Optical Formulas Tutorial

"Ideal for students preparing to take the ABO certification exam, the ABO Masters exam, or the COT exam and for professionals wishing to quickly brush up on optical formulas. This easy-to-use worktext offers a thorough review of optical formulas, with a wealth of diagrams, definitions, walk-through problems, and answer keys for all exercises. Coverage includes everything from sine, cosine, and tangent to resultant prism and resolving prism to polarized filters and image formation - and much more!"--BOOK JACKET.

Math Review

Signed Numbers

1

(4)

Addition of signed numbers

1

(1)

Subtraction of signed numbers

2

(1)

Multiplication of signed numbers

3

(1)

Division of signed numbers

3

(2)

Calculators

5

(2)

Significance and Precision

7

(1)

Rounding

7

(1)

Conversions

8

(2)

Metric-metric

8

(1)

English-metric

9

(1)

Sine, Cosine, Tangent

10

(2)

Scientific Notation

12

(3)

Addition and subtraction

12

(1)

Multiplication

13

(1)

Division

14

(1)

Theory of Light

Properties of Waves

15

(3)

Wavelength

15

(1)

Frequency

16

(1)

Velocity

16

(1)

Amplitude

17

(1)

Attributes of waves

17

(1)

Wave Formula

18

(1)

Diffraction

19

(2)

Properties of Rays

21

(1)

Photons, rays, pencils, and beams

21

(1)

Attributes of rays

21

(1)

Vergence

21

(2)

Illumination

23

(1)

Absorption, Reflection, Refraction

24

(1)

Factors affecting refraction

25

(1)

Law of Reflection

25

(1)

Laws of Refraction

26

(1)

Index of Refraction

27

(2)

Snell's Law

29

(2)

Critical Angle

31

(2)

Apparent Depth

33

(1)

Apparent Thickness

34

(1)

Lateral Displacement

35

(1)

Dispersion and Abbe Number

36

(2)

Review Questions

38

(5)

Lenses

Refraction Through a Lens

43

(2)

Convex lens

43

(1)

Concave lens

44

(1)

Focal Length Formula

45

(1)

Diopters

46

(1)

Lens Surfaces

47

(1)

Lens Types

47

(1)

Radius of Curvature

48

(1)

Surface Power Formula

48

(2)

Nominal Power Formula

50

(1)

Lensmaker's Equation

51

(1)

Cylinders and Compound Lenses

52

(1)

Lens Meridians

53

(1)

Optical Cross

54

(1)

A sphere

54

(1)

A cylinder

54

(1)

A toric lens

55

(1)

Rx notation

55

(1)

Putting the Rx on the Optical Cross

55

(7)

Taking the Rx from the optical cross

57

(1)

Minus cylinder form

57

(2)

Plus cylinder form

59

(1)

Cross cylinder form

60

(2)

Flat Transposition

62

(1)

Cross Cylinder Transposition

63

(1)

Hand Neutralization

63

(2)

Prescription Notation

65

(1)

Circle of Least Confusion

66

(3)

Spherical equivalent

68

(1)

Refractive Errors

69

(4)

Types of ametropia

69

(1)

Hyperopia or farsightedness

69

(1)

Myopia or nearsightedness

69

(1)

Astigmatism

69

(1)

Regular astigmatisms

70

(1)

Simple astigmatism

70

(1)

Compound astigmatism

71

(1)

Mixed astigmatism

71

(1)

Evaluating the astigmatism

72

(1)

With and Against the Rule Astigmatism

73

(2)

Power in Oblique Meridians

75

(2)

Vertex Distance and Effective Power

77

(2)

Effective Power

79

(2)

Compensated Power

81

(3)

Step-by-step method

81

(1)

Full formula method

81

(2)

Approximate formula method

83

(1)

Back and Front Vertex Power

84

(3)

Review Questions

87

(6)

Prisms

Prism Definitions

93

(1)

Dispersion of light by a prism

93

(1)

Object displacement by a prism

93

(1)

Prism Power

94

(4)

Deviating angle

94

(1)

Centrad

95

(1)

Prism diopter

95

(1)

Relationship between prism definitions

96

(2)

Lens as a Prism

98

(1)

Image Movement

98

(1)

Prentice's Law

99

(3)

Determining Overall Prismatic Effects

102

(2)

ANSI Standards for Prism: Z80.1-1999

104

(3)

Splitting Prism

107

(1)

Excessive or Unwanted Prism

107

(2)

Excessive or unwanted base-down prism

108

(1)

Excessive or unwanted base-up prism

108

(1)

Excessive base-out or base-in prism

108

(1)

Image Jump

109

(1)

Anisometropia

110

(1)

Vertical Imbalance

111

(1)

Calculating vertical imbalance

111

(1)

Bicentric Grinding or Slab-Off

112

(2)

Correcting Vertical Imbalance in the Reading Area Using Two Different Segment Styles

114

(3)

Vertical Imbalance for Unlike Add Powers

117

(3)

Resultant Prism

120

(1)

Base Direction and Prism Axis

121

(4)

Resolving Prism

125

(5)

Non-formula techniques for finding resolving and resultant prism

127

(3)

Multiple-Choice Examinations

130

(2)

Review Questions

132

(5)

Surfacing and Finishing

Lens and Frame Measurements

137

(7)

Boxing system

137

(1)

Datum system

138

(1)

Frame center distance

138

(1)

Decentration

138

(2)

Effective diameter

140

(1)

Segment height and drop

140

(1)

Segment inset and total inset

141

(3)

Minimum Blank Size

144

(1)

Base Curves

145

(2)

Base curve selection

145

(2)

Toric Transposition

147

(1)

Refractive Power Formula

148

(1)

Sagittal Depth and Lens Thickness

149

(4)

Approximate sag formula

152

(1)

Prism Thickness

153

(3)

Review Questions

156

(5)

Advanced Lens Formulas

Martin's Formula for Lens Tilt

161

(2)

Spectacle Magnification

163

(5)

Angular Magnification

168

(2)

Thompson's Formula for Obliquely Crossed Cylinders

170

(2)

Fresnel's Equation for Reflection

172

(2)

Anti-Reflective Coatings

174

(1)

Transmission Through Absorptive Lenses

175

(4)

Polarizing Filters

179

(3)

Review Questions

182

(3)

Image Formation

Image Size and Placement: Mirrors

185

(7)

Image Size and Placement: Thin Lenses

192

(3)

Principal Planes

195

(4)

Principal plane location in thick lenses

195

(4)

Image Size and Placement: Thick Lenses

199

(3)

Nodal Points

202

(3)

Diagram of the Human Eye

205

(1)

Review Questions

206

(3)

Appendixes

1. Basic Glossary

209

(6)

2. ANSI Standards: Z80.1-1999

215

(6)

3. Optical Symbols and Formulas

221

(10)

4. Trigonometric Tables

231

(2)

5. Oblique Meridian Table

233

(2)

6. References

235

(2)

7. Answers to Exercises and Review Questions

237

Index

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

FREE SHIPPING

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Optical Formulas Tutorial

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials