Philanthropic Foundations

"Foundations are socially and politically significant, but this simple fact... has mostly been ignored by students of American history.... This collection represents an important contribution to an emerging field." -- Kenneth Prewitt, Social Science Research Council

ELLEN CONDLIFFE LAGEMANN is professor in the Center for the Study of American Culture and Education at New York University.

Acknowledgements

vii

Introduction: Foundations in History New Possibilities for Scholarship and Practice

ix

Ellen Condliffe Lagemann

PART I: Foundations as Organizations

Resolving the Dilemmas of Democratic Governance: The Historical Development of Trusteeship in America, 1636--1996

3

(40)

Peter Dobkin Hall

Foundations in the American Polity, 1900--1950

43

(26)

David C. Hammack

Private Foundations as Public Institutions: Regulation, Professionalization, and the Redefinition of Organized Philanthropy

69

(32)

Peter Frumkin

PART II: Case Studies in Early-Twentieth-Century Foundation Philanthropy

Constructing a New Political Economy: Philanthropy, Institution-Building, and Consumer Capitalism in the Early Twentieth Century

101

(18)

Meg Jacobs

Selling the Public on Public Health: The Commonwealth and Milbank Health Demonstrations and the Meaning of Community Health Education

119

(12)

Elizabeth Toon

Constructing the Normal Child: The Rockefeller Philanthropies and the Science of Child Development, 1918--1940

131

(20)

Julia Grant

Mary van Kleeck of the Russell Sage Foundation: Religion, Social Science, and the Ironies of Parasitic Modernity

151

(18)

Guy Alchon

PART III: Foundations and Recent Social Movements

The Ford Foundation and Philanthropic Activism in the 1960s

169

(26)

Alice O'Connor

The Ford Foundation's War on Poverty: Private Philanthropy and Race Relations in New York City, 1948--1968

195

(34)

Gregory K. Raynor

Grassrooting the System?: The Development and Impact of Social Movement Philanthropy, 1953--1990

229

(28)

J. Craig Jenkins

Abigail L. Halcli

When Grantees Become Grantors: Accountability, Democracy, and Social Movement Philanthropy

257

(14)

Susan A. Ostrander

The Ford Foundation and Women's Studies in American Higher Education: Seeds of Change?

271

(16)

Rosa Proietto

PART IV: Writing the History of Foundations

Going for Broke: The Historian's Commitment to Philanthropy

287

(9)

Barry Dean Karl

In Search of the Ford Foundation

296

(22)

Richard Magat

The History of Philanthropy as Life-History: A Biographer's View of Mrs. Russell Sage

318

(11)

Ruth Crocker

Local Philanthropy Matters: Pressing Issues for Research and Practice

329

(30)

William S. McKersie

The Future of Foundation History: Suggestions for Research and Practice

359

(18)

Lucy Bernholz

Bibliography: Recent Writings about Foundations in History

377

(28)

Susan Kastan

Contributors

405

(4)

Index

409

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Philanthropic Foundations

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials