Philosophy A Beginners Guide

Philosophy: a Beginner's Guide is unique in its approach to introducing philosophy. Its succinct and self-contained chapters make this jargon-free text accessible to people who have had little or no previous contact with philosophy.

Jenny Teichman is a Fellow of New Hall, Cambridge. She is the author of The Mind and the Soul (1974), Illegitimacy (1982), Pacifism and the Just War (1986), Philosophy and the Mind (1988), and Social Ethics: A Student's Guide (Blackwell, 1996).

Katherine Evans, a graduate of Cambridge, is an attorney for an international telecommunications company and writes logical aptitude tests for law students.

Preface to the Second Edition

vii

Preface to the Third Edition

ix

Introduction: What is Philosophy?

1

(6)

Part I Metaphysics: The Philosophy of Being and Knowing

7

(60)

Some Puzzles of about Existence

9

(8)

The Existence of God

17

(10)

The Existence and Identity of Persons

27

(7)

The Problem of Free Will

34

(9)

The Existence of Evil

43

(7)

The Problem of Knowledge

50

(10)

Scepticism Old and New

60

(7)

Part II Ethics: The Philosophy of Value

67

(38)

Morality and Illusion

69

(6)

Egoism and Altruism

75

(10)

Utility and Principles

85

(9)

Life and Death

94

(11)

Part III Political Philosophy: The Philosophy of State and Citizen

105

(48)

Authority and Anarchy

107

(9)

Liberty

116

(9)

Equality

125

(9)

Marx and Marxism

134

(10)

Politics and Sex

144

(9)

Part IV The Philosophy of Science

153

(30)

The Methods of Science

155

(8)

Causation

163

(9)

Induction

172

(11)

Part V Logic: The Philosophy of Inference and Argument

183

(42)

The Subject Matter of Logic

185

(4)

Syllogistic Logic

189

(10)

Modern Logic

199

(4)

The Propositional Calculus

203

(10)

The Predicate Calculus

213

(12)

Part VI Philosophy and Life

225

(20)

The Meaning of Life

227

(10)

The Influence of Philosophy on Life

237

(8)

Appendix I the Great Philosophers

245

(12)

Appendix II Philosophy in the Twentieth Century

257

(6)

Appendix III Philosophy Today

263

(3)

Bibliography and Further Reading

266

(6)

Index

272

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Philosophy A Beginners Guide

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials