Pioneers and Plodders The American

- Covers early inventions, management style, development of manufacturing, finance, environmental factors, and the changing role of government in business.- Focuses on companies that were able to embrace innovation as well as those companies that did not- Highlights biographies and the ideas of leaders such as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Ford, David Sarnoff, and Kenneth Olsen- Reveals leadership qualities and highly useful information for anyone who works or invests- Closes with today's drive toward globalization and a view toward the future.

Robert C. Baron has more than 25 years experience in the computer and electronics industry as an engineer, an entrepreneur, and an executive

Preface

xi

Acknowledgments

xiii

Chapter 1. Technology, Growth, and Employment

1

(12)

Employment in the United States

1

(2)

The Permanence of Change

3

(3)

High Technology and Transformation

6

(1)

Jobs and Companies

7

(2)

The Rise and Fall of American Industries and Technologies

9

(4)

Chapter 2. Two Hundred Years of American Business

13

(32)

The Colonial Period

13

(7)

American Independence

20

(3)

Trade, Raw Materials, and Early Manufacturing

23

(3)

Eli Whitney and the Connecticut Valley Inventors

26

(1)

Development of the American System of Manufacturing

27

(2)

Some Nineteenth-Century Growth Industries

29

(5)

Transportation

34

(4)

Finance, Agriculture, and the Industrialization of America

38

(5)

Some Factors in the Environment for Success

43

(2)

Chapter 3. Steel: The Basic Material (1860-2000)

45

(43)

The Iron Age

46

(4)

Iron Making in North America

50

(2)

The Age of Steel: The Early Years (1860-1900)

52

(8)

World Domination (1901-1950)

60

(13)

The Decline of the Steel Industry (1950-2000)

73

(5)

Exports and Imports

78

(4)

Changing Role of Government, New Competition

82

(4)

The Future: Downsizing and Modernization

86

(2)

Chapter 4. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919): Partner and Benefactor

88

(16)

Biography

88

(7)

Andrew Carnegie and Steel

95

(3)

On Management

98

(2)

The Legacy of Andrew Carnegie

100

(4)

Chapter 5. Automobiles: Everybody Wants at Least One (1860-2000)

104

(44)

Background and Early Days of the Automobile

105

(6)

Some Entrepreneurs

111

(5)

The Engineering and Production Phase: The Ford Motor Company

116

(8)

The Marketing, Styling, and Financial Phase: General Motors

124

(6)

The 1920' to the 1950': The Industry, Chrysler, and Other Manufacturers

130

(6)

Improved Roads and Their Impact on America

136

(3)

The Government and a Changing Relationship to the Industry

139

(2)

The Challenge from Japan and Germany

141

(4)

The American Automobile in a World Market

145

(3)

Chapter 6. Henry Ford (1863-1947): Getting the Costs Down

148

(19)

Biography

148

(9)

Henry Ford, the Public and Private Man

157

(4)

On Management

161

(2)

The Legacy of Henry Ford

163

(4)

Chapter 7. Electronics: The Basic Material (1880-2000)

167

(42)

Electricity

167

(5)

Communications: Telegraph and Telephone

172

(4)

Vacuum Tubes

176

(2)

Communications: Radio, Phonograph, and Home Entertainment

178

(7)

Electronics in World War II and Beyond

185

(2)

Television

187

(7)

Semiconductors

194

(6)

Memories and Microprocessors

200

(5)

Electronics and Twenty-First Century America

205

(4)

Chapter 8. David Sarnoff (1891-1971): The Practical Dreamer

209

(14)

Biography

209

(5)

David Sarnoff and RCA

214

(5)

On Management

219

(2)

The Legacy of David Sarnoff

221

(2)

Chapter 9. Computers: The Information Age (1945-2000)

223

(45)

The Early Days (1450-1945)

223

(7)

From an Idea to a Business. The Computer as a Clerk (1945-1970)

230

(7)

International Business Machines

237

(4)

Out of the Fishbowl: Data Processing, Communications, and Control (1960-1980)

241

(5)

Some Related Technologies: Main Memories, Mass Storage, and Input/Output

246

(4)

Software: Making the Computer Do Something

250

(6)

The Priesthood: Can You Trust a User with a Computer? (1980-2000)

256

(3)

Computers and Communications: Time Sharing, E-mail, and the Web

259

(4)

The Information Society: Promises, Plans, and Problems

263

(3)

The Way of the World

266

(2)

Chapter 10. Kenneth Olsen (1926-): The Commonplace Computer

268

(17)

Biography

268

(7)

The Computerization of America

275

(4)

On Management

279

(2)

The Legacy of Ken Olsen

281

(4)

Chapter 11. The Nature of Professional and Personal Change

285

(24)

Management, Companies, and Technology

285

(3)

The Training of Leaders

288

(1)

History and a Sense of Time

289

(3)

Investors, Administrators, and Builders

292

(3)

Pioneers and Plodders

295

(5)

Management Succession and Corporate Independence

300

(3)

Acquisitions

303

(2)

Business Leadership and a Career

305

(1)

Views of the Future

306

(3)

Notes

309

(6)

Bibliography

315

(18)

Index

333

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Pioneers and Plodders The American Entrepreneurial Spirit

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials