The Philosophy of War and Peace

In this text, Teichman looks at the causes of war; the definition of a just war; wartime practices such as terror, torture, and hostage taking; anti-war campaigns, and much more.

Jenny Teichman is Emeritus Fellow of New Hall College in the University of Cambridge.

Preface

1

(4)

PART I: ON WAR AND JUSTICE

Chapter 1: The Causes and Aims of War

5

(12)

Causes and aims

Aims in history

von Clausewitz on war

Lenin on war

Speculation: George Orwell and Aldous Huxley

Speculation: Sigmund Freud

Chapter 2: Rules of War in the Ancient World

17

(6)

Customary law and the laws of war

Israel and Greece

Plato and Aristotle

Rome

Chapter 3: The Just War I: Philosophers and Jurists in the Middle Ages

23

(8)

The thoughts of St. Augustine

War and the religious orders

Developing the account of a just war

The conditions needed for a war to be just

War and punishment

Aggression, defence and uncertainty

Chapter 4: The Just War II: Philosophers and Clergy in the Twentieth Century

31

(10)

Elizabeth Anscombe's papers on war

The meaning of innocence

Anthony Kenny and others on war and deterrence

Vatican II and pacem in terris

Some difficulties.

Chapter 5: The Laws of War and the Red Cross

41

(12)

International law and the law of war

The Red Cross

International declarations

The resort to war and the methods employed

Savagery

The Nuremberg judgement

The Red Cross fundamental rules

PART II: THE LAWS OF WAR IGNORED

Chapter 6: All-out Aerial Warfare

53

(8)

'Gott straf England'

Bomber Harris

Bishop Bell

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Chapter 7: All-out War and the Ordinary Soldier

61

(6)

Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan

American soldiers in S.E. Asia and Iraq

Chapter 8: War and Science

67

(10)

Scientists and war

Aeroplanes

Chemical warfare

A scientific experiment

Engineers and physicists

Physicians and psychiatrists

Science and truth

Science and politics

Chapter 9: Deterrent Threats in the Cold War

77

(14)

The Cold War and deterrence

The uselessness of nuclear weapons: George F. Kennan

The ethics of deterrence: John Finnis and colleagues

Stalin not immortal

On choosing between evils

PART III: TERRORISM, TORTURE, HOSTAGES

Chapter 10: Terrorism

91

(8)

Politics and terrorism

Types of terror

On definitions How to define the word terrorism

A multi-faceted account

Chapter 11: Torture

99

(12)

Torture and the Inquisition

Dershowitz on torture

Official and unofficial torture

Reasons, good and bad, against advocating torture

Dershowitz and Bentham

A confused account of terrorism

Some opinions of clergy, scholars, physicians

Explaining torture and torturers

Chapter 12: Hostages and Ransoms

111

(10)

Hostages in Entebbe 1976

Hostages in Iran 1979-1981

Hostages in London 1980

Hostages in the Lebanon

Negotiating with hostage takers

The life and times of Terry Waite

PART IV: THE PEOPLE IN ARMS

Chapter 13: Guerillas and Partisans

121

(4)

The just war revisited

Guerillas, partisans, rebels

Morality and resistance

Chapter 14: The SOE versus the Axis Powers

125

(6)

The SOE and the resistance movements in occupied Europe

The inspiration of leaders in exile

The fates of Petain and Laval of Vichy France

Chapter 15: Resistance in Norway

131

(8)

The German invasion and Quisling

The resistance movement

Nazi terrorism

the attack on the heavy water plant

the end of the war

the fate of traitors

the moral power of resistance

Chapter 16: Guerillas in Cuba

139

(14)

The character and aims of Castro and Guevara

A very short history of Cuba

Guerilla war in Cuba

When and why did Castro embrace Marxism?

Von Clausewitz on guerilla war

PART V: AGAINST WAR

Chapter 17: Pacifism in the East

153

(10)

The Jains

the Buddha and Buddhism

the Emperor Asoka

Mahatma Gandhi

Ghosananda

Buddhist violence and its excuses

Chapter 18: Pacifism in the West

163

(10)

Pacifism and Christianity

Pacifist sects

The Society of Friends

Papal teachings during and after the Cold War

Pacifism not a unitary thesis

Possible classifications

Chapter 19: Conscription and Conscience

173

(8)

Conscription

Quakers during the Boer war and WWI

The Vietnam war

'Heck no, we won't go'

Chapter 20: Campaigns (Law-abiding)

181

(10)

The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

Canon John Collins

Bertrand Russell's tergiversations

Chapter 21: Campaigns (Non-law-abiding)

191

(8)

The Committee of 100

The Greenham Common women

Chapter 22: Pugwash and the Test Ban Treaty

199

(12)

The Pugwash conferences

John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev

Averell Harriman on the Test Ban Treaty

The Test Ban negotiations

The Cuban missile crisis

The Treaty is signed

Detente and SALT

PART VI: PATRIOTISM, PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION

Chapter 23: Patriotism and Solidarity

211

(8)

Patriotism and treason

Patriotic veterans

Patriotic journalists

Solidarity

Chapter 24: Catholics and Quakers

219

(8)

Quakers and the Cold War

Quakers and terrorism

the Catholic Worker movement

two priests

Chapter 25: Utility, Positivism, Error, Amoralism

227

(10)

Consequentialist nonsense

War and utility

'Anything goes'

Logical positivism

The error theory and quasi-realism

Amoralism

Chapter 26: The Resources of Philosophy and Religion

237

(12)

On 'is' and 'ought'

Realism versus anti-realism

Rational animals and natural goodness

The common morality

War and delusion

Religion and philosophy

Appendices

249

(2)

Sources

251

(6)

Index

257

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The Philosophy of War and Peace

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials