Nicomachean Ethics : Aristotle

, by Ostwald, Martin

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ISBN: 9780023895302 | 0023895306
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/1/1962

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Summary

Enduringly profound treatise, whose lasting effect on Western philosophy continues to resonate. Aristotle identifies the goal of life as happiness and discusses its attainment through the contemplation of philosophic truth.

Introduction

Bibliography

xxv

Note on the Text

xxvii

NICOMACHEAN ETHICS

Book One

(30)

The good as the aim of action

(1)

Politics as the master science of the good

(1)

The limitations of ethics and politics

(1)

Happiness is the good, but many views are held about it

(2)

Various views on the highest good

(1)

Plato's view of the Good

(5)

The good is final and self-sufficient; happiness is defined

(5)

Popular views about happiness confirm our position

(3)

How happiness is acquired

(1)

Can a man be called ``happy'' during his lifetime?

(3)

Do the fortunes of the living affect the dead?

(1)

The praise accorded to happiness

(2)

The psychological foundations of the virtues

(4)

Book Two

(19)

Moral virtue as the result of habits

(2)

Method in the practical sciences

(1)

Pleasure and pain as the test of virtue

(2)

Virtuous action and virtue

(2)

Virtue defined: the genus

(1)

Virtue defined: the differentia

(3)

Examples of the mean in particular virtues

(4)

The relation between the mean and its extremes

(1)

How to attain the mean

(3)

Book Three

(31)

Actions voluntary and involuntary

(6)

Choice

(2)

Deliberation

(3)

Wish

(1)

Man as responsible agent

(4)

Courage and its sphere of operation

(2)

Courage: its nature and its opposites

(2)

Qualities similar to courage

(4)

Courage: its relation to pleasure and pain

(1)

Self-control and its sphere of operation

(2)

Self-control: its nature and its opposites

(2)

Self-indulgence

(2)

Book Four

(28)

Generosity, extravagance, and stinginess

(6)

Magnificence, vulgarity, and niggardliness

(4)

High-mindedness, pettiness, and vanity

(6)

Ambition and lack of ambition as the extremes of a nameless virtue

(1)

Gentleness, short temper, and apathy

100

(2)

Friendliness, obsequiousness, and grouchiness

102

(2)

Truthfulness, boastfulness, and self-depreciation

104

(3)

Wittiness, buffoonery, and boorishness

107

(2)

Shame and shamelessness

109

(2)

Book Five

111

(35)

The different kinds of justice; complete justice

111

(4)

Partial justice: just action as distribution and as rectification

115

(3)

Just action as fairness in distribution

118

(2)

Just action as rectification

120

(3)

Just action as reciprocity in the economic life of the state

123

(6)

What is just in the political sense

129

(2)

Just by nature and just by convention

131

(2)

The various degrees of responsibility for just and unjust action

133

(3)

Voluntariness and involuntariness in just and unjust action and suffering

136

(5)

Equity and the equitable

141

(5)

Is it possible to be unjust toward oneself?

Book Six

146

(28)

Moral and intellectual excellence; the psychological foundations of intellectual excellence

146

(1)

The two kinds of intellectual excellence and their objects

147

(3)

The qualities by which truth is attained: (a) pure science or knowledge

150

(1)

(b) Art of applied science

151

(1)

Practical wisdom

152

(2)

(d) Intelligence

154

(1)

(e) Theoretical wisdom

155

(3)

Practical wisdom and politics

158

(3)

Practical wisdom and excellence in deliberation

161

(3)

Practical wisdom andunderstanding

164

(1)

Practical wisdom and good sense

165

(2)

The use of theoretical and practical wisdom

167

(3)

Practical wisdom and moral virtue

170

(4)

Book Seven

174

(40)

Moral strength and moral weakness: their relation to virtue and vice and current beliefs about them

174

(2)

Problems in the current beliefs about moral strength and moral weakness

176

(4)

Some problems solved: moral weakness and knowledge

180

(5)

More problems solved: the sphere in which moral weakness operates

185

(4)

Moral weakness and brutishness

189

(2)

Moral weakness in anger

191

(3)

Moral strength and moral weakness: tenacity and softness

194

(3)

Moral weakness and self-indulgence

197

(2)

Steadfastness in moral strength and moral weakness

199

(2)

Moral weakness and practical wisdom

201

(2)

Pleasure: some current views

203

(2)

The views discussed: Is pleasure a good thing?

205

(3)

The views discussed: Is pleasure the highest good?

208

(2)

The views discussed: Are most pleasures bad?

210

(4)

Book Eight

214

(31)

Why we need friendship

214

(3)

The three things worthy of affection

217

(1)

The three kinds of friendship

218

(3)

Perfect friendship and imperfect friendship

221

(2)

Friendship as a characteristic and as an activity

223

(1)

Additional observations on the three kinds of friendship

224

(3)

Friendship between unequals

227

(1)

Giving and receiving affection

228

(3)

Friendship and justice in the state

231

(2)

The different political systems

233

(2)

Friendship and justice in the different political systems

235

(2)

Friendship within the family

237

(3)

What equal friends owe to one another

240

(3)

What unequal friends owe to one another

243

(2)

Book Nine

245

(28)

How to measure what friends owe to one another

245

(3)

Conflicting obligations

248

(2)

When friendships are dissolved

250

(2)

Self-love as the basis of friendship

252

(3)

Friendship and good will

255

(1)

Friendship and concord

256

(2)

Good deeds and affection

258

(2)

Self-love

260

(3)

Friendship and happiness

263

(4)

How many friends should we have?

267

(2)

Friendship in good and in bad fortune

269

(2)

Friends must live together

271

(2)

Book Ten

273

(30)

The two views about pleasure

273

(1)

Eudoxus' view: pleasure is the good

274

(2)

The view that pleasure is evil

276

(3)

The true character of pleasure

279

(3)

The value of pleasure

282

(4)

Happiness and activity

286

(2)

Happiness, intelligence, and the contemplative life

288

(3)

The advantages of the contemplative life

291

(4)

Ethics and politics

295

(8)

Glossary

303

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Nicomachean Ethics : Aristotle

Summary

Table of Contents

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