Overexploitation or Sustainable Management?

The part played by the Brazilian tropical timber industry in deforesting the Amazon region has not been studied very much. This book describes the expansion of the timber industry in the Brazilian federal state of Para since the 1960s, when Amazon development became an important item on the government's agenda.

Imme Scholz, is research officer at the German Development Institute (GDI), Bonn, Germany, and is presently working in the Natural Resources Policy Program (NRPP) of the Pilot Program of the G7 for the Conservation of Brazilian Tropical Forests (PPG7), as an adviser in the Environment Ministry of Para State (Brazil)

Abbreviations

Summary

i

Introduction: Statement of the Problem and Structure of the Study

1

(19)

Empirical and Theoretical Points of Departure

5

(6)

Preliminary Remarks on the Choice of the Field of Study

11

(8)

Structure of the Study

19

(1)

Determinants of Natural Resource Use: Theoretical Approaches from the Field of Economics and the State of Research

20

(63)

State of the Research: an Initial Overview

22

(7)

Sustainable Development

29

(7)

Environmental and Resource Economics

36

(7)

Ecological Economics

43

(17)

Economic Analyses of the Exploitation of Tropical Forests

60

(23)

Utilization of the Amazon Forest from the View of Ecological Economics: Edward Barbier

61

(2)

Natural-resource Extraction as an Economic Dead End: The Model of Alfredo Homma

63

(3)

Nutrient Mining on the Agrarian Frontier and Destruction of Tropical Forests: Studies by the World Bank and IMAZON

66

(10)

Tropical-timber Trade and Tropical-forest Protection: The Analysis Conducted by Edward Barbier's Working Group

76

(4)

Tropical-forest Exploitation and Protection form the View of Allocation Theory: Studies form the Kiel Institut fur Weltwirtschaft

80

(3)

Alternative Approaches to Economic Action from the Fields of Sociology and Evolutionary Economic Theory

83

(48)

Sociological Approaches to Economic Action

83

(15)

Rational Action and the Determinants of Social Action

84

(12)

Is Sociology ``Blind to Nature''? Nature in Giddens' Theory of Structuration

96

(2)

Theories of Technical Change: Innovation, Evolutionary Processes, and Path Dependency

98

(21)

Systematic Overview and Basic Concepts

99

(7)

Economic Action as Action in Routines

106

(5)

The Process of Economic and Technical Change as an Evolutionary Process

111

(8)

Conclusions for the Methodological Approach Pursued by the Present Study

119

(12)

Conclusions

119

(11)

Stages and Sources Involved in the Empirical Study

130

(1)

Tropical Ecology and Sustaniable Forestry

131

(40)

Features of Forest Ecosystems in the Tropics

134

(9)

Sustainable Forestry in the Tropics

143

(14)

Effects of Sustainable Tropical-forest Management on Company Management

157

(3)

Ecological Certification of Forest Management

160

(11)

The World Market for Tropical Timber

171

(23)

Quantitative Developments in the World Timber Market

172

(15)

Quantitative Developments in the World Timber Market

187

(7)

The Timber Industry in Para and in Brazil in the 1990s

194

(72)

The Economic Framework Conditions

197

(10)

The Timber Industry in Brazil and in Para

207

(10)

Roundwood Production

217

(6)

Sales

223

(7)

Environmental Regulation of Forest Utilization and Timber-processing

230

(14)

Innovation Pressure and Innovativeness

244

(21)

Preliminary Conclusions on the Dominant Action Patterns in the Timber Industry

265

(1)

Historical Reconstruction of the Development of Para's Timber Industry

266

(86)

The Economic Framework Conditions

269

(10)

Para's Timber Industry between the 1960s and 1980s

279

(28)

The 1960s

279

(5)

The 1970s and 1980s

284

(10)

The Development of Para's Timber Industry between 1959 and 1985, as Mirrored by Statistics

294

(13)

Roundwood Production

307

(10)

The 1950s and 1960s

307

(2)

The 1970s and 1980s

309

(3)

The Development of Roundwood Production between 1975 and 1991, as Mirrored by Statistics

312

(5)

Sales

317

(9)

The 1960s

317

(5)

The 1970s and 1980s

322

(4)

The Model for the Development of the Timber Sector

326

(14)

The 1960s

327

(4)

The 1970s

331

(8)

The 1980s

339

(1)

Conclusions

340

(12)

Patterns of Resource Utilization and Foreign Trade: Results of the Study and Conclusions

352

(21)

Results of the Study

352

(5)

The Results Seen in Their Theoretical Context

357

(9)

Action Options

366

(7)

Conclusions for Development Cooperation

373

(11)

Development Cooperation and Sustainable Development in Para

373

(8)

Promotion of a Sustainable Development of the Tropical-timber Industry

381

(3)

Notes

384

(23)

Bibliography

407

(26)

Appendix

433

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Overexploitation or Sustainable Management? Action Patterns of the Tropical Timber Industry: The Case of Para (Brazil) 1960-1997

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials