Network Design, Second Edition: Management and Technical Perspectives

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ISBN: 9780849316081 | 0849316081
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/28/2004

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There are hundreds of technologies and protocols used in telecommunications. They run the full gamut from application level to physical level. It is overwhelming to try to keep track of them. Network Design, Second Edition: Management and Technical Perspectives is a broad survey of the major technologies and networking protocols and how they interrelate, integrate, migrate, substitute, and segregate functionality. It presents fundamental issues that managers and engineers should be focused upon when designing a telecommunications strategy and selecting technologies, and bridges the communication gap that often exists between managers and technical staff involved in the design and implementation of networks.

About the Author

xiii

Preface

Acknowledgments

xix

1 Making the Business Case for the Network

(94)

1.1 Management Overview of Network Design

(16)

1.1.1 Define the Business Objectives

(6)

1.1.2 Determine Potential Risks, Dependencies, Costs, and Benefits

(6)

1.1.3 Identify Project Requirements

(2)

1.1.4 Develop Project Implementation Approach

(1)

1.2 Strategic Positioning Using Networks

(9)

1.2.1 Case Studies

(6)

1.2.2 Calculation of Technology's Strategic Value

(2)

1.3 Dealing with Major Design Challenges

(11)

1.3.1 Organizational Concerns and Recommendations

(3)

1.3.1.1 Senior Management Involvement and Support

(1)

1.3.1.2 Recruiting, Training, and Maintaining Skilled Staff

(2)

1.3.1.3 Effective Program and Project Management

(1)

1.3.2 Technology Concerns and Recommendations

(14)

1.3.2.1 Keeping Abreast of New Developments

(1)

1.3.2.2 Maintaining a Secure Networking Environment

(5)

1.3.2.3 Managing Complexity

(2)

1.4 Similarities and Differences between Voice and Data Network Design and Planning

(6)

1.5 Major Trends and Technology Enablers

(39)

1.5.1 Societal Trends

(17)

1.5.1.1 Computer Literacy

(1)

1.5.1.2 Security

(8)

1.5.1.3 Legislation and Regulation

(8)

1.5.2 Service Provider Trends

(11)

1.5.3 Technology Enablers

(26)

1.5.3.1 Technology Convergence

(4)

1.5.3.2 High-Bandwidth Technologies

(1)

1.5.3.3 Wireless Technologies

(2)

1.5.3.4 Open Internet Standards

(1)

1.5.3.5 Intelligent Technologies

(2)

1.6 Summary

(1)

Notes

(3)

References

(9)

2 Wide Area Network Design and Planning

(176)

2.1 Management Overview of WAN Network Design

(3)

2.2 Technical Overview of WAN Network Design

(166)

2.2.1 Centralized Network Design

(15)

2.2.1.1 Legacy System Network Architecture (SNA)

103

(5)

2.2.1.2 Migration of SNA Networks to Open Networking Standards

108

(6)

2.2.2 Distributed Network Design

114

(26)

2.2.2.1 Metropolitan Area Networks

116

(17)

2.2.2.2 Wide Area Networks

133

(7)

2.2.3 Star Topology Networks

140

(8)

2.2.3.1 Overview

140

(1)

2.2.3.2 Design Considerations and Techniques

141

(7)

2.2.3.3 Case Study

148

(1)

2.2.4 Tree Networks

148

(23)

2.2.4.1 Overview

148

(4)

2.2.4.2 Design Considerations and Techniques

152

(18)

2.2.4.3 Case Study

170

(1)

2.2.5 Backbone Networks

171

(21)

2.2.5.1 Overview

171

(1)

2.2.5.2 Design Considerations and Techniques

172

(17)

2.2.5.3 Case Study

189

(3)

2.2.6 Mesh Networks

192

(16)

2.2.6.1 Overview

192

(2)

2.2.6.2 Design Considerations and Techniques

194

(14)

2.2.6.3 Case Study

208

(1)

2.2.7 Value-Added Network Services

208

(63)

2.2.7.1 Packet-Switched Networks

210

(8)

2.2.7.2 Frame Relay Networks

218

(8)

2.2.7.3 ATM Networks

226

(7)

2.2.7.4 VPN Networks

233

(3)

2.2.7.5 Access Technologies

236

(28)

Notes

264

(4)

References

268

(3)

3 Local Area Network Design and Planning Techniques

271

(36)

3.1 Management Overview of Local Area Networks (LANs)

271

(4)

3.1.1 IEEE LAN Standards

271

(1)

3.1.2 Ethernet LANs

272

(1)

3.1.3 Wireless LANs

272

(3)

3.1.4 Similarities and Differences between WAN and LAN Design and Planning

275

(1)

3.2 LAN Design and Planning

275

(28)

3.2.1 Criteria for Evaluating LAN Design and Modeling Products

276

(2)

3.2.1.1 System Requirements

276

(1)

3.2.1.2 Input Data Requirements

276

(1)

3.2.1.3 Control Parameter Extensions

277

(1)

3.2.1.4 Technology Used

277

(1)

3.2.1.5 Applicability of Live Data

277

(1)

3.2.1.6 Post-Processing

277

(1)

3.2.1.7 Animated Displays

277

(1)

3.2.1.8 Product Maturity

278

(1)

3.2.2 LAN Performance Indicators and Modeling Parameters

278

(12)

3.2.2.1 LAN Modeling Parameters

278

(5)

3.2.2.2 LAN Hubs as Source of Modeling Parameters

283

(1)

3.2.2.3 Modeling Objects in LANs

284

(6)

3.2.3 Information Sources for Baseline LAN Models

290

(10)

3.2.3.1 LAN Analyzers and Monitors

290

(3)

3.2.3.2 SNMP MIBs as Information Source

293

(2)

3.2.3.3 RMON Probes and RMON MIBs as Information Sources

295

(5)

3.2.3.4 Input from Device-Dependent Applications

300

(1)

3.2.4 LAN Visualization Instruments

300

(2)

3.2.4.1 Graphical LAN Documentation Tools

300

(1)

3.2.4.2 netViz [NETVO4]

301

(1)

3.2.5 LAN Planning and Design Tools

302

(1)

3.3 Summary

303

(1)

Notes

304

(1)

References

305

(2)

4 Intranets and Extranets

307

(46)

4.1 Management Overview

307

(11)

4.1.1 Benefits of Intranets

308

(2)

4.1.1.1 The "Less-Paper" Office

308

(1)

4.1.1.2 Improved Customer Service

308

(1)

4.1.1.3 Improved Help Desks

309

(1)

4.1.1.4 Improved Corporate Culture

309

(1)

4.1.1.5 Cross-Platform Compatibility

310

(1)

4.1.2 Intranet Planning and Management

310

(6)

4.1.2.1 Gaining Support

311

(1)

4.1.2.2 Planning The Intranet Strategy

311

(1)

4.1.2.3 Selecting the Implementation Team

312

(2)

4.1.2.4 Funding Growth

314

(1)

4.1.2.5 Total Quality Management

314

(1)

4.1.2.6 Training Employees

315

(1)

4.1.2.7 Organizational Challenges

315

(1)

4.1.3 Intranets versus Groupware

316

(1)

4.1.4 Management Summary

317

(1)

4.2 Technical Overview

318

(33)

4.2.1 Internet Basics

318

(2)

4.2.1.1 Packet Switching

318

(1)

4.2.1.2 TCP/IP

318

(1)

4.2.1.3 Connecting to the Internet

319

(1)

4.2.2 Basic Terminology

320

(6)

4.2.2.1 The World Wide Web

320

(1)

4.2.2.2 Web Browsers

321

(1)

4.2.2.3 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

321

(1)

4.2.2.4 Home Pages

322

(1)

4.2.2.5 Client Programs and Browsers

322

(1)

4.2.2.6 Where Web Documents Reside

323

(1)

4.2.2.7 HTML: The Language of the World Wide Web

323

(1)

4.2.2.8 Hypertext and Hyperlinks

324

(1)

4.2.2.9 FTP: File Transfer Protocol

325

(1)

4.2.2.10 Java

325

(1)

4.2.3 Intranet Components

326

(5)

4.2.3.1 Network Requirements

327

(1)

4.2.3.2 Network Operating Systems

327

(1)

4.2.3.3 Server Hardware

328

(1)

4.2.3.4 Web Server Software

329

(1)

4.2.3.5 Desktop Clients Running TCP/IP

330

(1)

4.2.3.6 Web Browsers

330

(1)

4.2.3.7 Intranet Component Summary

331

(1)

4.2.4 Intranet Implementation

331

(7)

