Modern Radio Production Production, Programming, and Performance (with InfoTrac)

, by Hausman, Carl; Benoit, Philip; Messere, Frank; O’Donnell, Lewis B.

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ISBN: 9780534563967 | 0534563961
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/17/2003

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Preface. Foreword. Part One: THE TOOLS. 1. Production in Modern Radio. 2. The Console. 3. CD Players, Recordable CDs and Turntables. 4. Recording and Playback Devices. 5. Microphones and Sound. Part Two: THE TECHNIQUES. 6. Electronic and Physical Editing. 7. Recorded Program Production. 8. Live, On-Air Production. 9. More About the Computer in Radio Production. Part Three: THE APPLICATIONS. 10. Achieving an Effect. 11. Drama and Dramatic Elements in Radio Production. 12. Commercial Production. 13. Radio Production for News and Public Affairs. 14. Remote and Sports Production. 15. Advanced Radio Production. 16. Production, Programming, and the Modern Format. Appendix A: Another Time: A Play by Richard Wilson. Appendix B: A Capsule History of Radio: Past Meets Future for the Modern.

Preface

xviii

Foreword

xxi

Part One The Tools

(126)

Production in Modern Radio

(20)

Sound of the Station

(1)

Formats

(3)

Reaching a Specific Audience

(1)

How Target Audiences Affect Format

(1)

How Formats Are Constructed

(1)

Networks

(1)

Other Programming Developments in Radio

(1)

Noncommercial Radio

(3)

Tuning into Technology: Web Radio

(2)

Economics of Noncommercial Radio

(4)

Industry Update: Satellite Radio Goes Coast-to-Coast

(2)

The Role of the Producer in Modern Radio

(3)

Summary

(4)

You're On! Techniques for Effective On-Air Performance: The Role of the Announcer in Modern Radio

(3)

The Console

(29)

Function of the Console

(1)

Amplification

(1)

Routing

(1)

Mixing

(1)

Understanding Console Function: Some Hypothetical Examples

(13)

Hypothetical Console A

(3)

Hypothetical Console B

(3)

Industry Update: Simplify, Simplify

(2)

Hypothetical Console C

(3)

Hypothetical Console D

(1)

Summary of the Hypothetical Consoles

(1)

Understanding Console Function: Actual Consoles

(4)

Operation of the Console

(5)

The Virtual Console

(2)

Submixing

(1)

Patching

(2)

A Final Look at Two Broadcast Consoles

(1)

Summary

(6)

Applications

(1)

Exercises

(1)

You're On! Techniques for Effective On-Air Performance

(2)

CD Players, Recordable CDs and Turntables

(17)

Compact Discs

(4)

Tuning into Technology: How a CD Stores Binary Information

(2)

Recordable CDs

(3)

Audio CDs and MP3s

(1)

Structure of a Turntable

(2)

Parts of the Turntable

(1)

The Drive Mechanism

(1)

The Tonearm

(2)

The Disc

(5)

Handling and Cueing a Disc

(5)

Review of Turntable Operation

(1)

Summary

(2)

Applications

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Recording and Playback Devices

(29)

Sampling

(2)

Magnetic Tape

(9)

Digital Audiotape

(1)

Workings of the Digital Tape Machine

(2)

R-DAT Heads and Controls

(1)

Tape Machine Controls and Indicators

(2)

Cueing a Tape

(1)

DAT Playback

(1)

Disk Drive Recording

(2)

Digital Audio Workstations

(1)

Enter Minidiscs

(2)

The Digital Cart Machine

(2)

Tuning into Technology: Digital Sound and Audio Compression

(1)

Analog Tape Machines

(5)

The Heads

(1)

The Tape Transport Mechanism

(1)

Tape Machine Controls and Indicators

(1)

Cueing a Tape

(1)

Heads and Tracks

(1)

How Tracks Work

(1)

Cassette Machines

(2)

Cartridge Machines

(2)

Bulk Eraser

(1)

Summary

(2)

Applications

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Microphones and Sound

(30)

The Basics of Sound

(8)

