Phenomenology of the Social World

This book contains a thoroughgoing analysis of the role of objectivity versus subjectivity in the social sciences and the nature of human action . It also presents a philosophical analysis of the nature of social science as such, and raises as well as answers the fundamental question of whether to and to what extent the social sciences can provide us with a genuine understanding of human beings.

Acknowledgments

ix

Introduction

xv

Author's Preface

xxxi

Preface to the Second German Edition

xxxiii

Glossary

xxxv

The Statement of Our Problem: Max Weber's Basic Methodological Concepts

3

(42)

Preliminary Survey of the Problem

3

(12)

Max Weber's Concept of Meaningful Action

15

(5)

The Pregivenness of the Alter Ego and the Postulate of the Understanding of Subjective Meaning

20

(5)

Critique of Max Weber's Concepts of ``Observational'' and ``Motivational'' Understanding

25

(6)

Subjective and Objective Meaning

31

(7)

Transition to the Analysis of the Constituting Process. Clarification of the Concept of ``Attaching Meaning to an Act''

38

(7)

The Constitution of Meaningful Lived Experience in the Constitutor's Own Stream of Consciousness

45

(52)

The Phenomenon of Inner Duration. Retention and Reproduction

45

(8)

Husserl's Meaning-endowing Experiences and the Concept of Behavior

53

(4)

The Concept of Action. Project and Protention

57

(6)

Conscious Action and Its Evidence

63

(3)

Voluntary Action and the Problem of Choice

66

(3)

Summary: The Essence of Meaning in Its Primordial Sense

69

(2)

Amplification of the First Concept of Meaning: The Attentional Modification of Meaning

71

(3)

Further Amplification: Configurations of Lived Experiences. Context of Meaning and Context of Experience

74

(4)

The Construction of the World of Experience and Its Ordering under Schemes

78

(5)

The Schemes of Experience as Interpretive Schemes. Self-Explication and Interpretation. Problem and Interest

83

(3)

Motivational Context as Meaning-Context. (A) The ``In-Order-To'' Motive

86

(5)

Motivational Context as Meaning-Context. (B) The Genuine Because-Motive

91

(6)

Foundations of a Theory of Intersubjective Understanding

97

(42)

The General Thesis of the Alter Ego in Natural Perception

97

(5)

The Other's Stream of Consciousness as Simultaneous with My Own

102

(5)

The Ambiguities in the Ordinary Notion of Understanding the Other Person

107

(6)

The Nature of Genuine Intersubjective Understanding

113

(3)

Expressive Movement and Expressive Act

116

(2)

Sign and Sign System

118

(8)

Meaning-Establishment and Meaning-Interpretation

126

(3)

The Meaning-Context of Communication. Recapitulation

129

(3)

Subjective and Objective Meaning. Product and Evidence

132

(4)

Excursus: A Few Applications of the Theory of Objective and Subjective Meaning in the Field of the Cultural Sciences

136

(3)

The Structure of the Social World: The Realm of Directly Experienced Social Reality, the Realm of Contemporaries, and the Realm of Predecessors

139

(76)

Introduction

139

(1)

Preliminary Survey of the Problem

139

(5)

Social Behavior, Social Action, Social Relationship

144

(1)

Max Weber's Concept of ``Social Action.'' Other-Orientation and Affecting-the-Other

144

(7)

Weber's Concept of Social Relationship. Orientation Relationship and Social Interaction

151

(8)

The Motivational Context of Social Interaction

159

(4)

The World of Directly Experienced Social Reality

163

(1)

The Face-to-Face Situation and the We-Relationship

163

(4)

Analysis of the Face-to-Face Relationship

167

(5)

Direct Social Observation

172

(4)

The World of Contemporaries as a Structure of Ideal Types

176

(1)

The Transition from Direct to Indirect Social Experience. Continuous Social Relationships

176

(5)

The Contemporary as an Ideal Type. The Nature of the They-Relationship

181

(5)

The Constitution of the Ideal-Typical Interpretive Scheme

186

(8)

Degrees of Anonymity in the World of Contemporaries. The Concreteness of the Ideal Type

194

(8)

Social Relationships between Contemporaries and Indirect Social Observation

202

(5)

The World of Predecessors and the Problem of History

207

(1)

The Past as a Dimension of the Social World

207

(8)

Some Basic Problems of Interpretive Sociology

215

(36)

Summary of Our Conclusions to This Point

215

(5)

Indirect Social Observation and the Problem of Knowledge in the Social Sciences

220

(4)

The Function of the Ideal Type in Weber's Sociology

224

(5)

Causal Adequacy

229

(5)

Meaning-Adequacy

234

(3)

Objective and Subjective Probability

237

(2)

Interpretive Sociology's Preference for Rational Action Types

239

(2)

Objective and Subjective Meaning in the Social Sciences

241

(8)

Conclusion: A Glance at Further Problems

249

(2)

Selected Bibliography

251

(2)

Index

253

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Phenomenology of the Social World

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Table of Contents

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