Neuropsychology

, by Zaidel

Write a Review

ISBN: 9780127752907 | 0127752900
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/7/1994

List Price: ~~$130.00~~ Save 4%!

New Copy: Usually Ships in 3-5 Business Days

$124.21

Summary

The field of neuropsychology has grown rapidly in recently years. New developments have been of interest across disciplines to cognitive, clinical, and experimental psychologists as well as neuroscientists. Neuropsychology presents a comprehensive overview of where the field stands now relative to all these disciplines. Representing the critical areas in human neuropsychology, this book begins with the history and development of the field and proceeds to discuss brain structure and function with regard to attention, perception, emotion, language, and movement. Key Features * Provides a comprehensive literature review * Chapters represent the critical areas in human neuropsychology * Organized for ease of use and reference * Contributors from medicine, experimental, cognitive, and clinical psychology

Contributors	p. xiii
Foreword	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
Introduction
The Legacy of Pavlov and Thorndike	p. 1
Learning as Conditioning	p. 2
Comparative Psychology and Physiology	p. 3
Biological and Anthropocentric Approaches to Animal Behavior	p. 5
The Cognitive Revolution in Psychology	p. 7
Changing Views of the Learning Process	p. 7
Animal Learning and Human Behavior	p. 10
References	p. 11
Pavlovian Conditioning: Laws of Association
Preliminaries	p. 15
Contiguity, Frequency, and Intensity	p. 18
Acquisition of a Conditioned Response	p. 18
Associative Interpretation	p. 19
Temporal Relationships	p. 23
Causality	p. 27
Phenomena	p. 27
The Rescorla-Wagner Model	p. 30
Alternative Formulations	p. 31
Similarity	p. 36
Conclusion	p. 39
References	p. 40
Instrumental Conditioning
Introduction	p. 45
Actions and Habits	p. 48
Instrumental Knowledge	p. 52
Bidirectional Theory	p. 52
Associative-Cybernetic Model	p. 53
Representation of Instrumental Actions	p. 57
Instrumental Learning	p. 58
Contiguity	p. 58
Contingency	p. 59
Surprise and Learning	p. 62
Interval Schedules	p. 63
Pavlovian-Instrumental Interactions	p. 66
Discriminative Control	p. 69
Incentive Learning	p. 71
Cognition and Instrumental Action	p. 74
References	p. 76
Reinforcement and Choice
Introduction	p. 81
Choice as a Measure of Response Strength	p. 83
Relative Value as the Basis of the Matching Law	p. 85
Theories of Matching	p. 90
Optimality Theory	p. 91
Momentary Maximizing	p. 95
Melioration	p. 98
Matching as Fundamental?	p. 101
Matching to Interreinforcement Intervals	p. 103
Conclusions	p. 105
References	p. 105
Discrimination and Categorization
Theories of Discrimination Learning	p. 110
Pavlov	p. 110
Spence	p. 110
Rescorla and Wagner	p. 112
Configural Theory	p. 117
Relational Discriminations	p. 119
Categorization	p. 123
Feature Theory	p. 124
Exemplar Theory	p. 126
Prototype Theory	p. 128
Categorization as Concept Formation	p. 129
Concluding Comments	p. 130
References	p. 130
The Neural Basis of Learning with Particular Reference to the Role of Synaptic Plasticity: Where Are We a Century after Cajal's Speculations?
Introduction	p. 135
Historical Overview	p. 137
Experimental Strategies for Exploring the Relation between Synaptic Plasticity and Learning	p. 139
Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation	p. 142
The Phenomenon of Long-Term Potentiation and Its Principle Characteristics	p. 142
The Neural Mechanisms of Long-Term Potentiation	p. 144
Other Types of Activity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity and the Nature of Synaptic Learning Rules	p. 150
Mossy Fiber Potentiation	p. 150
Long-Term Depression	p. 151
Synaptic Learning Rules	p. 153
Encoding Variance and Invariance	p. 154
Exploring the Empirical Relation between Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation and Learning	p. 156
Do Long-Term Potentiation-like Changes Occur in Association with Learning and Does Their Magnitude Correlate with the Extent of Learning?	p. 156
Does Saturation of Long-Term Potentiation Interfere with Stored Information or Occlude Subsequent Learning?	p. 160
Does Erasure of Long-Term Potentiation Cause Forgetting?	p. 164
Does Blockade of Long-Term Potentiation Impair Certain Types of Learning?	p. 165
Conclusions	p. 175
References	p. 178
Biological Approaches to the Study of Learning
Introduction	p. 185
What and How Do Animals Learn in the Wild?	p. 186
Overview	p. 186
Imprinting	p. 187
Song Learning	p. 191
Social Learning	p. 197
Other Examples of Learning in the Wild and Problems for the Future	p. 201
What Do Reinforcement and Association Formation Have to Do with Natural Behavior?	p. 201
The Issues	p. 201
The Role of Conditioning in Natural Behavior	p. 202
The Role of Natural Behavior in Conditioning	p. 204
How Should Animals Learn?	p. 206
Optimality Approaches to Learning	p. 206
When to Learn	p. 207
Conclusions and Implications	p. 209
Constraints, Predispositions, and Adaptive Specializations	p. 209
Biological Approaches and Comparative Psychology	p. 211
Biological Approaches to Learning and the Rest of Psychology	p. 211
Future Directions	p. 212
References	p. 212
Space and Time
The Cognitive Map	p. 221
Behavioral Consequences of the Position Sense	p. 221
Construction of the Cognitive Map	p. 224
Using the Map	p. 233
Time Sense	p. 237
Role of the Time-of-Day Sense in Learned Behavior	p. 238
Learning of Temporal Intervals	p. 239
Role of Interval Learning in Classical and Instrumental Conditioning	p. 240
Role of the Elapsed Interval since Training in Conditioned Responding	p. 247
Conclusion	p. 248
References	p. 248
Animal Memory: The Effects of Context Change on Retention Performance
Introduction	p. 255
Effects of Context Change on Human Verbal Retention	p. 256
Influence of Context on the Retention Performance of Animals	p. 258
Changes in the External Learning Context following Acquisition of a Single Response	p. 258
Changes in an Animal's Internal State following Learning of a Single Response	p. 260
Retention of Multiple Responses Learned in Different Contexts	p. 261
Limitations on the Contextual Control of Retention Performance	p. 263
Conclusions	p. 265
Context Specificity Explanations	p. 266
Reactions to Novel Environments and Altered Conditioned Stimulus Perceptions	p. 266
Loss of Contextual Excitatory Strength	p. 267
Alteration of an Excitatory Configural Cue	p. 268
The Encoding Specificity Hypothesis	p. 269
Understanding Contextual Effects on Retention: Current Directions	p. 271
References	p. 275
Social Cognition in Primates
Introduction	p. 281
History and Definition	p. 281
Overview	p. 282
Review of Empirical Studies	p. 283
Imitation	p. 283
Mirror-Guided Body Inspection	p. 287
Social Relationships	p. 289
Role Taking	p. 291
Deception	p. 293
Perspective Taking	p. 296
Conclusion	p. 299
References	p. 300
Language in Comparative Perspective
Views of Language	p. 307
Animals and Language	p. 308
Language and Its Definition	p. 309
Evolution and Language	p. 309
Constraints on Speech by Apes	p. 310
Nonspeech Methods	p. 311
Categorization Skills and Semantics	p. 318
Cross-Modal Tests and Statements of Imminent Actions	p. 319
Simulation Studies	p. 320
Training of Comprehension Skills	p. 320
Fostering Comprehension Skills through Early Rearing	p. 321
Studies with the Bonobo	p. 322
Kanzi: Observational Learning and Single-Word Speech Comprehension	p. 322
Chimpanzee and Bonobo Compared	p. 324
Ape Speech Comprehension Compared to a Human Child	p. 325
A Sensitive Age for Language Acquisition	p. 327
Summary	p. 328
References	p. 328
Human Associative Learning
Introduction	p. 335
Dependent Measures	p. 337
Effects of Contingency on Associative Learning	p. 339
Statistical Models	p. 342
Instance Theories	p. 346
Contingency Effects	p. 349
Artificial Grammar Learning	p. 350
Representation and Learning in Instance Theories	p. 352
Connectionist Models	p. 357
Experimental Tests	p. 358
Internal Representations	p. 361
Current Challenges to Connectionist Models	p. 363
Rule Learning	p. 365
Conclusions	p. 368
References	p. 368
Index	p. 375
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

You might also enjoy...

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

Neuropsychology

Summary

Table of Contents

You might also enjoy...