The Elements of Sound

(3)

The Nature of Sound: Frequency

101

(1)

The Nature of Sound: Amplitude

101

(1)

Other Characteristics of Sound

102

(1)

Tuning into Technology: The Shape of Sound

103

(2)

Summary of the Basics of Sound

105

(1)

The Microphone: How It Works

105

(9)

Electronics of the Microphone

105

(2)

Pickup (Polar) Patterns of the Microphone

107

(4)

Frequency Response of Microphones

111

(2)

Review of Microphone Workings

113

(1)

Physical Types of Microphones

114

(2)

Hand-Held

114

(1)

Studio, Mounted

114

(1)

Headset

114

(1)

Lavalier

114

(1)

Shotgun

114

(2)

Review of the Physical Types

116

(1)

Microphone Selection and Use

116

(6)

Selection by Mic Type

117

(1)

Selection by Pickup Pattern

117

(1)

Selection by Element

117

(1)

Selection by Frequency Response

117

(2)

Selection by Personality

119

(1)

Adding Up Selection Factors

119

(1)

Notes on Microphone Use

119

(3)

Summary

122

(5)

Applications

123

(1)

Exercises

123

(1)

You're On: Techniques for Effective On-Air Performance: Microphone Techniques for Announcers

124

(3)

Part Two The Techniques

127

(82)

Electronic Editing

The Basics of Splicing and Dubbing

129

(6)

Looking at the Waveform

129

(1)

Splicing and Editing a Sound File

130

(1)

Marking the Edit Points

131

(3)

Nondestructive Editing

134

(1)

Copying, Pasting and Looping

135

(1)

Editing with a Minidisc

136

(6)

Tuning into Technology: The Electronic Edit

137

(5)

Dubbing

142

(1)

Advantages of Dubbing

143

(1)

Review of Dubbing

143

(1)

Summary

143

(3)

Applications

144

(1)

Exercises

145

(1)

Recorded Program Production

146

(19)

Recorded versus Live, On-Air Production

146

(1)

Complexity

146

(1)

Scheduled Airtime

147

(1)

Convenience

147

(1)

Layout of a Production Studio

147

(3)

Equipment in the Production Studio

149

(1)

Sound Treatment in the Production Studio

149

(1)

Working in a Production Studio

150

(1)

Music

151

(3)

Sources of Music

151

(1)

Choosing Music for Production Work

152

(1)

Styles of Music

153

(1)

Recorded Voice

154

(6)

Miking Multiple Speakers

155

(3)

Communicating with Speakers

158

(2)

Sound Effects

160

(1)

Combining Elements in Production

160

(3)

Industry Update: The Ultimate Recording Studio

161

(2)

Summary

163

(2)

Applications

163

(1)

Exercises

164

(1)

Live, On-Air Production

165

(21)

Typical Airshift

165

(3)

Duties of the On-Air Producer

166

(2)

Typical Schedule

168

(1)

Sound of the Station

168

(5)

Pace

170

(1)

Content

170

(1)

Announcing Style

171

(1)

Blending the Sound Sources

171

(1)

Industry Update: What to Do . . . and What Not To

172

(1)

Suggestions for Live, On-Air Production

173

(5)

Console Operation

173

(1)

Establishing a Routine

174

(1)

Planning in Advance

174

(1)

Being Aware of False Endings

174

(1)

Recueing Carts

175

(1)

Listening to the Air Monitor

175

(1)

Clearing Equipment

175

(1)

Planning for the Worst

175

(1)

Tuning into Technology: Automated Software Programs

176

(2)

Working with Satellite Services

178

(3)

The Satellite Feed

179

(1)

Programming from Satellite

179

(1)

How to Use Service Material

180

(1)

Summary

181

(5)

Applications

181

(1)

Exercises

182

(1)

You're On! Techniques for Effective On-Air Performance: Ad-Libbing

183

(3)

More About the Computer in Radio Production

186

(23)

Computer Basics

186

(2)

Computer-Generated Effects

188

(3)

Computer-Assisted Editing

191

(8)

Industry Update: SmartSound

192

(7)

Computers in Automation

199

(5)

Computers in the Programming Function

204

(1)

Digital Audio Broadcasting

205

(1)

Summary

206

(3)

Applications

207

(1)

Exercises

207

(2)

Part Three The Applications

209

(192)

Achieving an Effect

210

(17)

What Is an Effect?

210

(1)

Kinds of Effects

211

(1)

How Production Elements Support a Theme

211

(2)

Creating Excitement

212

(1)

Creating Immediate Identification

212

(1)

Evoking an Emotion

213

(1)

Summary of Effects

213

(1)

How a Producer Uses Production Elements

213

(9)

Music

213

(2)

Sound Effects

215

(1)

Coloration of Sound

216

(1)

Timing and Pace

217

(1)

Voice Quality

218

(1)

Sound of Words

218

(1)

Industry Update: Achieving an Effect and the Bottom Line: Production Promotion

219

(2)

Copywriting

221

(1)

Using Elements of Sound to Achieve an Effect

222

(2)

Putting Voice on Tape

222

(1)

Recording Music on Tape

223

(1)

Summary

224

(3)

Applications

225

(1)

Exercises

226

(1)

Drama and Dramatic Elements in Radio Production

227

(10)

The Structure of Drama

227

(2)

Action

228

(1)

Dialogue

228

(1)

Plot

228

(1)

Beginning, Middle, and End

228

(1)

Conflict

228

(1)

Suspense

228

(1)

Exposition

229

(1)

Role of Dramatic Elements in Commercial Production

229

(2)

Capturing Attention

229

(2)

Compressing Time

231

(1)

Role of Dramatic Elements in News Production

231

(1)

Technical Considerations of Radio Drama

232

(2)

Giving the Illusion of Place

233

(1)

Giving the Illusion of Movement

233

(1)

Making the Background a Fabric of Believability

233

(1)

Mic Techniques to Achieve Illusions of Place and Movement

234

(1)

Sound Design

234

(1)

Summary

234

(3)

Applications

235

(1)

Exercise

235

(2)

Commercial Production

237

(20)

What Makes a Commercial Effective?

238

(1)

Elements of Effective Radio Advertising

239

(1)

A Shoe Store Advertisement

240

(1)

A Car Dealership Advertisement

240

(1)

Practical Approaches to Radio Commercials

240

(8)

Advertising Appeals

241

(3)

Execution of Radio Commercials

244

(3)

Industry Update: The Home Studio: Technology Makes Big-Time Sound Available to Small Production Agencies

247

(1)

Suggestions for Producing Effective Commercials

248

(3)

Know Your Audience

248

(1)

Avoid Gimmicks

249

(1)

Summarize the Thrust

249

(1)

Don't Blast the Listener

249

(1)

Read the Spot to the Client

249

(1)

Don't Force Humor

250

(1)

Achieve High Technical Quality

250

(1)

Don't Overuse a Particular Piece of Music

250

(1)

Keep the Message Simple

250

(1)

Avoid the ``Big Five''

250

(1)

Production Applications in Station Promotion

251

(2)

Summary

253

(4)

Applications

253

(1)

Exercises

254

(1)

You're On! Techniques for Effective On-Air Performance

255

(2)

Radio Production for News and Public Affairs

257

(50)

News Gathering

258

(1)

News Writing

259

(1)

News Assembly

260

(18)

Choosing Stories and Story Order

260

(1)

Choosing Sound Elements

260

(1)

Industry Update: A Quick Primer on Radio Newswriting

261

(17)

News Reading and Reporting

278

(1)

News and Public-Affairs Programming

279

(1)

Newscasts

279

(7)

Exclusively Local News

281

(1)

Local News with Wire Copy

281

(4)

News with Wire Copy and Network Audio

285

(1)

Talk Shows

286

(1)

Special Events

287

(1)

Production Techniques for News and Public Affairs

287

(6)

Interviewing

287

(1)

Story and Actuality Editing

288

(1)

Using Sound Sources in Radio News Production

289

(1)

Using the Telephone to Maximum Benefit

289

(2)

Using Modern News-Gathering Technology

291

(1)

Making the Newscast a Cohesive, Unified Whole

292

(1)

Summary

293

(14)

You're On! Techniques for Effective On-Air Performance

294

(11)

Applications

305

(1)

Exercises

305

(2)

Remote and Sports Production

307

(16)

Remote Radio Equipment

308

(6)

Telephone Lines

308

(2)

Tuning into Technology: Getting the Signal from There to Here

310

(2)

Other Equipment

312

(2)

Planning the Remote

314

(3)

Preparing the Site

315

(1)

Preparing the Equipment

316

(1)

Preparing a Communication System

316

(1)

The Sports Remote

317

(3)

Baseball

318

(1)

Hockey

318

(1)

Football

318

(1)

Basketball

319

(1)

Field Sports

319

(1)

Boxing

319

(1)

A Final Note

320

(1)

Summary

320

(3)

Applications

321

(1)

Exercises

321

(2)

Advanced Radio Production

323

(20)

Multichannel Recording

323

(8)

Input Modules

326

(2)

Output Buses

328

(1)

Monitor Controls

328

(1)

Further Note About Multichannel Consoles

329

(1)

Role of Multitrack Recording

329

(1)

Industry Update: A Simple Multichannel Console

329

(2)

Stereo

331

(1)

Recording Music

331

(4)

Total-Sound Recording Microphone Techniques

332

(2)

Isolated-Component Recording

334

(1)

Electronic Equipment and Its Use in Radio Production

335

(6)

Equipment

336

(3)

Techniques

339

(2)

Summary

341

(2)

Applications

341

(1)

Exercises

342

(1)

Production, Programming, and the Modern Format

343

(58)

The Audience and the Format

343

(7)

The Audience

344

(1)

Methods of Measuring Audience

345

(3)

Calculating How Efficiently a Station Reaches Its Audience

348

(1)

Paying for Efficiency

348

(2)

The Specifics of the Radio Format

350

(4)

Defining Current Formats

350

(4)

Filling the Niche: Today's Trends

354

(1)

On-Air and Off-Air Production in the Modern Format

354

(10)

Production and Tune-Out

354

(1)

Industry Update: Format Trends and What the Producer Needs to Know About Them

355

(4)

Production for Adult Contemporary

359

(1)

Production for Album-Oriented Rock

360

(1)

Production for Country

360

(1)

Production for Easy Listening

361

(1)

Production for News/Talk

361

(1)

Production for Top 40/CHR

362

(1)

Production for Urban/Churban/Rhythmic Top 40

363

(1)

Putting the Format on Air

364

(1)

The Format and Sound Hour

364

(1)

Constructing the Playlist

365

(1)

Conclusion

365

(1)

Summary

365

(6)

You're On! Rotating New Music

366

(3)

Exercises

369

(2)

Appendixes

A Another Time: A Play

371

(10)

Richard Wilson

B A Capsule History of Radio: Past Meets Future for the Modern Producer and Programmer

381

(20)

The Beginnings of the Magic Medium

381

(1)

Radio Finds a Voice

382

(1)

Radio After World War I

383

(2)

Radio Carries a Tune

385

(1)

Radio After KDKA: The Coming Chaos

386

(1)

AT&T Develops Toll Broadcasting

387

(1)

Exit AT&T

388

(1)

Development of the Networks

388

(1)

NBC and CBS

389

(1)

New Competitors Set Their Sights on NBC

389

(1)

Paley Takes Over CBS

390

(1)

Advertising Comes of Age

390

(1)

The Golden Age and Mass Entertainment

391

(1)

Sidebar: David Sarnoff and William S. Paley

392

(3)

Radio Comes of Age

395

(3)

Television Lowers the Boom

398

(1)

Rock Saves Radio

399

(1)

Radio Tunes into Its Audience

400

(1)

Glossary

401

(12)

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Modern Radio Production Production, Programming, and Performance (with InfoTrac)

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