New Directions in Nursing History:

"This collection of essays demonstrates the international scope of history of nursing scholarship today, encompassing studies from Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada and Europe. The authors examine the social and ethical issues which challenge nurses and midwives in different cultures; the transcultural issues which arise when carers move from one culture to another; and the process of professionalization for women over three centuries. The book highlights the significance of nursing in the history of women's lives and work." "This will make fascinating reading for students and researchers in the history of medicine and nursing, women's history and cultural history."--BOOK JACKET.

Acknowledgements

xi

Contributors

xii

Foreword

xv

Introduction: the history of nursing: yesterday, today and tomorrow

1

(21)

Barbara Mortimer

The background

1

(4)

Women's history

5

(1)

Gender

6

(2)

Professionalization

8

(1)

An international agenda: race and ethnicity

9

(1)

Education and knowledge

10

(1)

Nursing and the military

11

(1)

The history of caring

11

(2)

Sources

13

(1)

Conclusion

14

(2)

Notes

16

(6)

Ethical lives in the early nineteenth century: nursing and a history of caring

22

(18)

Julia Hallam

Working with (auto)biographies

23

(2)

The ethics of care

25

(2)

The context of caring

27

(3)

Nursing knowledge, skills and caring

30

(4)

Conclusion

34

(3)

Notes

37

(3)

Bergljot Larsson (1883--1968), founder and leader of the Norwegian Nursing Association: a case study of the influence of international nursing

40

(15)

Sigrun Hvalvik

The starting point

41

(1)

The women's movement

41

(1)

The campaign for state registration

42

(2)

Ideals and ideas

44

(1)

Returning to Norway

45

(1)

Work of preparation

46

(2)

The founding of the Norwegian Nursing Association

48

(3)

Conclusion

51

(1)

Notes

52

(3)

Puerperal fever as a source of conflict between midwives and medical men in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain

55

(13)

Christine E. Hallett

Midwifery practice in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

55

(2)

The medical writings of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

57

(2)

Medical theories of puerperal fever

59

(3)

The responses of the midwives

62

(2)

Conclusion

64

(1)

Notes

65

(3)

Sanba and their clients: midwives and the medicalization of childbirth in Japan 1868 to c. 1920

68

(18)

Aya Homei

Ogata Masakiyo and Josan no Shiori

69

(2)

The modern as a model: case histories from new-midwives

71

(1)

Construction of the dangerous and ignorant pre-modern

72

(2)

The reality in the field

74

(5)

Old-midwives criminalized

79

(2)

Conclusion

81

(1)

Notes

82

(4)

US organized medicine's perspective of nursing: review of the Journal of the American Medical Association, 1883--1935

86

(23)

Brigid Lusk

Julie Fisher Robertson

Honeymoon period for nursing

88

(2)

Emerging concerns about nursing: the 1890s

90

(2)

The early twentieth century: concerns about nursing intensify

92

(4)

The First World War

96

(2)

The 1920s

98

(4)

The Depression years

102

(1)

Conclusion

103

(1)

Notes

104

(5)

Race, identity and the nursing profession in South Africa, c. 1850--1958

109

(16)

Helen Sweet

Anne Digby

The development of a divided nursing profession

109

(4)

Nessie Knight Hospital, Sulenkama

113

(7)

Significant issues

120

(2)

Notes

122

(3)

Health care and nursing coordination during the Nazi era in the region of Osnabruck

125

(16)

Mathilde Hackmann

The region of Osnabruck

126

(1)

Structure of government during the Nazi era

126

(2)

Health care and nursing

128

(1)

National Socialist coordination in the region of Osnabruck

129

(8)

Conclusion

137

(1)

Notes

138

(3)

`In England we did nursing': Caribbean and British nurses in Great Britain and Canada, 1950--70

141

(17)

Margaret Shkimba

Karen Flynn

Training, education and identity formation

142

(3)

The migration of Caribbean women

145

(1)

Caribbean and British nurse migration to Canada

146

(1)

The shortage in Canada

147

(2)

Working in Canada

149

(2)

Practice restrictions

151

(3)

Conclusion

154

(1)

Notes

155

(3)

`Beware of worthless imitations': advertising in nursing periodicals, c. 1888--1945

158

(21)

Elaine Thomson

`In touch with modern methods': advertising in the nursing press to c. 1900

159

(4)

`Working for the welfare of mothers and infants': advertising to c. 1929

163

(2)

Recession, advertising and the nurse on duty

165

(4)

Hard sell: guilt, fear and the nurse off duty

169

(3)

Nursing, consumption and ideology

172

(2)

Conclusion

174

(1)

Notes

175

(4)

Exploring the maternity archive of the St Helens Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand, 1907--22: an historian and midwife collaborate

179

(15)

Pamela J. Wood

Maralyn Foureur

St Helens Hospitals

180

(3)

Maternal deaths

183

(2)

Tears and sutures: inscribing the perineum

185

(2)

The descriptive gaze: breasts and breastfeeding

187

(3)

Conclusion

190

(1)

Acknowledgements

191

(1)

Notes

191

(3)

Common working ground

194

(9)

Joan E. Lynaugh

Eight subjects for study

195

(5)

Things to worry about

200

(1)

What can be gained by an international approach to the history of nursing?

201

(1)

Conclusion

201

(1)

Notes

202

(1)

Index

203

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New Directions in Nursing History: International Perspectives

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials