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Mark Gerig’s Foundations of Clinical Mental Health Counseling gives readers a fresh perspective on today’s clinical mental health counseling profession that is both practical and academically informed. Drawing on his experience as a counselor educator, practitioner, supervisor and manager in agency and behavioral health settings, as well as on his leadership positions in professional associations, the author shows readers what it truly means to be a relevant clinical mental health counselor who delivers effective treatment in an ever-changing contemporary context. With the goals of helping current and future counselors ensure that they are helpful to their clients, marketable to potential employers, and relevant voices in front of stakeholders or public policymakers, Dr. Gerig presents a well-informed description of pertinent settings, public policies, and trends. The new edition includes new applications, expanded information, and a wealth of new content.

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Mark S. Gerig is Professor of Counseling and Chair in the Division of Graduate Counseling at Indiana Wesleyan University, located in Marion and Indianapolis, Indiana. He is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Psychologist with over 30 years of experience in professional counseling and counselor education. Mark has previously served as Manager of Crisis and Elderly Services at Hiawatha Behavioral Health, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and as a sessional professor of psychology at Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Throughout these years, he has also provided counseling and consultation services to individuals, families, and organizations.  

Dr. Gerig has been a leader in state and national organizations. He presently serves on the Diplomate Committee of the American Mental Health Counselors Association. Mark has previously served in the roles of President and Chair of Professional Development in the Indiana Mental Health of the Indiana Mental Health Counseling Association and Mental Health Counseling Representative for the Indiana Counseling Association. In recognition of Dr. Gerig’s professional service, he was named recipient of the 2005 American Mental Health Counselors Association Counselor Educator of the Year and recipient of the Mental Health Counselor of the Year Award by the Indiana Counseling Association (2003).

Dr. Gerig lives near Marion, Indiana with his wife, Michelle. Their son, Brandon, is a fish biologist and completing doctoral studies at the University of Notre Dame. Their daughter, Laurén is a professional painter and is completing her Master of Fine Arts at Michigan State University. In addition to his professional activities, Mark considers the family cottage near Iron Bridge, Ontario as a second home and enjoys hiking, fishing, gardening, and ice hockey.

Chapter 1 — What is a Mental Health or Professional Counselor?

Chapter 2 — The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Profession in Historical Perspective

Chapter 3 — Theoretical Foundations for Clinical Mental Health Counselors

Chapter 4 — Traditional and Contemporary Theories of Counseling

Chapter 5 — Education, Licensure, and Certification

Chapter 6 — Ethical and Legal Issues in Clinical Mental Health Counseling

Chapter 7 — The Practice of Clinical Mental Health Counseling: What We Do

Chapter 8 — Contexts for Professional Practice: Where Clinical Mental Health Counselors Work

Chapter 9 — Appraisal and Research in the Practice of Clinical Mental Health Counseling

Chapter 10 — Professional Practice in Multicultural Contexts

Chapter 11 — Managed Care and Third-Party Reimbursement

Chapter 12 — Community Mental Health: Program Development, Evaluation, and Management

Chapter 13 — The Future of Clinical Mental Health Counseling

Appendix A — Professional Associations

Appendix B — Selected Professional Training Institutes

Appendix C — State Licensure Boards

Index

Detailed Table of Contents

Chapter 1- What Is a Mental Health or Professional Counselor?

What is a Counselor? Enter a Land of Confusion!

What It Means to be a Clinical Mental Health or Professional Counselor: Some   Helpful Definitions

Relevant Professional Organizations

Other Specialties Within the Counseling Profession

Addictions Counseling

Career Counseling

College Counseling

Gerontological Counseling

Couples and Family Counseling

Rehabilitation Counseling

School Counseling

Clinical Mental Health Counseling and the Allied Mental Health Professions

Conclusion: The Process of Consolidating Professional Identity

Chapter 2 - The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Profession in Historical Perspective

Early Views and Treatment of Mental Health and Illness

The Emergence of Psychiatry

Roots of the Counseling-Related Professions

Movement Toward the Professionalization of Counseling

            The Private Practice of Psychology

            The Child Guidance Movement

            Carl Rogers and Non-Directive Counseling

            Marriage and Family Counseling

            Rapid Expansion of Assessment and Increase Sophistication of Vocational  Counseling

            Post World War II and the Veterans Administration

The Influence of Professional Organizations

The Professionalization and Expansion of Mental Health Counseling

            Problems in the Mental Health System

            Increased Effectiveness of Psychopharmacological Interventions

            Innovations in Counseling Theories and Techniques

            Limited Availability of and Access to Community-Based Services

            The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963

            Emergence of Mental Health Counseling

            Licensure of Mental Health and Professional Counselors

The Consolidation of the Mental Health Counseling Profession

Changing Roles, Tools, and Contexts: The Mental Health Professions Move Into the 21st Century

            Application of Technology

            Influence of Positive Psychology and Research into Wellness

            Response to Natural and Human-Made Disasters

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References

Chapter 3 - Theoretical Foundations for Clinical Mental Health Counselors

Theory and Personal Characteristics of the Counselor

Self-Schema

Worldview

Interpersonal Style 

Client Motivation and the Process of Change: The Transtheoretical Model 

The Role of Theory in Counseling 

Foundational Theories for Clinical Mental Health Counselors 

            Theories of Human Development

            Ecological Perspective

            Theories of Mental Health and Prevention of Mental Illness

            Approaches to Mental Health Promotion

            Prevention in the Context of Promoting Mental Health

Conclusion: The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Paradigm

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References

Chapter 4 - Traditional and Contemporary Theories of Counseling

Traditional Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy

            Psychoanalysis

Object Relations

Individual Psychology (Adlerian Therapy)

Behavior Therapy

Cognitive Approaches

Humanistic Therapies and Existential Theory

Narrative Therapy

Feminist Therapy

Family Therapy

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References

Chapter 5 — Education, Licensure, and Certification

Academic Preparation of Clinical Mental Health Counselors

            The CACREP Model for the Training of Clinical Mental Health Counselors

                        Common Core Curriculum

CACREP Standards for Clinical Mental Health Counseling Programs

                        Foundations

                        Contextual Dimensions

                        Practice

Professional Practice Standards in the Training of Clinical Mental Health Counselors

The Credentialing of Clinical Mental Health Counselors

            Registry

            Certification

            Licensure

Contemporary Issues in Education and Credentialing of Counselors

            Licensure for Clinical Mental Health Counselors in All 50 States: What Comes Next?

                        Portability

                        Controversies and Growing Pains

            Conclusion

            Discussion Questions

            Suggested Activities

            References

Chapter 6 - Ethical and Legal Issues in Clinical Mental Health Counseling

The Significance of Ethical Codes and the Law 

The Relationship Between the Law and Codes of Ethics 

Foundational Principles of Ethical Codes 

Codes of Ethics 

The Role of the ACA Ethics Committee and Investigation of Alleged Violations 

Specific Ethical and Legal Issues 

            Competence and Scope of Practice

Informed Consent: Client’s Rights and Responsibilities

Confidentiality and Privileged Communication

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Protection of Clients or Others from Harm

Taking Action When Child or Elder Abuse or Neglect Is Suspected

Protecting Clients Who Pose a Danger to Themselves

Clients Who Pose a Danger to Others

Clients with Communicable Diseases Whose Behavior Poses a Danger to Others

Professional Boundaries and Dual Relationships

                        Application of Technology in Counseling

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References 

Chapter 7 — The Practice of Clinical Mental Health Counseling: What We Do

Application of the Clinical Mental Health Counseling Paradigm 

Stages of Helping

Establishing the Relationship

                        Assessing or Defining the Presenting Problem

                                    The Initial Interview and Biopsychosocial Assessment

Mental Status Exam

Diagnosis: DSM-V and the ICD-10

Identifying and Setting Goals

Choosing and Implementing Interventions

Planning and Introducing Termination and Follow-Up

Modalities of Intervention

Individual Counseling

Group Work

Family Counseling

Consultation

Advocacy

Contextual Trends Influencing Treatment Processes

            The Post-deinstitutionalization Era

Least Restrictive Treatment

Evidence-Based Treatment

Recovery and the Consumer Movement

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References

Chapter 8 — Contexts for Professional Practice: Where Clinical Mental Health Counselors Work

            Clinical Mental Health Counselors on the Job: Special Populations 

                        Homelessness and Mental Health 

                        Treating Persons with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness.

Treating Clients with Co-Occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders

            Community Mental Health and Corrections

Community Mental Health, Disaster Response, and Emergency Management Systems

            Disaster Response

            Trauma-Informed Care

            Emergency Management Systems

Clinical Mental Health Counselors on the Job: Selected Work Settings

            Agency/Community Mental Health Centers

            Private Practice

            Substance Use Treatment Programs

            Small College Counseling Center

            University Health Service

            In the Barn: Equine Therapy

            Home-based Therapy

            Integrated Behavioral Health in Primary Healthcare Settings

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References

Chapter 9 — Appraisal and Research in the Practice of Clinical Mental Health Counseling

Appraisal

The Use of Tests

Key Concepts and Principles in Appraisal

Classical True-Score Theory

Reliability

Validity

Standardization

Categories of Appraisal Techniques

Intelligence Tests

Achievement Tests

Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories

Personality Tests

Self-Report Clinical Scales

Neuropsychological Screening and Assessment

Ethical Practice in Appraisal 

            Test Selection

            Test Administration

            Test Interpretation

Test Reporting

Research

            Key Concepts and Principles in Research

            Sampling

            Validity

            Reliability

Operational Definitions

Specific Models of Research Design

Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Designs

Direct Observation

Survey Methods

Correlational Methods

Experimental Methods

Within Subjects Designs

Qualitative Methods

Meta-Analysis

Statistical Analysis

Ethical Practice in Research 

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References

Chapter 10 - Professional Practice in Multicultural Contexts

Diversity and Multiculturalism in America 

Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force in Counseling 

Key Definitions and Concepts 

Barriers to Effective Multicultural Counseling 

            Resistance

            Cultural Encapsulation

            Misapplication of Traditional Theories and Techniques

            Systemic Barriers Within Counseling Delivery Systems

Language Barriers and Miscommunication

Mistrust

Foundational Principles in Multicultural Counseling 

            Activation of Schemas and Confirmation Bias

            Between- and Within-Group Differences

            Racial/Cultural Identity Development Theory

            Acculturation

            Multiple Identities

            Multiple Heritage Identity Development

The Culturally Competent Counselor 

Conclusion 

Chapter 11 - Managed Care and Third-Party Reimbursement

The Context of Managed Care and Its Development Context

Financial Risk and the Rise of Insurance Companies

The Push Toward Managed Health Care

What Is Managed Care?

Procedures for Reducing Utilization

Pretreatment Authorization of Treatment

Concurrent Utilization Reviews

Incentives for Efficient Providers

Increased Employee and User/Client Cost Sharing

Procedures for Controlling Price Per Unit

Capitation

Less Expensive but Equally Effective Treatment Approaches

Retrospective Claims Reviews

            Responses of Mental Health Practitioners to the Contemporary Economic Context 

Conclusion: Surviving in the Era of Managed Care

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References

Chapter 12 - Community Mental Health: Program Development, Evaluation, and Management

Historical Background: Community Mental Health in the United States

A Model of Mental Health Delivery Systems

     Assessment of the Needs and Wants of Service Recipients

            Mission

            Goals, Objectives, and Program Outputs

            Programs

            Working Knowledge, Skills, and Resource Supports

            Environmental Supports: Technology and Facility

Program Evaluation

Funding Programs Through Grants

Program Supervision, Management, and Leadership 

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

References

Chapter 13 - The Future of Clinical Mental Health Counseling

Current Factors Influencing the Profession

Professional Credentialing

Consolidation of Professional Identity

Political and Socio-Economic Climate

New Models and Delivery Systems

Contemporary Trends in the Application of Counseling Theory

Spirituality in Clinical Mental Health Counseling

Biologicalization of Psychopathology and Wellness: Psychopharmacology, Neuroscience, and Neurocounseling 

Economic Context and Application of Theory in Professional Practice  

Strengths of the Contemporary Mental Health Counseling Profession 

The Struggles of the Contemporary Mental Health Counseling Profession 

How to Live Out Who We Are: Enacting the Clinical Mental Health Counseling Paradigm 

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Suggested Activities

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