Notes on Feline Internal Medicine

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ISBN: 9780632033997 | 0632033991
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/27/2004

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Notes on Feline Internal Medicine is one of the first books in an exciting new series specifically designed, through an accessible note-based style, to ensure veterinarians and students have quick and easy access to the most up-to-date clinical and diagnostic information.This edition includes:Differential approach to common presenting problems and laboratory abnormalities Detailed information on conditions affecting each organ system and feline infectious diseases Short sections covering breed-related diseases, paediatrics, geriatrics and therapeutics are also included For ease of reference, major conditions are subdivided into clinical signs, diagnostic approach, definitive diagnostic tests and treatment

Abbreviations

Introduction

(4)

Section 1 Differential diagnosis

(64)

Clinical signs

(49)

Abdominal enlargement

(1)

Anorexia

(1)

Ascites

(2)

Ataxia

(2)

Behavioural changes

(1)

Bleeding/coagulopathies

(1)

Collapse/syncope

(2)

Cardiac murmurs

(1)

Constipation

(2)

Chronic coughing

(1)

Diarrhoea

(2)

Dysphagia

(2)

Dyspnoea (respiratory distress)

(2)

Dysrhythmias

(1)

Dysuria

(1)

Failure to grow

(1)

Haematemesis and haemoptysis

(1)

Haematochezia and melaena

(1)

Haematuria

(1)

Infertility - queens

(2)

Infertility - males

(1)

Jaundice (icterus)

(1)

Diseases of kittens

(4)

Lymphadenopathy

(1)

Paresis and paralysis

(2)

Ptyalism

(1)

Polyuria/polydipsia

(1)

Pyrexia (fever) of unknown origin (PUO)

(1)

Regurgitation

(1)

Seizures

(2)

Sneezing and nasal discharge

(1)

Stiffness

(1)

Stupor

(1)

Tremor

(1)

Vomiting

(2)

Weight loss

(1)

Common laboratory abnormalities

(13)

Anaemia

(1)

Platelet abnormalities

(1)

White blood cell changes

(1)

Amylase and lipase

(1)

Azotaemia

(1)

Calcium imbalance

(1)

Cholesterol and triglycerides changes

(1)

Electrolyte disturbances

(1)

Glucose abnormalities

(1)

Liver enzymes, bilirubin, ammonia and bile acids

(1)

Muscle enzymes

(1)

Phosphate

(1)

Protein abnormalities

(1)

Urinalysis

(4)

Section 2 Organ Systems

(182)

Respiratory disease

(15)

General examination of the respiratory system

(1)

Disease of the upper respiratory tract (URTD)

(5)

Mediastinal disease

(1)

Lower airway disease - feline bronchopulmonary disease

(3)

Pulmonary thromboembolism

(1)

Pleural disease

(5)

Diaphragmatic disease

(1)

Cardiology

(30)

Introduction

(1)

History and presentation

(1)

Congenital disease

(1)

Presenting clinical signs

(1)

Physical examination

(1)

Diagnostic aids

(3)

Arrhythmias

(5)

Congenital heart disease

(5)

Acquired cardiac disease

101

(4)

Management of feline heart failure

105

(8)

Pericardial disease

113

(2)

Heartworm disease

115

(1)

Blood pressure monitoring and hypertension

115

(1)

Gastrointestinal disease

116

(22)

Oral disease

116

(2)

Oesophageal disease

118

(4)

Gastric disease

122

(5)

Small intestinal disease

127

(7)

Large intestinal disease

134

(2)

Pancreatic disease

136

(2)

Hepatobiliary disease

138

(9)

Functions of the liver

138

(1)

History and clinical signs

138

(1)

Laboratory tests for liver disease

139

(1)

Diagnostic imaging

140

(1)

Liver biopsy

140

(1)

Liver disease

141

(6)

Renal disease

147

(18)

Functions of the kidney

147

(1)

Definitions

147

(1)

Physical examination

147

(1)

Laboratory investigation of renal disease

147

(3)

Imaging

150

(2)

Acute renal failure (ARF)

152

(4)

Chronic renal failure (CRF)

156

(5)

Glomerulonephropathy and glomerulonephritis

161

(1)

Pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis

162

(2)

Renal neoplasia

164

(1)

Familial renal disease

164

(1)

Ureteric disease

165

(1)

Lower urinary tract disease (LUID)

165

(13)

Introduction

165

(1)

Clinical signs

166

(3)

Managing the obstructed cat

169

(2)

Approach to idiopathic FLUID (iFLUID)

171

(3)

Management of urolithiasis

174

(1)

Lower urinary tract infection

175

(3)

Neoplasia

178

(1)

Urinary incontinence

178

(1)

Endocrine disease

178

(19)

Hyperthyroidism

179

(4)

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

183

(7)

Hyperadrenocorticism

190

(1)

Acromegaly

191

(1)

Hypoparathyroidism

192

(1)

Hyperparathyroidism

193

(1)

Hypoadrenocorticism

194

(1)

Hypothyroidism

194

(1)

Insulinoma

195

(1)

Diabetes insipidus

195

(2)

APUDomas

197

(1)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia and polyendocrinopathies

197

(1)

Neurological disease

197

(16)

Neurologic examination

197

(4)

Approach to the neurologic case

201

(1)

Multifocal disease

201

(2)

Diagnosis

203

(1)

Management of neurological disease

204

(2)

Prognosis in neurologic disease

206

(3)

Specific disease states

209

(4)

Neuromuscular disease

213

(5)

Disease spectrum

213

(1)

History, clinical signs and assessment

213

(1)

General approach

213

(1)

Inherited neuropathies

214

(1)

Acquired neuropathies

215

(1)

Myopathies

216

(1)

Neuromuscular disease

216

(1)

Autonomic nervous system

217

(1)

Skeletal disease

218

(8)

Introduction

218

(1)

Presentation

218

(1)

Investigation

218

(1)

Bone disease

218

(5)

Joint disease

223

(3)

Intervertebral disc disease

226

(1)

Disorders of the blood, haematopoietic and immune system

226

(13)

Blood disorders

226

(5)

Clotting disorders

231

(4)

Blood transfusion

235

(1)

Diseases of the immune system

236

(3)

Clinical nutrition

239

(2)

Nutritional requirements of cats

239

(2)

Life stage nutrition and energy requirements (See Table 27)

241

(1)

Dietary formulations

241

(1)

Dietary deficiency and toxicity

242

(1)

Nutrition of the hospitalised cat

242

(4)

Nutritional management of organ-related disease

246

(2)

Management of obesity

248

(3)

Section 3 Infectious Disease

251

(46)

Bordetellosis

253

(1)

Epidemiology

253

(1)

Route of infection

253

(1)

Pathogenesis

253

(1)

Clinical findings

253

(1)

Diagnosis

253

(1)

Therapy

253

(1)

Control

254

(1)

Viral upper respiratory tract infection

254

(3)

Causal agent

254

(1)

Route of infection

254

(1)

Incubation period

254

(1)

Pathogenesis

254

(1)

Clinical signs

255

(1)

Carrier status

255

(1)

Differential diagnosis

255

(1)

Diagnosis

256

(1)

Treatment

256

(1)

Control

256

(1)

Feline chlamydiosis

257

(3)

Causal organism

257

(1)

Epidemiology

257

(1)

Route of infection

257

(1)

Incubation period

257

(1)

Pathogenesis

257

(1)

Clinical signs

257

(1)

Diagnosis

258

(1)

Treatment

259

(1)

Treatment of a colony outbreak of Chlamydia

259

(1)

Vaccination

259

(1)

Zoonotic potential

260

(1)

Feline infectious anaemia

260

(2)

Causal agent

260

(1)

Route of infection

260

(1)

Incubation (preparasitaernic) period

260

(1)

Pathogenesis

260

(1)

Clinical findings

261

(1)

Diagnosis

261

(1)

Treatment

262

(1)

Prognosis

262

(1)

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)

262

(5)

Epidemiology

262

(1)

Route of infection

263

(1)

Incubation period

263

(1)

Pathogenesis

263

(1)

Clinical signs

263

(1)

Diagnosis

264

(2)

Treatment

266

(1)

Control

266

(1)

Vaccination

266

(1)

Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)

267

(1)

Causal agent

267

(1)

Route of infection

267

(1)

Incubation period

267

(1)

Pathogenesis

267

(1)

Clinical signs

267

(1)

Diagnosis

267

(1)

Treatment

267

(1)

Public health

267

(1)

Mycobacterial infections - tuberculous mycobacteria

268

(1)

Epidemiology and causal agents

268

(1)

Pathogenesis

268

(1)

Clinical findings

268

(1)

Diagnosis

268

(1)

Therapy

269

(1)

Public health

269

(1)

Feline leprosy

269

(1)

Clinical signs

269

(1)

Diagnosis

270

(1)

Treatment

270

(1)

Opportunistic rapid-growing mycobacterial infections

270

(1)

Clinical signs

270

(1)

Diagnosis

270

(1)

Therapy

270

(1)

Prognosis

270

(1)

Rabies virus

270

(4)

Causal agent

270

(1)

Route of infection

271

(1)

Incubation period

271

(1)

Pathogenesis

271

(1)

Clinical signs

272

(1)

Diagnosis

272

(1)

Treatment

272

(1)

Control

272

(1)

Vaccination

273

(1)

PETS scheme

273

(1)

Zoonosis

274

(1)

Feline retroviral disease

274

(9)

Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)

274

(2)

FOCMA (Feline oncornavirus cell membrane-associated antigen)

276

(3)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

279

(4)

Other retroviruses

283

(1)

Feline sarcoma virus

283

(1)

Feline syncytium-forming virus (FeSFV)

283

(1)

RD114

284

(1)

Toxoplasmosis

284

(2)

Causal agent

284

(1)

Life cycle

284

(1)

Clinical signs

284

(1)

Diagnosis

285

(1)

Treatment

285

(1)

Prevention

285

(1)

Zoonotic risk

285

(1)

Feline viral enteritis

286

(1)

Causes of viral enteritis in cats

286

(1)

Feline parvovirus (FPV)

286

(5)

Causal agent

286

(1)

Route of infection

286

(1)

Incubation period

286

(1)

Pathogenesis

286

(1)

Clinical signs

287

(1)

Diagnosis

288

(1)

Treatment

288

(2)

Control

290

(1)

Prognosis

290

(1)

Feline (enteric) coronavirus (FECV)

291

(1)

Other infectious diseases - viral infections

291

(2)

Non-suppurative meningoencephalitis ('staggering disease')

291

(1)

Cowpox

291

(1)

Hantavirus

292

(1)

Other viral disease

292

(1)

Bacterial infections

293

(2)

Cat scratch disease

293

(1)

Borreliosis (Lyme disease)

293

(1)

Cat bite abscess

294

(1)

Feline leptospirosis

294

(1)

Salmonellosis

294

(1)

Tetanus

294

(1)

Other bacterial disease

295

(1)

Rickettsial infections

295

(1)

Ehrilichiosis

295

(1)

Fungal infections

295

(1)

Aspergillosis

295

(1)

Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii

295

(1)

Protozoan infections

296

(1)

Cryptosporidia

296

(1)

Cystoisospora (Isospora)

296

(1)

Giardia

296

(1)

Section 4 Breed related diseases

297

(14)

Introduction

299

(1)

Cardiorespiratory

299

(1)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

299

(1)

Endocardial fibroelastosis

299

(1)

Patent ductus arteriosus

299

(1)

Persistent atrial standstill

299

(1)

Agenesis of nares

299

(1)

Pericardioperitoneal diaphragmatic hernia

300

(1)

Persistant right aortic arch

300

(1)

Gastrointestinal

300

(1)

Prognathic

300

(1)

Cleft palate/lip

300

(1)

Megaoesophagus and pyloric stenosis

300

(1)

Hiatus hernia

300

(1)

Interstinal carcinoma

300

(1)

Hairball

300

(1)

Urinary tract

300

(1)

Chronic renal failure

300

(1)

Amyloidosis

301

(1)

Polycystic kidney disease

301

(1)

Urolithiasis

301

(1)

Haematopoietic

301

(2)

Feline aortic thromboembolism

301

(1)

Neutrophil granulation anomaly

301

(1)

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

301

(1)

Clotting factor deficiencies

302

(1)

Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility

302

(1)

Thymic aplasia

302

(1)

Lysosomal storage diseases

302

(1)

Hepatobiliary disease

303

(1)

Extra-hepatic portosystemic shunt

303

(1)

Amyloidosis

303

(1)

Peliosis hepatica

303

(1)

Hepatic lipidosis

303

(1)

Reproductive tract

303

(1)

Chromosomal abnormality

303

(1)

Special senses

304

(1)

Deafness

304

(1)

Agenesis of third eyelid

304

(1)

Cataracts

304

(1)

Corneal dystrophy

304

(1)

Dermoid

304

(1)

Entropion

304

(1)

Ectopic cilia

304

(1)

Glaucoma

304

(1)

Microphakia

304

(1)

Nystagmus and strabismus

304

(1)

Optic nerve hypoplasia/aplasia

305

(1)

Retinal degeneration/atrophy

305

(1)

Musculoskeletal

305

(1)

Fold ears

305

(1)

Hereditary myotonia

305

(1)

Hereditary myopathy

305

(1)

Hypokalaemic polymyopathy

305

(1)

X-linked muscular dystrophy

305

(1)

Myasthenia gravis

305

(1)

Flat chested kittens

305

(1)

Craniofacial abnormality

305

(1)

Chondrodysplasia

306

(1)

Hip dysplasia

306

(1)

Patellar luxation

306

(1)

Sacrocaudal dysgenesis

306

(1)

Short tail

306

(1)

Neurologic

306

(1)

Hydrocephalus

306

(1)

Hyperoxaluric neuropathy-axonopathy

306

(1)

Hyperchylomicronaemia

306

(1)

Spina bifida

306

(1)

Vestibular disorders

306

(1)

Sphingomyelinase deficiency

306

(1)

Distal axonopathy

306

(1)

Endocrine

307

(1)

Diabetes mellitus

307

(1)

Hyperparathyroidism

307

(1)

Skin

307

(4)

Alopecia universalis

307

(1)

Hypotrichosis

307

(1)

Rex mutant

307

(1)

Cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis)

307

(1)

Seborrhoea oleosa

307

(4)

Section 5 Paediatrics and geriontology

311

(12)

Paediatrics

313

(6)

Major causes of kitten mortality

313

(1)

Physiology

313

(1)

Physical examination

313

(2)

Evaluation

315

(1)

Investigation of neonatal disease

315

(1)

Treatment of neonatal disease

316

(1)

Specific diseases affecting the neonate

317

(1)

Neonatal isoerythrolysis

318

(1)

Fading kittens

318

(1)

Vaccination

318

(1)

Geriontology

319

(4)

When is a cat old?

319

(1)

Effects of ageing

319

(1)

Nutritional changes

319

(1)

Nutritional needs

319

(1)

Common diseases of old cats

320

(1)

Assessment of geriatric cats

320

(1)

Pharmacology and therapeutics

321

(2)

Section 6 Therapeutics including chemotherapy

323

(10)

Introduction

325

(1)

Antimicrobials

325

(2)

Fluroquinolone

325

(1)

Chloramphenicol

325

(1)

Tetracycline

325

(1)

Potentiated sulphonamides

326

(1)

Penicillins

326

(1)

Aminoglycosides

326

(1)

Lincosamides

326

(1)

Metronidazole

326

(1)

Analgesics and sedatives

327

(1)

NSAIDs

327

(1)

Toxicity

327

(1)

Aspirin

327

(1)

Carprofen

327

(1)

Flunixin

327

(1)

Ketoprofen

327

(1)

Meloxicam

327

(1)

Paracetamol

328

(1)

Corticosteroids

328

(1)

Side effects

328

(1)

Cardioactive drugs

328

(1)

Drug alterations in renal failure

328

(1)

Drug alterations in hepatic insufficiency

329

(1)

Chemotherapy

329

(1)

Dose rates

329

(1)

Immunosuppression

330

(1)

Hydroxyurea

330

(1)

Lymphoma

330

(3)

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Notes on Feline Internal Medicine

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials