Polarization of Light

, by Huard, Serge

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ISBN: 9780471965367 | 0471965367
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/6/1997

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Summary

Understanding the polarization of light is becoming increasingly important in the study of laser physics, nonlinear optics, and optical waveguides. This book covers the basics of polarized light representation, the propagation of light through anisotropic media, the mathematical formalism used, and induced anisotropy, devices which use induced or natural anisotropy and polarization phenomena in guided optics. Discusses both fundamentals and applications in a range of practical devices. Gives a global view of the state of polarization representation.

Preface

(2)

Contents

vii

(4)

Symbols and notations

(2)

Foreword

xiii

Chapter I Polarized optical waves

(35)

1. Vectorial nature of light

(3)

1.1. Discontinuity of the refractive index

(1)

1.2. Excitation and response of the matter

(1)

1.3. Nature of the materials

(1)

1.4. Light emission

(1)

2. Polarization states of optical waves

(5)

2.1. Polarization of a monochromatic plane wave

(1)

2.2. Most general state of polarization

(1)

2.3. Characteristics of the polarization ellipse

(3)

3. Main states of polarization

(2)

3.1. Linear polarization states

(1)

3.2. Circular polarization states

(1)

4. Representations of the states of polarization

(18)

4.1. Trigonometric and complex representations

(2)

4.2. Jones representation

(3)

4.3. Representation in a complex plane

(6)

4.4. Stokes parameters and Poincare's representation

(6)

5. Partially polarized light

(4)

5.1. Degree of polarization

(1)

5.2. Jones' representation

(2)

6. Summary of various representations

(3)

Chapter II Light propagation in an anisotropic dielectric medium

(50)

1. Introduction

(3)

1.1. Linear anisotropy

(1)

1.2. Circular anisotropy

(1)

1.3. Electric polarizability of dielectric media

(1)

2. Linear optical anisotropy of materials

(3)

2.1. Properties of the electric permittivity tensor

(2)

3. Plane wave in a linear anisotropic medium

(14)

3.1. Expression of the field D

(1)

3.2. Relative position of the fields

(1)

3.3. Resolution of the propagation equations

(1)

3.4. Fresnel's equation

(4)

3.5. Eigenstates of propagation--index ellipsoid

(6)

3.6. Conclusions on the propagation of a plane wave in a linear anisotropic medium

(1)

4. Circular optical anisotropy of materials

(3)

4.1. Induced polarization

(1)

4.2. Gyration vector--gyration tensor

(2)

5. Plane wave in a circular anisotropic medium

(6)

5.1. Eigenstates of propagation

(3)

5.2. Rotation of a state of polarization

(2)

5.3. Rotary power

(1)

5.4. Reciprocity of the rotary power

(1)

6. Absorbent or dichroic anisotropic media

(3)

6.1. Linear dichroic media

(3)

6.2. Circular dichroic media

(1)

7. Light beams in a linear anisotropic medium

(18)

7.1. Expression of the field E

(1)

7.2. Surface of radial velocities or wave surface

(5)

7.3. Refraction of beams by a refracting surface

(11)

Chapter III Propagation of the states of polarization in optical devices

(46)

1. Introduction

(1)

2. Formalism of the Jones matrices

(22)

2.1. Determination of the Jones matrices

(1)

2.2. Properties of the Jones matrices

(1)

2.3. Jones matrix of the linear polarizers

(4)

2.4. Jones matrix of a phase-shifter

(7)

2.5. Jones matrix of a rotator

101

(2)

2.6. Association of Jones matrices

103

(6)

2.7. Evolution of the coherence matrix

109

(1)

3. Jones N matrices

109

(9)

3.1. Definition of the N matrices and relation with the M matrices

110

(1)

3.2. General relations between the M and N matrices

111

(2)

3.3. Evolution of a state of polarization vector

113

(1)

3.4. Jones M matrix of a uniform optical element

114

(2)

3.5. Uniform linear and circular birefringent medium

116

(2)

4. