Orbital Disease: Present Status and Future Challenges

, by Rootman; Jack

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ISBN: 9780824740894 | 0824740890
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/4/2005

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Summary

Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Guide supplies a current review of changes in the diagnosis and management of orbital inflammatory disease. Also covers infectious disorders, issues in oncology, thyroid disease, orbital vascular disorders, and the future of imaging and orbital surgery. Examines methodologies and vascular interventions for vascular malformations.

Introduction

Contributors

xiii

ORBITAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

Orbital Inflammatory Disease: Classification and New Insights

(14)

Jack Rootman

Definition, Classification, and Changing Paradigm in Orbital Inflammatory Disease

(1)

Role of Biopsy

(6)

The Role of Immune Mediators in Specific Inflammations

(1)

Changing Paradigms in the Treatment of Inflammation: The Rheumatologic Approach

(1)

Directed Treatments of Distinct Orbital Inflammations

(6)

Changing Paradigms in the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders

(10)

Kam Shojania

Abstract

(10)

Bacterial Infections of the Orbit: Current Status and Future Challenges

(8)

Gerald J. Harris

Inflammation: Definitions, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Contributions to Disease

(12)

Bruce M. McManus

Jonathan C. Choy

Future and Emerging Treatments for Microbial Infections

(20)

Anthony W. Chow

Challenges in the Treatment of Infections

(1)

Microbiologic Diagnosis

(5)

New Antimicrobials and Pharmacologic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

(4)

Emerging Antibiotic Resistance

(10)

ONCOLOGY

The Science and Value of Lymphoma Classification

(12)

Randy D. Gascoyne

Historical Perspective

(6)

Current Approach

(1)

Lymphomas of the Ocular Adnexa and Eye

(2)

Future Directions

(3)

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

(10)

Joseph M. Connors

Incidence and Epidemiology

(1)

Etiology and Risk Factors

(2)

Diagnosis, Classification, and Staging

(1)

Treatment

(2)

Special Comments Lymphoma Associated with the Eye

(5)

Epithelial Lacrimal Gland Tumors: Pathologic Classification and Current Understanding

(8)

Thomas J. Joly

Jack Rootman

Kenneth W. Berean

Valerie A. White

Hind M. Al-Katan

Sylvia Pasternak

Guilio Bonavolonta

Diego Strianese

Peerooz Saeed

Kenneth A. Feldman

Sumalee Vangveeravong

Jocelyne S. Lapointe

Chemotherapy of Epithelial Lesions: New Approaches and Directions

(12)

James H. Goldie

Abstract

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Steps Toward Tumor Specific Therapy

(1)

Cancer Specific Molecular Targets

(3)

DNA Array Analysis

100

(1)

Which Molecular Targets?

101

(1)

What is the Fundamental ``Cause'' of Cancer?

102

(1)

Bureaucratic Obstacles in Drug Development

103

(1)

Conclusions

104

(3)

Malignant Lacrimal Gland Tumors

107

(10)

George B. Bartley

The Management of Optic Nerve Sheath and Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas

117

(12)

John S. Kennerdell

Kimberly P. Cockerham

Roger E. Turbin

Joseph C. Maroon

Therapeutic Recommendations

120

(3)

Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas

123

(6)

Gliomas of the Anterior Visual Pathway

129

(10)

Jonathan J. Dutton

Clinical Characteristics

130

(1)

Presenting Signs and Symptoms

131

(1)

Radiographic Imaging

131

(2)

Ultrasound

133

(2)

Histopathology

135

(1)

Treatment and Prognosis

136

(3)

Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Optic Nerve and Meningeal Lesions

139

(8)

Roy Ma

Background

139

(1)

Definitions

140

(1)

Methods of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy

140

(6)

Future Developments

146

(1)

Summary

146

(1)

THYROID ORBITOPATHY

Pathogenesis of Graves' Ophthalmopathy

147

(10)

Colum A. Gorman

Abstract

147

(1)

Introduction

148

(1)

How are the Clinical Features of Graves' Ophthalmopathy Evoked?

148

(1)

Consequences of Swelling in the Retrobulbar Space

149

(1)

Consequences of Restricted Extraocular Muscle Motion

149

(1)

What Measurements Reflect the Underlying Pathology in Graves' Ophthalmopathy?

150

(1)

Why do Gags Accumulate in the Orbit in Graves' Disease?

150

(1)

Is Graves' Ophthalmopathy Definitely an Autoimmune Disease?

151

(1)

Could Graves' Orbitopathy Be an Infectious Disease?

152

(5)

Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: Principal Antigens and Significance of Corresponding Antibodies

157

(12)

Ian Epstein

Donald Smallman

Stephen Baker

Kate Lazier

Jack R. Wall

Mario Salvi

Abstract

157

(2)

Introduction

159

(1)

Clinical Subjects and Methods

160

(2)

Results

162

(3)

Discussion

165

(4)

Phenotypic Attributes of Orbital Fibroblasts Underlie Their Susceptibility in Graves' Disease

169

(14)

Terry J. Smith

Complex Activities of Human Fibroblasts are Generally Underappreciated

170

(1)

Orbital Fibroblasts are Comprised of Discrete Subpopulations of Cells

171

(1)

Orbital Fibroblasts Synthesize High Levels of PGE2 When Treated with Proinflammatory Cytokines

172

(1)

Proinflammatory Cytokines Enhance Hyaluronan Synthesis in Orbital Fibroblasts

173

(2)

Orbital Fibroblasts Display Cell-Surface CD40 and Respond to CD154

175

(1)

Fibroblasts from Several Anatomic Regions Can Express the Thyrotropin Receptor

176

(1)

Conclusions

177

(6)

Somatostatin Analogs in Ophthalmic and Orbital Disease: A Rationale for Their Use

183

(20)

Steven E. Katz

Marko I. Klisovic

Martin Lubow

Dino D. Klisovic

Introduction

183

(3)

Intraocular Tissues

186

(6)

Extraocular Muscles and Orbital Fibrocytes

192

(1)

Choroid Plexus and Arachnoid Granulations

193

(10)

Predictors of Disease Severity in Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy

203

(10)

Peter J. Dolman

Jack Rootman

Jugpal Arneja

Introduction

203

(1)

Methods

204

(1)

Results

205

(4)

Discussion

209

(4)

Prognostic Factors

213

(10)

Claudio Marcocci

Michele Marino

Roberto Rocchi

Barbara Mazzi

Francesca Menconi

Eugenia Morabito

Aldo Pinchera

Luigi Bartalena

Relationship Between Thyroid Disorders and Orbitopathy, Including Management Factors

223

(14)

Wilmar M. Wiersinga

Graves' Hyperthyroidism and Graves' Ophthalmopathy: One or Two Disease Entities?

224

(2)

Genetic and Environmental Factors Involved in Phenotypic Appearance of Graves' Disease

226

(1)

Influence of Thyroid Function on Graves' Ophthalmopathy

227

(1)

Effect of Antithyroid Drugs, Thyroidectomy, and Radioactive Iodine on Graves' Ophthalmopathy

228

(3)

Prevention of Graves' Ophthalmopathy by Earlier Diagnosis and Treatment of Graves' Hyperthyroidism?

231

(6)

Monitoring Activity of Graves' Ophthalmopathy

237

(16)

Wilmar M. Wiersinga

Clinical Utility of Measuring Disease Activity in Graves' Ophthalmopathy

237

(3)

Methods to Assess Disease Activity in Graves' Ophthalmopathy

240

(1)

Clinical Activity Score

240

(1)

Orbital Echography

241

(1)

Orbital Octreoscan

242

(1)

Orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging

243

(1)

Urinary Glycosaminoglycans

244

(1)

Serum Cytokines

245

(1)

Serum Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins

246

(1)

Conclusion

246

(7)

VISA Classification for Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy

253

(8)

Peter J. Dolman

Jack Rootman

Background

253

(1)

VISA Classification

254

(1)

Individual Section Measurements

254

(4)

Discussion

258

(3)

Current Medical Management of Thyroid Orbitopathy

261

(12)

Claudio Marcocci

Michele Marino

Roberto Rocchi

Barbara Mazzi

Francesca Menconi

Eugenia Morabito

Aldo Pinchera

Luigi Bartalena

Introduction

261

(1)

Nonsevere Graves' Ophthalmopathy

262

(1)

Severe Graves' Ophthalmopathy

262

(11)

Surgical Paradigms in the Management of Thyroid Orbitopathy

273

(12)

Jack Rootman

Introduction

273

(2)

Surgical Intervention During Active Orbitopathy

275

(1)

Stable Orbitopathy

276

(4)

Eye Muscle Surgery

280

(1)

Lid Procedures

281

(4)

Graves' Orbitopathy: New and Future Treatment

285

(16)

Michael Kazim

Pathophysiology of the Disease

286

(3)

Medical Therapy

289

(4)

Improvements in Orbital Decompression

293

(1)

Improvements in Eyelid Surgery

294

(1)

Strabismus Surgery

294

(7)

Management Controversies and Preferences in Thyroid Orbitopathy: Panel Discussion and Question Period

301

(20)

Jack Rootman

Frank Buffam

Panelists' Presentations

302

(8)

Question and Answer Session

310

(11)

VASCULAR INTERVENTION

A New Technique in Managing Distensible Venous Vascular Malformations of the Orbit

321

(14)

Thomas R. Marotta

Douglas A. Graeb

Jack Rootman

Introduction

321

(1)

Classification of Orbital Vascular Lesions

322

(1)

Anatomy of Orbital Region Venous Structures and Relationship with DVVMs

322

(2)

Clinical Manifestations of DVVMs

324

(1)

Investigation of DVVMs

325

(5)

Options for Treatment with Emphasis on New Technique

330

(2)

Results and Complications of Treatment

332

(1)

Future Considerations

332

(1)

Conclusion

333

(2)

Vascular Intervention: Current and Future Opportunities

335

(18)

Alan A. McNab

Introduction

335

(1)

Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistulas

336

(9)

Arteriovenous Malformations

345

(1)

Distensible Venous Anomalies

345

(2)

Preoperative Embolization of Tumors

347

(2)

Aneurysms

349

(1)

Future Directions

349

(4)

THE FUTURE

The Future of Imaging in Orbital Disease

353

(18)

Wieslaw L. Nowinski

Abstract

353

(1)

Introduction

354

(1)

Technological Advancements

354

(7)

Human Body Models

361

(1)

Present Computer-Aided Surgery and Simulation

362

(2)

Future Computer-Aided Orbital Surgery

364

(2)

Summary

366

(5)

The Future of Orbital Surgery

371

(10)

Robert Alan Goldberg

Index

381

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Orbital Disease: Present Status and Future Challenges

Summary

Table of Contents