Pharmacology in Anesthesia Practice

In anesthesia practice and treatment, pharmacology and therapeutics are intimately related, synergistic, and mutually reinforcing. Rapid advances in pharmacotherapy often offer myriad treatment options for clinicians to sort through when developing patient management strategies. In turn, the principles of clinical therapeutics are rooted in fundamental pharmacology. Clinicians must understand pharmacologic principles in order to formulate and implement therapeutic algorithms that maximize patient benefit. Pharmacology in Anesthesia Practice provides clinicians with a rapid and easy review of the most commonly utilized pharmacologic agents during perioperative care. Clinical application is emphasized throughout. It aims to offer clinicians point-of-care guidance from internationally recognized authors and centers of excellence.

Anita Gupta, DO, PharmD, is Chief of the Division of Pain Medicine and Regional Anesthesiology at Hahnemann University Hospital and Drexel College of Medicine.

Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

Contributors

1 Inhalational Agents
1.1 Volatile Anesthetics
Philip Gallegos, MD, Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

1.2 Nitrous Oxide
Philip Gallegos, MD and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

2 Induction Agents
2.1 Induction Agents
Ellen Wang, MD and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

2.2 Barbiturates
Katherine C. Normand, MD

3 Pain Medications
3.1 Opioids
Thomas H. Scott and Jane C. Ballantyne

3.2 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Chitra Ramasubbu, MD, Anita Gupta DO, PharmD

3.3 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Matthew Lesneski MD and Peter Yi MD

3.4 Acetaminophen
Chitra Ramasubbu, MD and Anita Gupta DO, PharmD

3.5 Benzodiazepines
Ellen Wang, MD

4 Muscle Relaxants
4.1 Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
Jared Feinman, MD and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

4.2 Succinylcholine
Jared Feinman, MD and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

5 Anticholinergics and Anticholinesterases
5.1 Anticholinesterases
Devin Tang, MD and Anita Gupta, DO PharmD

5.2 Anticholinergics
Anita Gupta DO, PharmD, Amna Mehdi, BS

6 Vasopressors and Inotropes
Priscilla Nelson, MD, Jonas A. Nelson, MD, and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

7 Anti-Hypertensives
7.1 Beta Blockers
Anita Gupta DO, PharmD, and Amna Mehdi, BS

7.2 Antihypertensives
Onyi Onuoha, MD and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

8 Local Anesthetics
Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

9 Antiemetics
Alissa Wilmot, MD and Sander Schlichter, MD

10 Gastric Medications
Shanique Brown, MD, and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

11 Anti-Inflammatory
11.1 Steroids
Lisa Witkin, MD, Anita Gupta, DO, PharmD

11.2 Antihistamines
Mona Patel, MD, and Anita Gupta, DO, PharmD

12 Antagonists - Narcotic Reversal
Gaurav Bhatia, MD, and Anita Gupta, DO, PharmD

13 Hematologic Agents
13.1 Dipyridamole
Elizabeth Duggan, MD

13.2 Adenosine Diphosphate Inhibitors
Michael J. Duggan, MD, Elizabeth W. Duggan, and Jiri Horak, MD

13.3 Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)
Elizabeth Duggan, MD, Michael Duggan, MD, and Maurizio Cereda, MD

13.4 Miscellaneous Anticoagulants
Michael J. Duggan, MD, Elizabeth W. Duggan, and Jiri Horak, MD

13.5 Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)
Elizabeth Duggan, MD and Michael Duggan, MD

13.6 Heparin and Argatroban
Crystal C. Wright, MD

13.7 Procoagulants
Peter Killoran, MD, and Katherine Normand, MD

14 Obstetrics
14.1 Prostaglandins (carboprost, misoprostol, alprostadil)
Cristianna Vallera, MD

14.2 Ergots (Methylergonovine Maleate)
Emily Baird, MD

14.3 Oxytocin (Pitocin)
Emily Baird, MD

14.4 Magnesium
Robert Gaiser, MD

14.5 Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist (Terbutaline)
Robert Gaiser, MD

15 Antiepileptic Drugs
Emily E. Peoples, M.D.

16 Bronchodilators
Anita Gupta DO, PharmD, and Amna Mehdi, BS

17 IV Fluids
17.1 Crystalloids
Katherine Chuy, MD, and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

17.2 Colloids
Katherine Chuy, MD, and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

17.3 Transfusion Products
Nina Singh Radcliff, MD

18 Electrolytes
18.1 Sodium/Potassium/Calcium/Phosphate
Yianni Augoustides and Tygh Wyckoff

18.2 Sodium bicarbonate
Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

19 Diuretics

20 Anti-arrhythmics
20.1 Anti-arrhythmics
Gaurav Malhotra, MD

20.2 Insulin
Elizabeth Valentine, MD and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

21 Mood
21.2 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Gregory Moy, MD and Nabil Elkassabany, MD

21.2 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Gregory Moy, MD and Nabil Elkassabany, MD

21.3 Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Gregory Moy, MD, and Nabil Elkassabany, MD

21.4 Antipsychotics
Gregory Moy, MD, and Nabil Elkassabany, MD

21.5 Lithium
Gregory Moy, MD and Nabil Elkassabany, MD

22 Antibiotics
22.1 Antibiotics
Nina Singh-Radcliff MD and Kris E. Radcliff, MD

22.2 Antiviral Drugs
Meghan Lane-Fall, MD and Todd Miano, PharmD, BCPS

23 Statins: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Jason Choi, MD, and John G. Augoustides, MD

24 Vitamins/Herbals
Ellen Wang, MD

25 Illicit Substances
25.1 Cocaine
Nabil Elkassabany, MD

25.2 Drugs of Abuse
William Gao and Nabil Elkassabany

26 Other Key Drugs
26.1 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)
Jesse Raiten, MD

26.2 Carbidopa
Shannon Bianchi, MD and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

26.3 Doxapram
Shannon Bianchi, MD

26.4 Caffeine
Shannon Bianchi, MD

26.5 Nitric oxide
Jesse Raiten, MD

26.6 Dexmedetomidine
Shannon Bianchi, MD

26.7 Acetylcysteine
Shannon Bianchi, MD

26.8 Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)
Matt N. Decker and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

26.9 Sugammedex
Mark Decker, MD, and Nina Singh-Radcliff, MD

26.10 Thyroid Medications
Mona Patel, MD, Anita Gupta, DO, PharmD