Pervasive Computing in Healthcare

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ISBN: 9780849336218 | 084933621X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/16/2006

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With a holistic view, Pervasive Computing in Healthcare offers an overview of the subject and its application to problems in healthcare and disability. This book covers the basics, including various types of computer science tools and techniques, and introduces important models in applying technology to healthcare, disease, and disability. It presents specific examples of pervasive computing applications in various contexts, such as in the home or in the hospital, and how it can be applied as proactive or preventative methods to help with diseases. This text also provides an understanding of research and methodological issues related to developing technologies and evaluating their performance.

Section I: Introduction and overview to pervasive healthcare

Chapter 1 Overview of healthcare, disease, and disability

(18)

Jeffrey Kaye and Tracy Zitzelberger

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 Demographics, disease, and disability

(4)

1.2.1 Consequences of the demographic shift

(1)

1.2.2 Burden of disability and care needs

(1)

1.2.3 Disparately burdened groups: Socioeconomic status and gender

(1)

1.3 The healthcare model: Transforming with technology

(9)

1.3.1 Home- and community-based health

(2)

1.3.2 Outpatient care

(2)

1.3.3 Hospitals

(2)

1.3.4 Assisted-care communities and institutions

(2)

1.4 Conclusions

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 2 Computer science tools and techniques

(28)

Martha E. Pollack and Bart Peintner

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.2 Pervasive computing

(6)

2.2.1 Principles of pervasive computing

(1)

2.2.1.1 Decentralization

(1)

2.2.1.2 Diversification

(1)

2.2.1.3 Connectivity

(1)

2.2.1.4 Simplicity

(1)

2.2.2 Elements of pervasive computing

(1)

2.2.2.1 Devices

(1)

2.2.2.2 Standards and protocols

(1)

2.2.2.3 Application services

(1)

2.2.3 Applications to healthcare

(1)

2.2.3.1 Reduced cost of current tasks

(1)

2.2.3.2 Increased quality of care

(1)

2.2.3.3 Peace of mind for caregivers

(1)

2.2.3.4 Assistive technology

(1)

2.2.3.5 Reduced risk for common activities

(1)

2.2.3.6 Unimagined applications

(1)

2.3 Intelligent applications

(10)

2.3.1 Representing knowledge

(1)

2.3.2 Probabilistic reasoning

(1)

2.3.2.1 Bayesian networks

(1)

2.3.2.2 Dynamic models

(1)

2.3.2.3 Inference in dynamic models

(1)

2.3.3 Machine learning

(1)

2.3.3.1 Supervised learning

(1)

2.3.3.2 Unsupervised learning

(1)

2.3.3.3 Reinforcement learning

(1)

2.3.4 Automated planning

(2)

2.4 Privacy and security

(3)

2.4.1 Privacy

(1)

2.4.2 Authentication

(1)

2.4.3 Authorization

(1)

2.4.4 Integrity

(1)

2.4.5 Caveat user

(1)

2.5 Summary

(1)

2.6 To learn more

(1)

References

(6)

Section II: Architectures, systems, and technologies for pervasive healthcare

Chapter 3 Pervasive computing in hospitals

(30)

Jakob E. Bardram, Heribert Baldus, and Jesus Favela

3.1 Introduction

(2)

3.2 Contemporary computer technology in hospitals

(3)

3.2.1 Patient monitoring

(1)

3.2.2 Hospital information systems and electronic patient records

(1)

3.2.3 Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)

(1)

3.3 Challenges for computer technology in hospitals

(4)

3.3.1 Nomadic work

(1)

3.3.2 Collaboration and coordination

(1)

3.3.3 Mobility among heterogeneous devices

(1)

3.3.4 Rapid context switching

(1)

3.3.5 Integration of the digital and the physical world

(1)

3.4 Current trends in pervasive computing research for use in hospitals

(10)

3.4.1 Mobile and pervasive computing

(4)

3.4.2 Wireless sensor networks for patient monitoring

(1)

3.4.3 New human-computer interaction technology

(1)

3.4.4 Hospital groupware and collaboration support

(3)

3.4.5 User authentication and security

(1)

3.5 Discussions and conclusions

(6)

References

(4)

Chapter 4 Pervasive computing in the home and community

(26)

Donald J. Patterson, Henry A. Kautz, Dieter Fox, and Lin Liao

4.1 Introduction

(1)

4.2 Overview of research on assisted cognition

(3)

4.2.1 Location, navigation, and wayfinding

(1)

4.2.1.1 Nursebot

(1)

4.2.1.2 IMP

(1)

4.2.2 Wandering alert systems

(1)

4.2.3 Home ADL tracking and support

(1)

4.2.3.1 Smart homes

(1)

4.2.3.2 COACH

(1)

4.2.3.3 Autominder

(1)

4.2.3.4 PDA-based reminding systems

(1)

4.2.3.5 Wearable activity recognition systems

(1)

4.3 Opportunity Knocks: Assisting outdoor navigation

(7)

4.3.1 A usage scenario

(1)

4.3.2 System architecture

(3)

4.3.3 The inference engine

(3)

4.3.4 Status

(1)

4.4 Understanding home activities

(9)

4.4.1 Sensing using RFID

(1)

4.4.2 Modeling activities

(2)

4.4.3 Coarse-grained ADL recognition

(1)

4.4.4 Barista: Fine-grained ADL recognition

(1)

4.4.5 Modeling choices

(2)

4.4.6 Accuracy experiments

(1)

4.4.7 Improving robustness

(3)

4.5 Summary

100

(1)

Acknowledgments

101

(1)

References

101

(4)

Chapter 5 Mobile and personal health and wellness management systems

105

(30)

Elina Mattila, Ilkka Korhonen, and Niilo Saranummi

5.1 Introduction

106

(1)

5.2 Key building blocks

107

(1)

5.3 Stakeholders in health technology

108

(3)

5.4 Usage models

111

(19)

5.4.1 Fitness and wellness

113

(1)

5.4.1.1 Usage model of fitness and wellness technologies

113

(1)

5.4.1.2 Fitness and wellness applications

113

(2)

5.4.2 Risk management and prevention

115

(1)

5.4.2.1 Usage model of risk management and prevention technologies

115

(1)

5.4.2.2 Risk management and prevention technologies

117

(2)

5.4.3 Chronic disease management

119

(1)

5.4.3.1 Usage model of chronic disease management technologies

119

(1)

5.4.3.2 Chronic disease management applications

121

(3)

5.4.4 Acute disease management and early discharge

124

(1)

5.4.4.1 Usage model of acute disease management and early discharge technologies

124

(1)

5.4.4.2 Applications of acute disease management and early discharge technologies

125

(2)

5.4.5 Independent living

127

(1)

5.4.5.1 Usage model of independent living technologies

127

(1)

5.4.5.2 Applications of independent living

127

(3)

5.5 Discussion and conclusions

130

(1)

References

131

(4)

Chapter 6 Sensors and wearable technologies for pervasive healthcare

135

(26)

Sungmee Park and Sundaresan Jayaraman

6.1 Introduction

136

(1)

6.2 The healthcare challenge

137

(3)

6.2.1 Meeting the challenge: The pervasive healthcare paradigm

137

(1)

6.2.1.1 Continuous monitoring—the patient view

138

(1)

6.2.1.2 Continuous monitoring—the healthcare professional view

139

(1)

6.2.1.3 Continuous monitoring—the pharmaceutical industry view

139

(1)

6.2.2 Continuous monitoring—a way of life

139

(1)

6.3 Pervasive healthcare system: A patient-centric approach

140

(5)

6.3.1 The life cycle of unit operations

140

(1)

6.3.2 The enabling technologies

140

(2)

6.3.3 Requirements of a pervasive healthcare system

142

(1)

6.3.4 Technology trends and pervasive information processing

143

(1)

6.3.4.1 System- and information-related performance requirements

144

(1)

6.4 Wearable biomedical systems for chronic care

145

(6)

6.4.1 Classification of sensors

145

(1)

6.4.2 Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)

146

(1)

6.4.2.1 Commercial ABPM systems

146

(2)

6.4.3 Ambulatory cardiac monitoring: Holter monitors

148

(1)

6.4.4 Continuous glucose monitoring

149

(1)

6.4.4.1 Continuous noninvasive glucose monitoring by fluid extraction

150

(1)

6.4.4.2 Continuous, nearly noninvasive glucose monitoring by interstitial fluid harvesting

150

(1)

6.5 Integrated multiparameter biomedical monitoring system

151

(5)

6.5.1 Textiles: The information infrastructure for pervasive healthcare

152

(1)

6.5.2 The Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard (Smart Shirt)

152

(1)

6.5.2.1 The wearable motherboard architecture

153

(1)

6.5.2.2 Testing of the Smart Shirt

154

(1)

6.5.2.3 Launderability of the Smart Shirt

155

(1)

6.5.3 The next generation: Fabric as a sensor

155

(1)

6.6 Looking ahead: Challenges and opportunities

156

(2)

References

158

(3)

Chapter 7 Assistive technologies

161

(30)

Edmund LoPresti

7.1 Introduction

161

(1)

7.2 Communication assistance

162

(3)

7.3 Mobility assistance

165

(4)

7.4 Wayfinding

169

(3)

7.5 Cognitive assistance

172

(3)

7.6 Smart environments

175

(4)

7.7 Design considerations for assistive technology

179

(5)

7.8 Conclusion

184

(1)

References

185

(6)

Section III: Design and development of pervasive healthcare technologies

Chapter 8 Human factors and usability of healthcare systems

191

(26)

Andre Kushniruk and Elizabeth Borycki

8.1 Introduction

192

(1)

8.2 Background: Human–computer interaction (HCI) in healthcare and pervasive computing

193

(2)

8.3 HCI and the system development life cycle

195

(2)

8.4 Usability engineering methods for the analysis and improvement of pervasive computing applications in healthcare

197

(6)

8.4.1 Usability testing

198

(2)

8.4.2 Usability inspection

200

(2)

8.4.3 Modeling of workflow

202

(1)

8.5 Examples of HCI approaches to analyzing pervasive applications in healthcare

203

(7)

8.5.1 Use of PDAs by physicians

203

(1)

8.5.2 Use of Web-based applications by chronically ill healthcare consumers

203

(1)

8.5.3 Use and usability of smartcard technology

204

(1)

8.5.4 Pervasive computing and the elderly—toward a framework for analysis of pervasive applications in healthcare

205

(2)

8.5.5 Monitoring health status

207

(1)

8.5.6 Promoting safety

208

(1)

8.5.7 Aiding cognition

209

(1)

8.5.8 Promoting functional independence

210

(1)

8.6 Considerations for new and mixed modalities of interaction in pervasive healthcare

210

(2)

8.7 Discussion and conclusions

212

(1)

References

213

(4)

Chapter 9 Routes and requirements for realizing pervasive medical devices

217

(26)

Michael P. Craven

9.1 Introduction

218

(1)

9.2 Health technology assessment

219

(2)

9.2.1 The evidence-based environment

219

(1)

9.2.2 Reimbursement issues

220

(1)

9.2.3 Health technology and the role of HTA bodies

221

(1)

9.3 Medical devices and regulation

221

(14)

9.3.1 Definitions, principles, and classes

221

(1)

9.3.1.1 Definitions

222

(1)

9.3.1.2 Essential principles

223

(1)

9.3.1.3 Device classes

225

(3)

9.3.2 Regulatory matters

228

(1)

9.3.2.1 Conformity

228

(1)

9.3.2.2 Standards

229

(1)

9.3.2.3 Postmarket surveillance, vigilance, and adverse incident reporting

230

(1)

9.3.2.4 Data issues

231

(1)

9.3.3 Clinical studies

232

(1)