4.2.4.1 Information Organization

331

(1)

4.2.4.2 Content Structure

332

(3)

4.2.4.3 Interface Design

335

(1)

4.2.4.4 Free Clip Art and Images

335

(1)

4.2.4.5 Intranet Functionality

335

(2)

4.2.4.6 Content Management

337

(1)

4.2.4.7 Training And Support

337

(1)

4.2.5 Intranet Deployment

338

(4)

4.2.5.1 Technological Considerations

339

(2)

4.2.5.2 Maintaining the Information Content on the Intranet

341

(1)

4.2.5.3 Centralized versus Distributed Control

342

(1)

4.2.6 Intranet Security Issues

342

(39)

4.2.6.1 Firewalls

343

(3)

4.2.6.2 Firewall Architectures

346

(1)

4.2.6.3 CGI Scripting

347

(1)

4.2.6.4 Encryption

348

(2)

4.2.6.5 Intranet Security Threats

350

(1)

4.3 Summary

351

(1)

Notes

352

(1)

5 Client/Server and Distributed Networking

353

(70)

5.1 Overview of Client/Server and Distributed Object Networking

353

(3)

5.2 Motivations for Distributed Networking

356

(3)

5.3 Two-Tier and Three-Tier Client/Server Architectures

359

(6)

5.4 n-Tier Distributed Object Architectures

365

(8)

5.5 Middleware Functions and Implementation

373

(8)

5.6 Middleware Standards

381

(35)

5.6.1 Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)

381

(12)

5.6.2 Component Object Model (COM)/Distributed Component Model (DCOM)/COM+

393

(11)

5.6.3 Web Services

404

(12)

5.7 Summary of Client/Server and Distributed Object Network Design Considerations

416

(2)

Notes

418

(2)

References

420

(3)

6 Outsourcing

423

(36)

6.1 Outsourcing Overview

423

(5)

6.2 Steps in the Outsourcing Process

428

(4)

6.3 Major Considerations in Outsourcing

432

(5)

6.4 Request for Information

437

(6)

6.5 Request for Proposal

443

(4)

6.6 Vendor Evaluation, Selection, and Checklists

447

(6)

6.7 Strategic Partnerships and Agreements

453

(1)

6.8 Keys to Successful Outsourcing

453

(3)

6.9 Summary

456

(1)

Notes

456

(1)

References

457

(2)

7 Automated Design and Network Management Tools

459

(32)

7.1 Network Design Tools

459

(3)

7.2 Network Management Tools

462

(25)

7.2.1 Network Management Protocols (CMISE/CMIP, SNMP, and RMON)

463

(15)

7.2.1.1 Management Agents

469

(1)

7.2.1.2 The Management Station

470

(1)

7.2.1.3 Network Management Protocol

471

(7)

7.2.2 Network Management Implementation

478

(1)

7.2.3 Web-Based Network Management

479

(4)

7.2.4 Other Network Management Strategies

483

(4)

7.3 Summary

487

(1)

Notes

488

(1)

References

488

(3)

8 Technical Considerations in Network Design and Planning

491

(66)

8.1 Overview of the Network Design Process

491

(1)

8.2 Data Collection

492

(7)

8.2.1 Automated Data Generation

494

(1)

8.2.2 Traffic Generators

495

(1)

8.2.3 Cost Generators and Tariff Data

496

(3)

8.3 Technical Requirements Specification

499

(14)

8.3.1 Node Selection, Placement, and Sizing

499

(2)

8.3.2 Network Topology

501

(1)

8.3.3 Routing Strategies

502

(1)

8.3.4 Architectures

503

(2)

8.3.5 Network Management

505

(5)

8.3.6 Security

510

(3)

8.4 Representation of Networks Using Graph Theory

513

(6)

8.4.1 Definitions and Nomenclature

515

(4)

8.4.1.1 Definition: Graph

515

(1)

8.4.1.2 Definition: Link

515

(1)

8.4.1.3 Definition: Undirected Graph

516

(1)

8.4.1.4 Definition: Arc

516

(1)

8.4.1.5 Definition: Directed Graph

516

(1)

8.4.1.6 Definition: Self-Loop

516

(1)

8.4.1.7 Definition: Parallel Link

516

(1)

8.4.1.8 Definition: Simple Graph

517

(1)

8.4.1.9 Definition: Adjacency

517

(1)

8.4.1.10 Definition: Degree

517

(1)

8.4.1.11 Definition: Incident Link

517

(1)

8.4.1.12 Definition: Path

517

(1)

8.4.1.13 Definition: Cycle

517

(1)

8.4.1.14 Definition: Simple Cycle

518

(1)

8.4.1.15 Definition: Connected Graph

518

(1)

8.4.1.16 Definition: Strongly Connected Graph

518

(1)

8.4.1.17 Definition: Tree

518

(1)

8.4.1.18 Definition: Minimal Spanning Tree

519

(1)

8.4.1.19 Definition: Star

519

(1)

8.5 Introduction to Algorithms

519

(10)

8.5.1 Definition of Algorithms

519

(1)

8.5.2 Greedy Algorithm (Also Known as Kruskal's Algorithm)

520

(3)

8.5.3 Introduction to Computational Complexity Analysis

523

(4)

8.5.4 Network Design Techniques

527

(2)

8.6 Performance Analysis

529

(26)

8.6.1 Queuing Essentials

529

(4)

8.6.1.1 Standard Queuing Notation:

530

(3)

8.6.2 Analysis of Loss and Delay in Networks

533

(16)

8.6.2.1 M/M/1 Model

534

(2)

8.6.2.2 M/M/1/k Model

536

(1)

8.6.2.3 M/M/c Model

537

(3)

8.6.2.4 M/G/1 Model

540

(2)

8.6.2.5 M/M/c/k Model

542

(2)

8.6.2.6 Erlang's Loss Formula

544

(1)

8.6.2.7 Total Network Delay

545

(3)

8.6.2.8 Other Types of Queues

548

(1)

8.6.2.9 Summary

548

(1)

8.6.3 Analysis of Network Reliability

549

(5)

8.6.4 Network Costs

554

(1)

Notes

555

(1)

References

556

(1)

9 Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning and Design

557

(74)

9.1 Management Considerations

557

(12)

9.1.1 Define the Business Objectives Served by BC/DR Planning

558

(2)

9.1.2 Determine Potential Risks, Dependencies, Costs, and Benefits: Risk Assessment and Business Impact Analysis

560

(3)

9.1.3 Design and Implement BC/DR Plan

563

(4)

9.1.4 Keep Informed about BC/DR Standards and Recommendations

567

(2)

9.2 Technical Considerations

569

(52)

9.2.1 Facilities Solutions

570

(3)

9.2.2 Network Solutions

573

(5)

9.2.3 Data Storage Solutions

578

(40)

9.2.3.1 Tape Backups

579

(2)

9.2.3.2 Network Attached Storage (NAS)

581

(5)

9.2.3.3 Storage Area Networks (SANS)

586

(25)

9.2.3.4 Data Storage Practices

611

(7)

9.2.4 Application Level Solutions

618

(1)

9.2.5 Outsourcing Solutions

619

(2)

9.3 Summary

621

(1)

Notes

622

(6)

References

628

(3)

Appendix A: Return on Investment (ROI) Calculation

631

(14)

A.1 Case Study Overview

631

(1)

A.2 ROI Analysis

632

(1)

A.3 The ROI Equation

632

(1)

A.4 Depreciation and Capitalization

633

(1)

A.5 Expanded ROI Formula

633

(1)

A.6 ROI Numerator

634

(2)

A.6.1 Net Benefits: Additions

634

(1)

A.6.1.1 Costs Avoided

634

(1)

A.6.1.2 Efficiencies Created

634

(1)

A.6.2 Costs Incurred: Minuses

635

(1)

A.7 ROI Denominator

636

(1)

A.7.1 Project Investment

636

(1)

A.8 Sample ROI Analysis

637

(4)

A.8.1 ROI Numerator

637

(3)

A.8.1.1 Savings and Cost Avoidance Related to Web-Based Project

637

(3)

A.8.2 ROI Denominator

640

(1)

A.9 Results

641

(3)

Notes

644

(1)

Appendix B: Overview of OSI Model and Comparison with TCP/IP

645

(4)

B.1 Overview of the OSI Model

646

(1)

B.2 Overview of the TCP/IP Model

647

(1)

Notes

648

(1)

Appendix C: Subjective Evaluation and Ranking Procedures

649

(9)

References

658

(3)

Index

661

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Network Design, Second Edition: Management and Technical Perspectives

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials