More Work! Less Pay! Rebellion and Repression

In the mid-1970s, a wave of contentious radicalism swept through Italy. Groups and movements such as "Proletarian youth," "metropolitan Indian" and "the area of Autonomy" practiced new forms of activism, confrontational and often violent. Creative and brutal, intransigent and playful, the movements flourished briefly before being suppressed through heavy policing and political exclusion.This is the first full-length study in English of these movements. Building on Sidney Tarrow's "cycle of contention" model and drawing on a wide range of Italian materials, Phil Edwards tells the story of a unique and fascinating group of political movements, and of their disastrous engagement with the mainstream Left. As well as shedding light on a neglected period of twentieth century history, this book offers lessons for understanding today's contentious movements ("No Global," "Black Bloc") and today's "armed struggle" groups.This book will be of great interest to scholars in the fields of Italian politics and society; the sociology of social movements; and terrorism and political violence.

Phil Edwards lectures in criminology at the University of Manchester.

List of tables	p. ix
List of figures	p. x
Preface	p. xi
List of abbreviations	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
The Hot Autumn and after: a cycle of contention reconsidered	p. 5
Innovation: 1966-8	p. 6
Diffusion: 1968-9	p. 7
Engagement: 1969-70	p. 11
Aftermath: 1971-3	p. 14
Towards a new repertoire: from defence to attack, 1969-72	p. 17
Analysing the aftermath: 'outbidding' and beyond	p. 23
A second cycle?	p. 26
From Resistance to Historic Compromise: the politics of the PCI	p. 32
The PCI from Fascism to Liberation	p. 32
The PCI Left from Secchia to Ingrao	p. 41
The PCI and the first cycle	p. 45
The strange success of the Historic Compromise (1972-6)	p. 49
The Historic Compromise hits the rocks (1976-8)	p. 53
The Historic Compromise and the second cycle	p. 55
A sleeping gatekeeper?	p. 58
From Feltrinelli to Moro: a second cycle of contention	p. 61
Autonomy, youth, armed struggle	p. 61
Innovation and disintegration: Lotta Continua, Potere Operaio and the armed struggle groups	p. 64
Autonomia emerges	p. 67
'Won't pay!' Autonomia leaves the factories	p. 71
'Time to rebel': the proletarian youth movement	p. 75
We have no choice: new armed groups	p. 79
From innovation to diffusion	p. 85
La Scala, la cacciata di Lama and the movement of 1977	p. 87
Violence and repression	p. 93
Ahead where? After the movement of 1977	p. 96
From Segrate to Bologna: a cycle in review	p. 100
'Repudiate all forms of intolerance': how the movements were framed	p. 111
Framing the news, framing disorder	p. 111
Framing the news, reading the frames	p. 114
'Disconnected, irresponsible and provocative': framing the phase of innovation, 1972-3	p. 120
'Typical fascist violence': framing the phase of diffusion, 1974-6	p. 123
'A kind of homogeneous, impassable block': framing the phase of engagement, 1976-7	p. 131
Framing, engagement and the closing of the cycle	p. 153
A cycle and its aftermath	p. 169
A cycle in review, 1: mass movements	p. 170
Into the aftermath, 1: mass movements	p. 174
A cycle in review, 2: 'armed struggle' groups	p. 175
Into the aftermath, 2: engaging with the armed struggle	p. 184
Into the aftermath, 3: the decline and fall of the PCI	p. 188
Do you remember revolution?	p. 191
Memory, history, forgetting	p. 191
Closure: the PCI, the Historic Compromise and the end of the cycle	p. 193
No alternative?	p. 196
Invisibility and violence	p. 201
Coda: could it happen here?	p. 204
Social movements and cycles of contention: theoretical appendix	p. 208
Social movements and framing processes	p. 208
Political opportunities	p. 210
Tarrow and the repertoire of contention	p. 212
Contenders and gatekeepers: a model	p. 214
References	p. 219
Index	p. 229
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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"More Work! Less Pay!" Rebellion and Repression in Italy, 1972-77

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