Neonatology at a Glance

Written by a team of leading international experts, Neonatology at a Glance provides a concise and easy-to-read overview of neonatal medicine. Each topic is clearly explained over a two-page spread, aided by numerous diagrams and illustrations. It has been extensively updated to include recent advances in perinatal medicine, genetics, respiratory support, therapeutic hypothermia, antimicrobial stewardship, and family integrated care. The book covers the wide range of problems encountered in looking after newborn babies, from normal newborn infants to the complexities of neonatal intensive care.

Neonatology at a Glance:

• Provides up-to-date coverage of the important conditions you will encounter, including neonatal resuscitation and care of preterm infants
• Covers challenging topics including pain, ethical issues, patient safety, evidence-based medicine, and palliative and end of life care
• Includes details of a wide range of practical procedures, including less invasive surfactant administration, cranial ultrasound, brain monitoring and neuroimaging, and neonatal transport

Neonatology at a Glance is the perfect guide for all health professionals looking after newborn infants, including pediatric trainees, medical students, neonatal nurse practitioners and neonatal nurses, therapists, and midwives. For neonatologists, pediatricians, and neonatal lecturers, it is a valuable resource to assist with teaching.

Tom Lissauer, MB, BChir, FRCPCH, Honorary Consultant Neonatologist,Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK.

Avroy Fanaroff, MD, FRCPE, FRCPCH, Emeritus Eliza Henry Barnes Professor of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, and Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Lawrence Miall, MBBS, BSc, MMedSc, FRCPCH, Consultant Neonatologist, Leeds Children's Hospital, and Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Jonathan Fanaroff, MD, JD, FAAP, Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Director, Rainbow Center for Pediatric Ethics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Preface vii

Contributors viii

Acknowledgment xi

Part 1 Introduction

1 Milestones in neonatology 2

2 Epidemiology 4

Part 2 Perinatal medicine

3 Perinatal medicine overview 6

4 Prepregnancy care, prenatal screening, and fetal medicine 8

5 Maternal medical conditions 10

6 Intrauterine growth restriction 12

7 Multiple births 14

8 Preterm delivery 16

9 Maternal drugs affecting the fetus and newborn infant 18

10 Congenital infection 20

11 Genetics 24

Part 3 Delivery

12 Adaption to extra‐uterine life 28

13 Neonatal resuscitation and postresuscitation care 30

14 Birth injuries 38

Part 4 The newborn infant

15 Routine care of the newborn infant 40

16 Routine examination of the newborn infant 42

17 Neurology examination 44

18 Feeding 46

19 Parental attachment 48

20 Minor abnormalities in the first few days 50

21 Overview of common problems of term infants 52

Part 5 Neonatal unit admission

22 Admission to the neonatal unit 54

23 Stabilizing the sick newborn infant 56

24 Respiratory support 60

25 Developmental care 66

26 Family integrated care 68

Part 6 The preterm infant

27 Preterm infants and their complications 70

28 Lung development and surfactant 72

29 Respiratory distress syndrome 74

30 Temperature control 76

31 Growth and nutrition 78

32 Intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia 82

33 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 84

34 Apnea, infection, anemia, and jaundice 86

35 Retinopathy of prematurity 88

36 Necrotizing enterocolitis 90

37 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 92

38 Discharge of preterm infants from hospital 94

39 Outcome of preterm infants 96

Part 7 Neonatal problems

40 Respiratory distress in term infants 100

41 Upper airway disorders 104

42 Jaundice 106

43 Neonatal infection 110

44 Antimicrobial stewardship 112

45 Specific bacterial infections 114

46 Viral infections 116

47 Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia 118

48 Gastrointestinal disorders 120

49 Gastrointestinal obstruction 124

50 Cardiac disorders 126

51 Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy 132

52 Seizures and perinatal strokes 136

53 Neural tube defects and hydrocephalus 138

54 The hypotonic infant 140

55 Renal and urinary tract anomalies diagnosed prenatally 142

56 Renal and urinary tract disorders 144

57 Genital disorders 148

58 Disorders of sex development 150

59 Anemia and polycythemia 152

60 White cell disorders 154

61 Coagulation and thrombotic disorders 156

62 Dermatological disorders 160

63 Bone and joint disorders 162

64 Inborn errors of metabolism 164

65 Hearing and vision 166

Part 8 Aspects of neonatal intensive care

66 Pain 168

67 Pharmacology 170

68 Quality improvement 172

69 Patient safety 174

70 Evidence‐based practice 180

71 Ethics 182

72 Research and consent 186

73 Palliative and end‐of‐life care 188

Part 9 Follow-up

74 Follow‐up of high‐risk infants 190

Part 10 Global

75 Global neonatology 192

Part 11 Transport

76 Transport of the sick newborn infant 196

Part 12 Practical procedures

77 Intubation 198

78 Chest tubes 200

79 Common practical procedures 202

80 Umbilical catheters and intraosseous cannulation 204

81 Central venous catheters and exchange transfusions 206

82 Cranial ultrasound 208

83 Brain monitoring 212

84 Perinatal neuroimaging with MRI 216

85 Echocardiography for the neonatologist 218

Appendix: Gestational age assessment, BP, Newborn Early Warning Trigger and Track (NEWTT) chart, Jaundice, Hypoglycemia, Growth charts 222

Further reading 230

Index 234

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