9.3.3.1 Ethics

233

(1)

9.3.3.2 Advances in clinical trials for devices

234

(1)

9.4 Routes for medical devices innovation

235

(2)

9.4.1 New product development processes

235

(2)

9.4.2 Special considerations for pervasive medical device development

237

(1)

9.5 Conclusions

237

(1)

Acknowledgments

238

(1)

References

238

(5)

Chapter 10 User evaluation in pervasive healthcare

243

(32)

Tim Adlam, Roger Orpwood, and Teresa Dunn

10.1 Introduction

244

(1)

10.2 The roles of user evaluation in pervasive healthcare

245

(1)

10.3 Evaluation in user-centered engineering design

246

(4)

10.3.1 Design methods

246

(1)

10.3.2 The conventional engineering design method

247

(1)

10.3.3 User-centered design

248

(2)

10.3.4 Implementing user evaluation in design

250

(1)

10.4 Forming a team

250

(1)

10.5 Recruiting and selecting evaluators

251

(3)

10.5.1 Ethics, informed consent, and people with cognitive disabilities

253

(1)

10.6 An initial user survey

254

(2)

10.7 Validated outcome measures

256

(2)

10.7.1 The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0)

257

(1)

10.7.2 Psychological Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (PIADS)

257

(1)

10.8 Intellectual property protection

258

(1)

10.9 The first evaluation

258

(2)

10.9.1 Beginning the first evaluation

259

(1)

10.9.2 Concluding the first evaluation

260

(1)

10.10 Installing systems in users' homes

260

(2)

10.10.1 Preinstallation survey

260

(1)

10.10.2 Installation guidelines

260

(1)

10.10.3 Installing systems in the homes of people with cognitive disabilities

261

(1)

10.11 Supporting users and devices

262

(1)

10.12 Interim evaluations

263

(1)

10.13 The final evaluation

263

(1)

10.14 Preproduction evaluation

264

(1)

10.15 Conclusions

264

(1)

10.16 Case studies

265

(7)

10.16.1 Case study: A cooker monitor for people with dementia

265

(1)

10.16.1.1 Observations from ENABLE

266

(1)

10.16.2 Case study: An evaluation of end user sensor installation in a domestic environment

267

(1)

10.16.2.1 Observations from the Home Energy Tutor

268

(1)

10.16.3 Case study: Evaluating Turvy—the Wizard of Oz method

268

(1)

10.16.3.1 Conclusions from evaluating Turvy

269

(1)

10.16.3.2 Applying Wizard of Oz to the healthcare context

270

(1)

10.16.4 Case study: Evaluating the CareNet display in situ

270

(1)

10.16.4.1 Analysis

272

(1)

10.17 Regulatory device evaluation and adverse incident evaluation

272

(1)

10.17.1 Product assessment

272

(1)

10.17.2 Adverse incident investigation

272

(1)

10.18 Conclusions

273

(1)

References

273

(1)

Bibliography

274

(1)

Chapter 11 The business of pervasive healthcare

275

(24)

Dadong Wan and Luis E. Taveras

11.1 Introduction

276

(1)

11.2 Enabling technologies

277

(3)

11.2.1 Health devices

277

(2)

11.2.2 Networks

279

(1)

11.2.3 Analytics

279

(1)

11.2.4 Interactions

280

(1)

11.3 The business case

280

(7)

11.3.1 Key business drivers

281

(3)

11.3.2 Calls for a continuous care model

284

(1)

11.3.3 Case study: Chronic care initiatives at Medicare

285

(2)

11.4 Examples of commercial applications

287

(7)

11.4.1 Remote cardiac monitoring

287

(2)

11.4.2 Health Buddy system

289

(2)

11.4.3 Philips Motiva

291

(1)

11.4.4 QuietCare system

292

(2)

11.5 Opportunities and challenges

294

(2)

11.6 Summary and conclusions

296

(1)

References

297

(2)

Index

299

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Pervasive Computing in Healthcare

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Table of Contents

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