pickup Pattern	p. 114
Selection by Element	p. 115
Selection by Frequency Response	p. 115
Selection by Personality	p. 116
Adding Up Selection Factors	p. 116
The Techniques	p. 125
Physical and Electronic Editing	p. 126
The Basics of Splicing and Dubbing	p. 127
Splicing	p. 127
Marking the First Edit Point	p. 127
Marking the Second Edit Point	p. 128
Cutting the Tape	p. 129
Making the Splice	p. 131
Leader Tape	p. 133
Dubbing	p. 134
Problems Associated with Dubbing	p. 134
Advantages of Dubbing	p. 135
Computer-Assisted Editing	p. 135
Editing	p. 137
Establish Music, Music Under, Voice Up	p. 143
Cross-Fade	p. 144
Voice Out, Music Up	p. 144
Music Wrap	p. 144
Voice Wrap	p. 144
Using Editing and Production Structures	p. 145
Recorded Program Production	p. 149
Recorded versus Live, On-Air Production	p. 149
Complexity	p. 149
Scheduled Airtime	p. 150
Convenience	p. 150
Layout of a Production Studio	p. 150
Equipment in the Production Studio	p. 152
Sound Treatment in the Production Studio	p. 152
Working in a Production Studio	p. 153
Music	p. 154
Sources of Music	p. 154
Choosing Music for Production Work	p. 155
Styles of Music	p. 155
Recorded Voice	p. 157
Miking Multiple Speakers	p. 157
Communicating with Speakers	p. 160
Sound Effects	p. 162
Combining Elements in Production	p. 162
Live, On-Air Production	p. 167
Typical Airshift	p. 167
Duties of the On-Air Producer	p. 168
Typical Schedule	p. 171
Sound of the Station	p. 171
Pace	p. 171
Content	p. 171
Announcing Style	p. 171
Blending the Sound Sources	p. 174
Suggestions for Live, On-Air Production	p. 174
Console Operation	p. 174
Establishing a Routine	p. 174
Planning in Advance	p. 176
Being Aware of False Endings	p. 176
Recueing Carts	p. 176
Listening to the Air Monitor	p. 177
Clearing Equipment	p. 177
Planning for the Worst	p. 177
Working with Satellite Services	p. 177
The Satellite Feed	p. 178
Programming from Satellite	p. 178
How to Use Service Material	p. 179
More About the Computer in Radio Production	p. 185
Computer Basics	p. 185
Computer-Generated Effects	p. 187
Computer-Assisted Editing	p. 190
Computer Applications in On-Air Production	p. 196
Computers in Automation	p. 197
Computers in the Programming Function	p. 201
Digital Audio Broadcasting	p. 202
The Applications	p. 205
Achieving an Effect	p. 206
What Is an Effect?	p. 206
Kinds of Effect	p. 207
How Production Elements Support a Theme	p. 207
Creating Excitement	p. 208
Creating Immediate Identification	p. 208
Evoking an Emotion	p. 208
How a Producer Utilizes Production Elements	p. 209
Music	p. 209
Sound Effects	p. 211
Coloration of Sound	p. 212
Timing and Pace	p. 212
Voice Quality	p. 213
Sound of Words	p. 217
Copywriting	p. 217
Using Elements of Sound to Achieve an Effect	p. 218
Putting Voice on Tape	p. 218
Recording Music on Tape	p. 218
Drama and Dramatic Elements in Radio Production	p. 223
The Structure of Drama	p. 223
Action	p. 224
Dialogue	p. 224
Plot	p. 224
Beginning, Middle, and End	p. 224
Conflict	p. 224
Suspense	p. 224
Exposition	p. 225
Role of Dramatic Elements in Commercial Production	p. 225
Capturing Attention	p. 225
Compressing Time	p. 226
Role of Dramatic Elements in News Production	p. 228
Technical Considerations of Radio Drama	p. 228
Giving the Illusion of Place	p. 228
Giving the Illusion of Movement	p. 229
Making the Background a Fabric of Believability	p. 229
Mic Techniques to Achieve Illusions of Place and Movement	p. 229
Commercial Production	p. 233
What Makes a Commercial Effective?	p. 234
Elements of Effective Radio Advertising	p. 235
A Shoe Store Advertisement	p. 236
A Car Dealership Advertisement	p. 237
Practical Approaches to Radio Commercials	p. 238
Advertising Appeals	p. 238
Execution of Radio Commercials	p. 240
Suggestions for Producing Effective Commercials	p. 244
Avoid Gimmicks	p. 244
Summarize the Thrust	p. 244
Don't Blast the Listener	p. 244
Read the Spot to the Client	p. 245
Don't Force Humor	p. 245
Achieve High Technical Quality	p. 245
Don't Overuse a Particular Piece of Music	p. 245
Keep the Message Simple	p. 246
Avoid the "Big Five"	p. 246
Production Applications in Station Promotion	p. 246
Radio Production for News and Public Affairs	p. 253
News Gathering	p. 254
News Writing	p. 255
News Assembly	p. 271
Choosing Stories and Story Order	p. 271
Choosing Sound Elements	p. 271
News Reading and Reporting	p. 271
News and Public-Affairs Programming	p. 272
Newscasts	p. 272
Exclusively Local News	p. 273
Local News with Wire Copy	p. 273
News with Wire Copy and Network Audio	p. 278
Talk Shows	p. 278
Special Events	p. 280
Production Techniques for News and Public Affairs	p. 280
Interviewing	p. 280
Story and Actuality Editing	p. 281
Using Sound Sources in Radio News Production	p. 281
Using the Telephone to Maximum Benefit	p. 281
Adding Production Elements to Public-Service Announcements	p. 283
Using Modern News-Gathering Technology	p. 283
Making the Newscast a Cohesive, Unified Whole	p. 284
Remote and Sports Production	p. 299
Remote Radio Equipment	p. 300
Tuning Into Technology: Getting the Signal from There to Here	p. 301
Telephone Lines	p. 302
Other Equipment	p. 303
Planning the Remote	p. 305
Preparing the Site	p. 305
Preparing the Equipment	p. 306
Preparing a Communication System	p. 307
The Sports Remote	p. 307
Baseball	p. 308
Hockey	p. 308
Football	p. 308
Basketball	p. 308
Field Sports	p. 309
Boxing	p. 309
Advanced Radio Production	p. 313
Multichannel Recording	p. 313
Input Modules	p. 315
Output Buses	p. 317
Monitor Controls	p. 317
Further Note About Multichannel Consoles	p. 317
Role of Multitrack Recording	p. 317
Stereo	p. 320
Recording Music	p. 320
Total-Sound Recording Microphone Techniques	p. 321
Isolated-Component Recording	p. 323
Electronic Equipment and Its Use in Radio Production	p. 324
Equipment	p. 325
Techniques	p. 328
Production, Programming, and the Modern Format	p. 331
The Audience and the Format	p. 331
The Audience	p. 332
Methods of Measuring Audience	p. 333
Calculating How Efficiently a Station Reaches Its Audience	p. 335
Paying for Efficiency	p. 336
The Specifics of the Radio Format	p. 338
Defining Current Formats	p. 338
Filling the Niche: Today's Trends	p. 341
On-Air and Off-Air Production in the Modern Format	p. 343
Production and Tune-Out	p. 344
Production for Adult Contemporary	p. 345
Production for News/Talk	p. 346
Production for Country	p. 347
Production for Top 40/CHR	p. 348
Production for Urban/Churban	p. 348
Production for Album Rock	p. 349
Production for Easy Listening	p. 349
Putting a Format on Air	p. 350
The Format and the Sound Hour	p. 350
Constructing the Playlist	p. 351
Troubleshooting Chart	p. 357
Another Time: A Play by Richard Wilson	p. 361
A Capsule History of Radio: Past Meets Future for the Modern Producer and Programmer	p. 371
The Beginnings of the Magic Medium	p. 371
Radio Finds a Voice	p. 372
Radio After World War I	p. 374
Radio Carries a Tune	p. 374
Radio After KDKA: The Coming Chaos	p. 376
ATandT Develops Toll Broadcasting	p. 377
Exit ATandT	p. 378
Development of the Networks	p. 378
NBC and CBS	p. 379
New Competitors Set Their Sights on NBC	p. 379
Paley Takes Over CBS	p. 379
Advertising Comes of Age	p. 380
The Golden Age and Mass Entertainment	p. 380
Sidebar: David Sarnoff and William S. Paley	p. 381
Radio Comes of Age	p. 384
Television Lowers the Boom	p. 387
Rock Saves Radio	p. 388
Radio Tunes into Its Audience	p. 389
Glossary	p. 391
Suggested Readings	p. 403
Index	p. 407
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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Modern Radio Production Production, Programming, and Performance

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials