Offending Behaviour

This book provides a comprehensive and up to date review of the relationship between psychology, morality and offending behaviour. It sets out the theory and research which has been carried out in the field, and examines the ways in which this knowledge has been used in practice to inform treatment programmes for offenders - in a variety of different settings (prisons, residential settings, in the community).The book is essential reading for forensic psychologists and others with an interest in the development of rehabilitation programmes for offenders. Moral reasoning is set firmly within the wider spectrum of approaches to offending behaviour.

List of tables and figures

vii

Preface

ix

Introduction

xi

Setting the context: theories of offending behaviour

1

(28)

Psychobiological theories

2

(9)

Psychodynamic theories

11

(2)

Learning theories

13

(4)

Cognitive-behavioural theories

17

(5)

Control theories

22

(6)

Summary

28

(1)

Theories of moral reasoning 1: Piaget and Kohlberg

29

(22)

Piaget's theory of moral reasoning

29

(4)

Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning

33

(3)

Social perspective-taking

36

(3)

Moral types

39

(1)

Evaluation of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning

39

(7)

Decentration and moral development

46

(1)

Stimulation of moral development

46

(2)

Other psychological approaches to moral reasoning

48

(2)

Conclusion

50

(1)

Theories of moral reasoning 2: critiques of Kohlberg's theory

51

(22)

Gender bias

51

(6)

Cultural bias

57

(5)

Conventions vs. moral values

62

(1)

Gibbs' theory of sociomoral reasoning

63

(8)

Conclusion

71

(2)

The measurement of moral reasoning

73

(25)

Types of measures

73

(1)

Production measures

74

(16)

Recognition measures

90

(6)

Conclusion

96

(2)

Moral reasoning and offending: theory and research

98

(26)

Relationship of moral judgment to moral action

98

(2)

Moral reasoning theory applied to offending

100

(3)

Evaluation of the moral reasoning and offending relationship

103

(9)

Moral values and the relationship between moral reasoning and offending

112

(1)

Sub-groups of offenders: offence type

112

(10)

Conclusion

122

(2)

Placing moral reasoning in a wider explanation of offending

124

(29)

Acquisition of moral judgment

124

(5)

Links to parenting/offending research

129

(9)

Links to social information processing model

138

(4)

Research into the Crick and Dodge model

142

(5)

Interactions between variables

147

(1)

Inclusion of moral reasoning into developmental model of offending

148

(3)

Conclusion

151

(2)

Interventions: implications for practice

153

(25)

Promotion of moral reasoning development

153

(2)

Macro-interventions

155

(2)

Micro-interventions

157

(1)

Multi-modal interventions

158

(9)

Other programmes

167

(10)

Conclusion

177

(1)

What next: the future for research and practice

178

(9)

Moral reasoning theory

179

(2)

Measurement of moral reasoning

181

(1)

The relationship between moral reasoning and offending

181

(2)

Interventions

183

(3)

Conclusion

186

(1)

References

187

(37)

Index

224

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials