The New Testament World

A classroom standard for two decades,The New Testament World: Insights from Cultural Anthropologyhas introduced students to both the New Testament and the social-scientific study of the New Testament. This revised and expanded third edition offers new chapters on envy and the Jesus movement, updates chapters from earlier editions, augments the bibliography, and offers student study questions.

Bruce J. Malina is Professor, Department of Theology, Creighton University

Preface

xi

Acknowledgments

xv

Introduction: Bible Study and Cultural Anthropology

1

(6)

Presuppositions behind This Book

7

(1)

Nature, Culture, Person

7

(4)

Understanding Culture

11

(2)

The Bigger Picture---Cultural Cues

13

(4)

Why the Bigger Picture---Humans as Model Makers

17

(2)

Models in Cultural Anthropology

19

(5)

Summary

24

(1)

References and Suggested Readings

25

(2)

Honor and Shame: Pivotal Values of the First-Century Mediterranean World

27

(31)

Understanding Honor

30

(2)

How Does a Person Get a Grant of Honor?

32

(1)

How Honor Is Acquired

33

(3)

Honor Symboled by Blood

36

(1)

Honor Symboled by Name

37

(1)

How Honor Is Displayed and Recognized

38

(2)

Honor and the Interpretation of a Challenge

40

(3)

Honor and Going to Court

43

(1)

Dimensions of Collective Honor

43

(3)

Honor and the Moral Division of Labor: The Double Standard

46

(2)

Toward Defining Honor and Shame

48

(3)

A Significant Clarification

51

(1)

Summary

52

(4)

References and Suggested Readings

56

(2)

The First-Century Personality: The Individual and the Group

58

(23)

The First-Century Personality

58

(2)

Group-Oriented Personality

60

(8)

The Makeup of Human Beings: A Three-Zone Model

68

(3)

The Makeup of Human Beings and God

71

(4)

Summary

75

(4)

References and Suggested Readings

79

(2)

The Perception of Limited Good: Maintaining One's Social Status

81

(27)

Ruralized Society

81

(1)

Kinship

82

(1)

Politics

83

(1)

City and Country

83

(2)

The Preindustrial City

85

(4)

Limited Good: A Basic Cue of Perception

89

(1)

The Honorable Person's Defensive Strategy

90

(3)

The Honorable Person's Dyadic Alliances

93

(4)

Limited Good and the Accumulation of Wealth

97

(3)

Limited Good and Personal Causality

100

(4)

Limited Good and the Structured Social World

104

(1)

Summary

105

(1)

References and Suggested Readings

106

(2)

Envy---The Most Grievous of All Evils: Envy and the Evil-Eye in the First-Century Mediterranean World

108

(26)

The Social Roots of Envy

108

(2)

Envy and Honor Concerns

110

(2)

Envy and Limited Good

112

(6)

Observing Envy

118

(2)

Evil Eye: Proof of Envy

120

(3)

Protection against the Evil Eye

123

(2)

Protection against Envy

125

(1)

Envy Is Not Jealousy

126

(2)

Envy Is Not Hate

128

(1)

Envy Enters the Ten Commandments

129

(1)

Summary

130

(2)

References and Suggested Readings

132

(2)

Kinship and Marriage: Fusing Families Together

134

(27)

Kinship

134

(2)

Main Structural Features of the Kinship System Compared

136

(7)

Marriage

143

(2)

Marriage Strategies in the Bible

145

(13)

The Patriarchal Immigrant Period

146

(1)

The Israelite Period

147

(3)

The Postexilic Period

150

(4)

The Pauline Period

154

(3)

The Post-Pauline Period

157

(1)

Summary

158

(1)

References and Suggested Readings

159

(2)

Clean and Unclean: Understanding Rules of Purity

161

(37)

Sacred and Profane

161

(3)

Purity: Clean and Unclean

164

(1)

Anomalies and Abominations

165

(5)

General Israelite Perspectives

170

(3)

Classification of Persons in Israel

173

(4)

Classification of Clean and Unclean Animals

177

(3)

Sanctifying and Sacrifice

180

(7)

Purity Arrangements in Post-Jesus Groups

187

(9)

Summary

196

(1)

References and Suggested Readings

196

(2)

How Jesus Groups Evolved: Understanding Group Development

198

(23)

Why Small Groups At All

201

(6)

Stages of Small Group Development

207

(4)

Forming Jesus Groups

208

(1)

Storming in Jesus Groups

208

(1)

Norming in Jesus Groups

209

(1)

Performing in Jesus Groups

209

(1)

Jesus Groups Adjourn

210

(1)

Small Group Focuses

211

(1)

Social Movement Organization: Fictive Polity

212

(1)

Countermovement Organizations: Pharisees and Others

212

(2)

Elective Associations: Fictive Kin Groups

214

(3)

Summary

217

(2)

References and Suggested Readings

219

(2)

A Theological Conclusion

221

(2)

Study Questions for Testing the Hypothesis

223

(22)

Indexes

245

(7)

Index of Scriptural References

245

(6)

Index of Ancient Authors

251

(1)

Index of Subjects and Names

252

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The New Testament World

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials