Optimal Device Design

Explore the frontier of device engineering by applying optimization to nanoscience and device design. This cutting-edge work shows how robust, manufacturable designs that meet previously unobtainable system specifications can be created using a combination of modern computer power, adaptive algorithms, and realistic device-physics models. Applying this method to nanoscience is a path to creating new devices with new functionality, and it could be the key design element in making nanoscience a practical technology. Basic introductory examples along with MATLAB code are included, through to more formal and sophisticated approaches, and specific applications and designs are examined. Essential reading for researchers and engineers in electronic devices, nanoscience, materials science, applied mathematics, and applied physics.

A. F. J. Levi is Professor of Electrical Engineering and of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Southern California.

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgements	p. xi
Frontiers in device engineering	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Example: Optimal design of atomic clusters	p. 3
Design in the age of quantum technology	p. 6
Exploring nonintuitive design space	p. 14
Mathematical formulation of optimal device design	p. 15
Local optimization using the adjoint method	p. 18
Global optimization	p. 21
Summary	p. 28
References	p. 29
Atoms-up design	p. 32
Manmade nanostructures	p. 32
Long-range tight-binding model	p. 35
Target functions and convergence criterion	p. 36
Atoms-up design of tight-binding clusters in continuous configuration space	p. 38
Optimal design in discrete configuration space	p. 42
Optimization and search algorithms	p. 45
Summary	p. 48
References	p. 49
Electron devices and electron transport	p. 51
Introduction	p. 51
Elastic electron transport and tunnel current	p. 57
Local optimal device design using elastic electron transport and tunnel current	p. 61
Inelastic electron transport	p. 71
Summary	p. 85
References	p. 86
Aperiodic dielectric design	p. 88
Introduction	p. 88
Calculation of the scattered field	p. 89
Optimization	p. 91
Results	p. 93
Efficient local optimization using the adjoint method	p. 103
Finite difference frequency domain electromagnetic solver	p. 104
Cost functional	p. 107
Gradient-based optimization using the adjoint method	p. 108
Results and comparison with experiment	p. 109
References	p. 120
Design at the classical-quantum boundary	p. 123
Introduction	p. 123
Non-local linear response theory	p. 124
Dielectric response of a diatomic molecule	p. 126
Dielectric response of small clusters	p. 129
Dielectric response of a metallic rod	p. 135
Response of inhomogeneous structures	p. 137
Optimization	p. 141
Summary and outlook	p. 147
References	p. 147
Robust optimization in high dimensions	p. 149
Introduction	p. 149
Unconstrained robust optimization	p. 152
Constrained robust optimization	p. 170
References	p. 186
Mathematical framework for optimal design	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
Constrained local optimal design	p. 194
Local optimal design of an electronic device	p. 204
Techniques for global optimization	p. 228
Database of search iterations	p. 237
Summary	p. 244
References	p. 244
Future directions	p. 246
Introduction	p. 246
Example: System complexity in a small laser	p. 247
Sensitivity to atomic configuration	p. 251
Realtime optimal design of molecules	p. 257
The path to quantum engineering	p. 258
Summary	p. 259
References	p. 260
Global optimization algorithms	p. 262
Introduction	p. 262
Tabu search	p. 262
Particle swarm algorithm	p. 263
Simulated annealing	p. 265
Two-phased algorithms	p. 268
Clustering algorithms	p. 269
Global optimization based on local techniques	p. 272
Global smoothing	p. 273
Stopping rules	p. 274
References	p. 275
About the authors	p. 277
Index	p. 281
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Optimal Device Design

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