Plant Microbiology

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ISBN: 9781859962244 | 1859962246
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/2/2004

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Plant Microbiologyprovides a comprehensive source of information on DNA sequencing and mapping, the newest technology and procedures in areas such as radiation hybrid mapping, FISH and specialized sequencing techniques are covered. The book also describes how transgene expression is controlled in plants and how advanced information strategies can be used to manipulate and modify the plant genome. An exciting final chapter provides and overview of all the applications of plant transformation in agriculture, medicine and industry.

Abbreviations

Contributors

Preface

xiii

1 The diversity, ecology and molecular detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

(18)

R. Husband

Introduction

(4)

The taxonomy of AM fungi

(3)

Molecular techniques used to study AM fungi in the field

(3)

Community detection

(2)

Specific detection

(1)

The molecular diversity of AM fungi colonising roots in the field

(6)

Conclusions

(5)

2 Rhizobial signals convert pathogens to symbionts at the legume interface

(14)

A. Bartsev, H. Kobayashi and W.J. Broughton

Introduction

(1)

Plant responses to nod-factors: perception and signal transduction

(3)

Plant defence responses during the establishment of symbiosis

(1)

Factors excreted by rhizobia interfere with host defence responses

(1)

Rhizobial type three secretion systems as new elements in symbiosis establishment

(3)

Conclusions and perspectives

(5)

3 The root nodule bacteria of legumes in natural systems

(22)

E.L.J. Watkin

Introduction

(1)

The root nodule bacteria-legume symbiosis

(1)

Symbiotic association between native legumes and root nodule bacteria

(5)

Host range of isolates from native legumes

(3)

The effectiveness of nitrogen fixation in native legume symbiotic associations

(2)

A survival strategy?

(1)

Diversity of organisms that nodulate native legumes

(7)

Phenotypic classification

(1)

Phylogenetic characterisation

(5)

Influences on root nodule bacteria populations and diversity

(3)

Soil characteristics

(2)

Legume host

(1)

Conclusion

(5)

4 Effects of transgenic plants on soil micro-organisms and nutrient dynamics

(22)

A. Sessitsch, K. Smalla, E. Kandeler and M.H. Gerzabek

Introduction

(1)

Rhizosphere communities of plants producing antimicrobial agents

(3)

Herbicide-tolerant plants and their associated microflora

(3)

Horizontal transfer of transgenic plant DNA to bacteria

(4)

Persistence of free DNA in soil

(1)

Transfer of marker genes from transgenic plants to soil or rhizosphere bacteria

(3)

Impact of genetically modified plants on element dynamics

(11)

5 Fungal endophytes: hitch-hikers of the green world

(20)

K. Saikkonen, M. Helander and S.H. Faeth

Introduction

(2)

Endophyte - constructing or misleading concept?

(1)

Life history traits of endophytic fungi and host plants

(4)

Reproduction and transmission mode of fungi

(2)

Partner fidelity and evolution of virulence

(1)

Asexual fungi - evolutionary dead ends?

(1)

Ecological consequences of endophyte infections

(5)

Resource allocation among competing plant and fungal functions

(2)

Defensive mutualism or plant resistance to folivorous organisms

(2)

Endophytes - rare plant mutualists?

(1)

Applications

(9)

6 Actinorhizal symbioses: diversity and biogeography

(32)

D.R. Benson, B.D. Vanden Heuvel and D. Potter

Introduction

(1)

Practical aspects of studying Frankia strain diversity

(1)

Taxonomy and phylogeny of actinorhizal plants and Frankia

(6)

Actinorhizal plant phylogeny

(4)

Phylogeny of Frankia

103

(2)

Biogeographic distribution of actinorhizal plants and Frankia strains

105

(15)

The Betulaceae

105

(3)

The Myricaceae

108

(2)

The Casuarinaceae

110

(2)

The Elaeagnaceae

112

(2)

The Rhamnaceae

114

(3)

The Coriariaceae

117

(1)

The Datiscaceae

118

(1)

The Rosaceae

119

(1)

Summary

120

(9)

7 Chemical signalling by bacterial plant pathogens

129

(24)

C.L. Pemberton, H. Slater and G.P.C. Salmond

Introduction

129

(1)

Acyl hsl-based regulation of virulence factors

130

(10)

Vibrio fischeri lux system - archetypal quorum-sensing regulation

130

(2)

The LuxR family of transcriptional regulators

132

(1)

The LuxI family of acyl HSL syntheses

133

(1)

Regulation of exoenzyme production in Erwinia spp.

133

(2)

Regulation of antibiotic synthesis in Erwinia spp.

135

(1)

Quorum sensing in Pantoea stewartii

136

(1)

Quorum sensing in Agrobacterium tumefaciens - the regulation of Ti plasmid

137

(2)

Quorum sensing in phytopathogenic Pseudomonas spp.

139

(1)

Non-acyl hsl systems

140

(4)

Quorum sensing in Ralstonia solanacearum

140

(2)

Quorum sensing in Xanthomonas campestris

142

(2)

Quorum sensing and nodulation in Rhizobium spp.

144

(1)

Concluding remarks

144

(9)

Further possibilities for quorum sensing in phytopathogens

144

(1)

Why study phytopathogenic bacterial signalling?

145

(8)

8 Quorum quenching - manipulating quorum sensing for disease control

153

(10)

L-H. Zhang

Introduction

153

(2)

The enzymes inactivating AHL signals

155

(2)

The chemicals accelerating LuxR-type protein turn over

157

(1)

Quorum quenching substances in terrestrial plants

158

(1)

Overproduction of AHL signals in transgenic plants

158

(1)

Conclusions and future prospects

159

(4)

9 Plant disease and climate change

163

(18)

S. Chakraborty and I.B. Pangga

Introduction

163

(1)

Climate change

164

(2)

Change in atmospheric composition

164

(1)

Change in temperature and rainfall

165

(1)

Change in extremes of weather

165

(1)

Crop plants and climate change

166

(1)

Rising CO2 is not the only driver of yield

166

(1)

Regional variation in yield

166

(1)

Plant disease and climate change

167

(6)

Historical links between severe epidemics and climate

167

(1)

Plant disease under changing atmospheric CO2

168

(3)

Plant disease in a changing climate

171

(2)

Disease management in a changing climate

173

(1)

Looking ahead

173

(8)

10 Genetic diversity of bacterial plant pathogens

181

(24)

M. Fegan and C. Hayward

Introduction

181

(1)

Phylogenetic diversity of plant-pathogenic bacteria

182

(2)

Genomic diversity of plant-pathogenic bacteria

184

(2)

Infrasubspecific genetic diversity of plant-pathogenic bacteria

186

(4)

Methods commonly employed for the assessment of diversity of plant pathogenic bacteria

187

(3)

Assessment of genetic diversity for clarifying infraspecific taxonomic relationships; the case study of P.syringae

190

(3)

Genetic diversity and development of molecular diagnostics

193

(1)

Pathogen populations: deployment of resistance

193

(2)

The use of genetic fingerprinting in epidemiology

195

(1)

The nature of genetic diversity

195

(1)

Conclusions

196

(9)

11 Genetic diversity and population structure of plant-pathogenic species in the genus Fusarium

205

(18)

B.A. Summerell and J.F. Leslie

Introduction

205

(1)

Taxonomic history and species concepts in Fusarium

206

(1)

Why is the species definition important to studies of genetic diversity?

207

(2)

Morphological species concepts

207

(1)

Biological species concepts

207

(1)

Phylogenetic species concepts

208

(1)

The reality of current Fusarium taxonomy

209

(6)

Fusarium oxysporum

209

(2)

Fusarium graminearum

211

(2)

Gibberella fujikuroi species complex

213

(2)

The future of population genetic studies in Fusarium

215

(8)

12 Genome sequence analysis of prokaryotic plant pathogens

223

(20)

D.W Wood, E.W. Nester and J.C. Setubal

Introduction

223

(1)

Background

223

(3)

Pathogen background and disease mechanism

226

(2)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

226

(1)

Ralstonia solanacearum

226

(1)

Xanthomonas

227

(1)

Xylella fastidiosa

228

(1)

Genome sequence analyses of phytopathogenic bacteria

228

(11)

Features

228

(4)

Anomalous regions

232

(1)

Systems

233

(2)

Comparisons

235

(4)

Conclusions

239

(4)

13 Analysis of microbial communities in the plant environment

243

(26)

A.J. Holmes

Introduction

243

(1)

The challenges

244

(2)

Representation

244

(1)

Speed

245

(1)

Resolution

246

(1)

Defining microbiological units

246

(1)

Characterising micro-organisms

246

(2)

Molecular surrogates for characterising bacteria

248

(1)

Which macromolecules?

248

(1)

Measuring community richness

249

(7)

Macromolecule sequences

249

(2)

Other macromolecule-based OTUs

251

(4)

Comparison after prefractionation

255

(1)

Microarrays - the final solution?

256

(2)

Patterns of microbial diversity in soil

258

(1)

Concluding remarks

259

(10)

14 The importance of microbial culture collections to plant microbiology

269

(16)

E. Cother

Introduction

269

(1)

Why microbial culture collections?

269

(2)

Why deposit cultures?

271

(1)

Culture collections for patent deposits

272

(1)

Culture collections, biotechnology and biodiversity

272

(1)

Culture collections vs in-situ conservation

273

(2)

The economic value of microbial culture collections

275

(1)

Importance of collections to taxonomy and biosystematics

275

(1)

Will molecular biology replace the need for culture collections?

276

(2)

Culture collections as archives

278

(1)

Culture collections, quarantine and trade

279

(1)

Conclusion

280

(5)

Index

285

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Plant Microbiology

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials