Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction

This classic text has been substantially rewritten. Narrative explores a range of written, spoken, literary and non-literary narratives.It shows what systematic attention to language can reveal about the narratives themselves, their tellers, and those to whom they are addressed.New material includes sections on gendered narrative, film narrative and a discussion of ways in which the internet and global television are changing conceptions of narrative.

Preface

viii

Acknowledgements

xi

Preliminary orientations

1

(14)

Teller, tale, addressee

1

(3)

Typical characteristics of narratives

4

(4)

Narratives and non-narratives

8

(2)

Story - text - narration

10

(5)

Further reading

12

(1)

Notes and exercises

13

(2)

Basic story structure

15

(26)

Story/fabula/histoire

15

(2)

Propp's morphology of the Russian fairytale

17

(5)

Barthes on narrative

22

(7)

Plot-summarizing: modelling intuitions

29

(2)

In search of the grammaticization of plot structure

31

(10)

Further reading

37

(1)

Notes and exercises

37

(4)

The articulation of narrative text I: time, focalization, narration

41

(39)

Narrative text: a single level of analysis

41

(1)

Text and time

42

(12)

Temporal refractions in text: Nabokov's Pnin

54

(5)

Focalization

59

(4)

Perceptual focalization as primary

63

(1)

Narrators and narration

64

(4)

Simpson's typology of narratorial modes

68

(12)

Further reading

77

(1)

Notes and exercises

77

(3)

The anticulation of narrative text II: character, setting, suspense, film

80

(36)

Character

80

(2)

Greimas' actant model

82

(4)

Character traits and attributes

86

(2)

Distinctive feature characterology

88

(3)

Setting

91

(3)

Character and setting in `The Dead'

94

(5)

Creating surprise and suspense in narratives

99

(4)

From prose to film: radical translation

103

(4)

The grammaticization of character and situation

107

(9)

Further reading

112

(1)

Notes and exercises

112

(4)

The articulation of narrative text III: representing character discourse

116

(27)

Achieving immediacy in the narration of thoughts

116

(3)

Modes of speech and thought presentation

119

(6)

Differences between Direct and Indirect Discourse

125

(5)

Different again: free Indirect Discourse

130

(3)

Who speaks, who thinks?

133

(1)

FID: functions and effects

134

(9)

Further reading

140

(1)

Notes and exercises

140

(3)

Narrative as socially situated: the sociolinguistic approach

143

(35)

Labov and narrative structure

143

(2)

Fixed narrative clauses, free evaluative clauses

145

(4)

Abstracts and orientations

149

(2)

Evaluation

151

(2)

Doing and saying

153

(2)

Internal evaluation

155

(2)

Coda

157

(2)

Stories in societies

159

(1)

Narrative performance

160

(2)

Dispersed, embedded, and group oral narratives

162

(5)

From Labov to literature

167

(11)

Further reading

172

(1)

Notes and exercises

173

(5)

Children's narratives

178

(28)

Stories for, by, and with children

178

(2)

Storytelling and emergent literacy

180

(2)

Differing styles, differing orientations

182

(3)

Children's narrative development

185

(4)

Children's narratives and the development of registers and genres: the systemic-linguistic approach

189

(4)

The systemic-linguistic account of sotry genres

193

(4)

Stories for and with children

197

(9)

Further reading

203

(1)

Notes and exercises

204

(2)

Narrative as political action

206

(36)

The contexts of narratives

206

(1)

Hard news stories in the newspaper

206

(2)

Political narratives in the news

208

(4)

The unfolding news story: a contemporary example

212

(9)

The linguistic apparatus of political construal: notes on key resources

221

(9)

News stories online

230

(3)

Stories of class and gender

233

(1)

Prejudice in ethnic narratives

234

(1)

Stories in court

235

(7)

Further reading

239

(1)

Notes and exercises

239

(3)

Bibliography

242

(13)

Index

255

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Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials