Nutrition in Public Health: Handbook for Developing Programs And Services

, by Edelstein, Sari, Ph.d.

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ISBN: 9780820541297 | 082054129X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/15/2005

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Supplemental Materials

Dedication

iii

Preface to Third Edition

Preface to Second Edition

vii

Preface

Introduction

Prologue

(5)

Problem A

(3)

A Word on Economics and Economists

(2)

The Origin of Antitrust Policy

(18)

The Federal Antitrust Policy: Origination of an American Tradition (1955)

(2)

Hans B. Thorelli

Antitrust in the Formative Era: Political And Economic Theory in Constitutional and Antitrust Analysis (1989)

(5)

James May

A Note on Standard Oil Co. v. United States (1911)

(9)

Federal Antitrust Law (1983)

(2)

Earl W. Kintner

Joseph P. Bauer

The Goals Of Antitrust: Economics as Ends or Means

(12)

The Antitrust Paradox (1978)

(3)

Robert H. Bork

The Antitrust Vision and Its Revisionist Critics (1990)

(3)

Walter E. Adams

James W. Brock

On the Uses of Economics: A Review of the Antitrust Treatises (1979)

(2)

Louis B. Schwartz

Introduction to Antitrust Economics (1989)

(2)

Phillip E. Areeda

Public Enforcement of the Antitrust Laws

(23)

Government Enforcement Overview

(1)

The Federal Trade Commission

(1)

The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice

(1)

Criminal Prosecutions and Sentencing

(3)

Consent Decrees

(1)

Government Enforcement Coordination

(1)

Government Civil Injunctive Remedies

(3)

The Interstate Commerce Requirement

(5)

Problem B

(1)

Antitrust Compliance Programs

(3)

Ethical Problems of Multiple Client Representation in Antitrust Enforcement Actions

(3)

Monopoly

Introduction

(3)

Problem A

(1)

Notes and Questions

(2)

Power

(34)

United States v. Aluminum Co. of America (1945)

(9)

Notes and Questions

(2)

United States v. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (1956)

(8)

Notes and Questions

(5)

United States v. Grinnell Corp. (1966)

(6)

Notes and Questions

(4)

Conduct

(73)

Problem B

(1)

United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corp. (1953)

(10)

Notes and Questions

107

(3)

Aspen Skiing Company v. Aspen Highlands, Inc. (1985)

110

(8)

Notes and Questions

118

(2)

Note on the Microsoft Litigation

120

(1)

Note on Olympia Equipment Leasing Co. v. Western Union (1986)

121

(3)

Otter Tail Power Co. v. United States (1973)

124

(2)

Notes and Questions

126

(3)

Notes on Miscellaneous Conduct Issues (Herein of Predatory Behavior)

129

(6)

Brooke Group v. Brown & Williamson (1993)

135

(18)

Notes and Questions

153

(2)

Transamerica Computer Co. v. IBM (1983)

155

(9)

Notes and Questions

164

(2)

Note on Predatory Pricing in the Regulated Industries

166

(1)

A Concluding Note on the Conduct Requirement

167

(2)

Attempts to Monopolize

169

(18)

William Inglis & Sons v. ITT Continental Baking Co. (1981)

170

(5)

Notes and Questions

175

(1)

Spectrum Sports v. McQuillan (1993)

176

(6)

Notes and Questions

182

(5)

Horizontal Restraints of Trade

Introduction

187

(1)

Price Fixing

188

(90)

Early Developments

188

(1)

United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Ass'n (1897)

188

(4)

Note on Joint Traffic (1898)

192

(1)

United States v. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. (1899)

193

(5)

Notes and Questions

198

(2)

Note on Cartels

200

(2)

Problem A

202

(1)

Chicago Board of Trade v. United States (1918)

203

(3)

Notes and Questions

206

(1)

Note on Appalachian Coals, Inc. v. United States (1933)

207

(4)

Problem B

211

(1)

United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. (1940)

212

(9)

Notes and Questions

221

(2)

Characterization Problems

223

(1)

National Society of Professional Engineers v. United States (1978)

223

(7)

Notes and Questions

230

(3)

Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. (1979)

233

(7)

Notes and Questions

240

(2)

Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society (1982)

242

(11)

Notes and Questions

253

(2)

Problem C

255

(1)

National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma (1984)

256

(14)

Notes and Questions

270

(4)

Note on Basic Sherman Act Analysis

274

(4)

Price Dissemination

278

(25)

United States v. Container Corporation of America (1969)

283

(6)

Notes and Questions

289

(1)

Problem D

290

(1)

United States v. United States Gypsum Co. (1978)

291

(9)

Notes and Questions

300

(3)

The Conspiracy Requirement

303

(45)

Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States (1939)

304

(5)

Note on United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. (1948)

309

(1)

Theatre Enterprises v. Paramount Film Distributing Corp. (1954)

309

(2)

Notes and Questions

311

(2)

Problem E

313

(1)

Note on Inferential Conspiracies in a Procedural Context

314

(6)

Problem F

320

(1)

Note on Oligopoly Pricing and Conscious Parallelism

321

(2)

Note on Product Differentiation

323

(3)

Note on Delivered Pricing, Base Point Pricing, and Inferential Conspiracies

326

(3)

E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. v. Federal Trade Commission (1984)

329

(9)

Notes and Questions

338

(2)

Note on Intra-Enterprise Conspiracies

340

(8)

Market and Customer Allocations

348

(22)

Note on Timken Roller Bearing Co. v. United States (1951)

349

(1)

Note on Output Controls --- Wages and Hours

350

(1)

United States v. Sealy, Inc. (1967)

351

(2)

Notes

353

(1)

United States v. Topco Associates, Inc. (1972)

354

(10)

Notes and Questions

364

(3)

Palmer v. BRG of Georgia, Inc. (1990)

367

(2)

Notes and Questions

369

(1)

Problem G

369

(1)

Group Boycotts and Concerted Refusals to Deal

370

(61)

Eastern States Retail Lumber Dealers' Association v. United States (1914)

371

(3)

Notes and Questions

374

(1)

Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. Federal Trade Commission (1941)

375

(3)

Notes and Questions

378

(2)

Associated Press v. United States (1945)

380

(2)

Notes and Questions

382

(3)

Klor's, Inc. v. Broadway-Hale Stores, Inc. (1959)

385

(2)

Notes and Questions

387

(4)

NYNEX Corp. v. Discon, Inc. (1998)

391

(5)

Notes and Questions

396

(1)

Problem H

397

(1)

The Purpose and Effect of Boycotts

398

(1)

Paramount Famous Lasky Corp. v. United States (1930)

398

(2)

Notes and Questions

400

(1)

Radiant Burners, Inc. v. Peoples Gas & Coke Co. (1961)

401

(1)

Notes and Questions

402

(2)

Problem I

404

(1)

Northwest Wholesale Stationers, Inc. v. Pacific Stationery and Printing Co. (1985)

405

(6)

Notes and Questions

411

(3)

Federal Trade Commission v. Indiana Federation of Dentists (1986)

414

(5)

Notes and Questions

419

(2)

Note on Non-Commercial Group Boycotts

421

(2)

Federal Trade Commission v. Superior Court Trial Lawyers Association (1990)

423

(4)

Notes and Questions

427

(1)

Review Problem

428

(3)

Mergers With Horizontal Effects

Mergers Among Actual Competitors

431

(77)

Introduction

431

(2)

Historical Perspective

433

(6)

The Celler-Kefauver Amendment

439

(1)

Brown Shoe Co. v. United States (1962)

439

(14)

Notes and Questions

453

(2)

United States v. Philadelphia National Bank (1963)

455

(7)

Notes and Questions

462

(1)

Bank Mergers

463

(3)

Other Supreme Court Merger Decisions

466

(4)

United States v. Von's Grocery Co. (1966)

470

(8)

Notes and Questions

478

(1)

United States v. General Dynamics Corp. (1974)

479

(12)

Notes and Questions

491

(1)

General Dynamics and Failing Company Defenses

492

(5)

The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Horizontal Merger Guidelines

497

(2)

Notes and Questions

499

(5)

Problem A

504

(1)

Note on European Community Merger Law

505

(3)

Other Mergers With Horizontal Effects

508

(45)

Introduction

508

(1)

United States v. El Paso Natural Gas Co. (1964)

508

(4)

Notes and Questions

512

(1)

Entrenchment and Potential Competition

513

(1)

Federal Trade Commission v. Procter & Gamble Co. (1967)

513

(9)

Notes and Questions

522

(3)

Note on Ford Motor Co. v. United States (1972)

525

(1)

United States v. Falstaff Brewing Co. (1973)

525

(3)

Notes and Questions

528

(1)

Note on Marine Bancorporation (1974) and Connecticut National Bank (1974)

529

(3)

Boc International, Ltd. v. Federal Trade Commission (1977)

532

(4)

Notes and Questions

536

(5)

Section 7 and Reciprocity

541

(2)

Section 7 and Joint Ventures

543

(1)

Note on United States v. Penn-Olin Chemical Co. (1964)

543

(3)

Note on the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984

546

(1)

Conglomerate Mergers in the 1990s

547

(1)

Merger Guidelines --- Horizontal Effects From Non-Horizontal Mergers

548

(1)

Notes and Questions

549

(1)

Problem B

549

(1)

The Reach of Section 7: Partial Asset Acquisitions and Solely for Investment Stock Purchases

550

(1)

Premerger Notification

551

(1)

Section 8 of the Clayton Act

551

(2)

Vertical Restraints

Introduction

553

(2)

The Agreement Requirement of Section One of the Sherman Act

555

(34)

Problem: The Goodwear Tire Company

556

(1)

Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. Park & Sons (1911)

557

(3)

Notes and Questions

560

(1)

United States v. Colgate & Company (1919)

561

(3)

Note on the Hazards of Giving Colgate Advice

564

(4)

Note on Proving the Vertical Agreement

568

(1)

Monsanto Co. v. Spray-Rite Service Corp. (1984)

569

(6)

Notes and Questions

575

(2)

Business Electronics Corp. v. Sharp Electronics Corp. (1988)

577

(7)

Notes and Questions

584

(3)

Note on Identifying the Parties to the ``Agreement''

587

(2)

Assessing the Reasonableness of Vertical Restraints

589

(35)

Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. (1977)

589

(16)

Notes and Questions

605

(7)

Copy-Data Systems, Inc. v. Toshiba America, Inc. (1981)

612

(3)

Notes and Questions

615

(2)

State Oil Co. v. Khan (1997)

617

(6)

Notes and Questions

623

(1)

Agency and Consignment

624

(10)

United States v. General Electric Co. (1926)

625

(3)

Simpson v. Union Oil Co. (1964)

628

(4)

Notes and Questions

632

(2)

Restrictions Affecting Competitors of the Manufacturer (Herein of Tying and Exclusive Dealing)

634

(86)

The Goodwear Problem (continued)

634

(2)

Notes and Questions

636

(2)

Section 3 of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. § 14)

638

(1)

F. M. Scherer, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (1980)

638

(1)

International Salt Co. v. United States (1947)

639

(2)

Notes and Questions

641

(4)

United States Steel Corp. v. Fortner Enterprises (1977)

645

(5)

Notes and Questions

650

(2)

Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 2 v. Hyde (1984)

652

(13)

Notes and Questions

665

(7)

Eastman Kodak Company v. Image Technical Services, Inc. (1992)

672

(14)

Notes and Questions

686

(2)

Queen City Pizza v. Domino's Pizza (1997)

688

(8)

Notes and Questions

696

(4)

Note on Reciprocal Dealing

700

(1)

The Goodwear Problem (continued)

701

(1)

Standard Oil Co. v. United States (1949)

702

(6)

Notes and Questions

708

(3)

Tampa Electric Co. v. Nashville Coal Co. (1961)

711

(5)

Notes and Questions

716

(4)

Vertical Restraints as Part of More Formal Integrations

720

(25)

The Goodwear Problem (continued)

720

(1)

Notes and Questions

721

(1)

United States v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (1957)

722

(4)

Notes and Questions

726

(2)

Brown Shoe v. United States (1962)

728

(4)

Notes and Questions

732

(8)

U.S. Department of Justice Merger Guidelines (1984)

740

(5)

Private Enforcement of the Antitrust Laws

Introduction

745

(3)

Prerequisites and Limitations

748

(38)

Who Is a ``Person''

749

(1)

Injury to ``Business or Property''

749

(2)

Antitrust Standing and Antitrust Injury

751

(3)

Brunswick Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, Inc. (1977)

754

(5)

Notes and Questions

759

(2)

Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois (1977)

761

(10)

Notes and Questions

771

(4)

Note on Parens Patriae

775

(1)

Blue Shield of Virginia v. McCready (1982)

776

(5)

Notes and Questions

781

(1)

Note on Associated General Contractors of California, Inc. v. California State Council of Carpenters (1983)

782

(1)

Notes and Questions

783

(2)

Note on Class Actions

785

(1)

The Relationship of Government Suits and Private Plaintiffs

786

(4)

Government Judgments in Private Antitrust Litigation

786

(2)

Statute of Limitations

788

(2)

The In Pari Delicto Defense

790

(2)

Proof and Measurement of Damages

792

(11)

Bigelow v. RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. (1946)

794

(5)

Notes and Questions

799

(4)

Problem

803

(1)

Contribution Among Antitrust Co-Defendants

803

(3)

Note on Texas Industries, Inc. v. Radcliff Materials, Inc. (1981)

804

(1)

Notes and Questions

805

(1)

Injunctive Relief Under Section 16 of the Clayton Act

806

(20)

Cargill, Inc. v. Monfort of Colorado, Inc. (1986)

807

(10)

Notes and Questions

817

(2)

California v. American Stores Co. (1990)

819

(6)

Notes and Questions

825

(1)

Reasonable Attorney's Fees

826

(4)

Antitrust Exemptions and Immunities

Introduction

830

(1)

Private Attempts to Influence Government Decisionmaking

831

(38)

Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight Company (1961)

831

(6)

Notes and Questions

837

(2)

Allied Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc. (1988)

839

(7)

Notes and Questions

846

(3)

Problem A

849

(1)

California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited (1972)

849

(4)

Notes and Questions

853

(1)

City of Columbia v. Omni Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (1991)

854

(4)

Notes and Questions

858

(1)

Professional Real Estate Investors, Inc. v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (1993)

859

(8)

Notes and Questions

867

(2)

Problem B

869

(1)

State Regulatory Action

869

(60)

Parker v. Brown (1943)

870

(3)

Notes and Questions

873

(2)

Subsequent History of the Parker Doctrine

875

(3)

Problem C

878

(2)

California Retail Liquor Dealers Association v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc. (1980)

880

(2)

Notes and Questions

882

(1)

Southern Motor Carriers Rate Conference, Inc. v. United States (1985)

883

(6)

Notes and Questions

889

(4)

Federal Trade Commission v. Ticor Title Insurance Company (1992)

893

(10)

Notes and Questions

903

(1)

Note on Antitrust and Municipalities

904

(2)

Town of Hallie v. City of Eau Claire (1985)

906

(6)

Notes and Questions

912

(2)

City of Columbia v. Omni Outdoor Advertising, Inc. (1991)

914

(5)

Notes and Questions

919

(1)

Problem D

920

(1)

Note on Preemption

921

(1)

Fisher v. City of Berkeley (1986)

922

(5)

Notes and Questions

927

(1)

Problem E

928

(1)

The Labor Exemptions

929

(4)

The Insurance Exemption

933

(6)

Business of Insurance

934

(2)

Regulation by State Law

936

(1)

Boycott, Coercion or Intimidation

937

(2)

Selected Additional Exemptions

939

(2)

Agricultural Cooperatives

939

(1)

Fishery Associations

940

(1)

Newspapers

940

(1)

Soft Drink Industry

940

(1)

Small Businesses

941

(1)

National Defense

941

(1)

Joint Exporting Companies

941

(1)

Questions

941

(1)

Professional and Intercollegiate Sports

941

(3)

Antitrust and Regulated Industries

944

(5)

Note on Primary Jurisdiction and Related Concepts

946

(3)

Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Subject Matter Jurisdiction

949

(27)

Historical Perspective

949

(3)

Comity

952

(1)

The Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act of 1982 and the Hartford Fire Insurance Case

953

(1)

Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. California (1993)

954

(10)

Notes and Questions

964

(3)

Problem A

967

(1)

Note on Foreign Criticism and the Discovery of Documents Abroad

968

(8)

Defenses to Subject Matter Jurisdiction

976

(14)

W.S. Kirkpatrick & Co. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp. (1990)

976

(4)

Notes and Questions

980

(3)

International Association of Machinists And Aerospace Workers v. the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (1982)

983

(4)

Notes and Questions

987

(3)

Personal or In Rem Jurisdiction

990

(1)

Supplemental U.S. Statutes --- Antidumping Legislation and the Export Trading Company Act of 1982

991

(2)

Problem B

992

(1)

Antitrust Analysis in the Presence Of Conflicting Social Policy: Some Aspects of the Patent-Antitrust Relationship

Introduction

993

(4)

Problem A

993

(2)

An Historical Note

995

(1)

The Mechanics of the Patent Process

995

(1)

A Note on Antitrust and Patent Remedies

996

(1)

The Relationship Between the Patent Owner and the Licensee: The Case of Tying

997

(7)

Problem B

997

(1)

Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co. (1942)

998

(2)

Notes and Questions

1000

(4)

Other Relationships Between the Patent Owner and the Licensee

1004

(8)

Problem C

1005

(1)

A Note on Patent Licensing

1005

(1)

United States v. General Electric Co. (1926)

1006

(3)

Notes and Questions

1009

(3)

Relationships Among Patent Owners

1012

(17)

Standard Oil Co. v. United States (1931)

1013

(5)

Notes and Questions

1018

(1)

United States v. Westinghouse Electric Corp. (1981)

1019

(5)

Notes and Questions

1024

(1)

A Note on the 1995 Department of Justice & Federal Trade Commission Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property

1025

(1)

Defining the Crossroads of Intellectual Property and the Antitrust Laws: The 1995 Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property (1995)

1025

(4)

Richard J. Gilbert

Price Discrimination Under the Robinson-Patman Act

Introduction

1029

(2)

Historical Perspective

1031

(1)

Section 2(a) of the Robinson-Patman Act

1032

(81)

Jurisdictional Requirements of Section 2(a)

1033

(1)

Commerce

1033

(2)

Discrimination in Price

1035

(1)

Two or More ``Purchases''

1036

(1)

Completed Sales

1036

(1)

The ``Indirect Purchaser'' Doctrine

1037

(1)

Parent Company Sales to Subsidiaries

1038

(1)

Government Agencies and Non-Profit Institutions as Purchasers

1038

(1)

The ``Commodities'' Requirement

1039

(1)

The ``Like Grade and Quality'' Requirement

1039

(1)

The Requirement of Injury to Competition

1040

(1)

Primary-Line Injury

1041

(1)

Utah Pie Co. v. Continental Baking Co. (1967)

1041

(7)

Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission (1961)

1048

(3)

Notes and Questions

1051

(1)

Note on International Air Industries v. American Excelsior Co. (1975)

1052

(3)

Notes and Questions

1055

(2)

Brooke Group Ltd. v. Brown & Williamson Corp. (1933)

1057

(1)

Notes and Questions

1057

(1)

Problem A

1058

(1)

Secondary-Line Injury

1059

(1)

Federal Trade Commission v. Morton Salt Co. (1948)

1059

(5)

Notes and Questions

1064

(4)

Functional Discounts and Dual Distribution

1068

(4)

Texaco, Inc. v. Hasbrouck (1990)

1072

(9)

Notes and Questions

1081

(2)

The Cost Justification Defense

1083

(1)

United States v. Borden Co. (1962)

1083

(5)

Notes and Questions

1088

(1)

The Meeting Competition Defense

1089

(1)

Standard Oil Co. v. Federal Trade Commission (1951)

1090

(4)

Notes and Questions

1094

(4)

Falls City Industries, Inc. v. Vanco Beverage, Inc. (1983)

1098

(9)

Notes and Questions

1107

(1)

United States v. United States Gypsum Co. (1978)

1108

(1)

Notes and Questions

1108

(1)

Federal Trade Commission v. Sun Oil Co. (1963)

1108

(4)

Notes and Questions

1112

(1)

Buyer Liability Under Section 2(f)

1113

(17)

Automatic Canteen Co. v. Federal Trade Commission (1953)

1114

(8)

Notes and Questions

1122

(2)

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Federal Trade Commission (1979)

1124

(4)

Notes and Questions

1128

(1)

Problem B

1129

(1)

Proof of Damages

1130

(5)

J. Truett Payne Co. v. Chrysler Motors Corp. (1981)

1130

(5)

Notes and Questions

1135

(1)

Discriminatory Allowances or Services Under Sections 2(d) and 2(e)

1135

(3)

Brokerage Payments Under Section 2(c)

1138

(2)

Criminal Sanctions Under Section 3 of the Robinson-Patman Act

1140

Appendix A Selected Statutes

Sherman Act (1890)

(1)

Clayton Act (1914)

(14)

Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)

Appendix B Some Introductory Observations On Economics and Antitrust

(1)

Appendix C Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Antitrust Guidelines

Horizontal Merger Guidelines (1992)

(28)

Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines for International Operations (1995)

(32)

Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property (1995)

Table of Cases

(1)

Index

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Nutrition in Public Health: Handbook for Developing Programs And Services

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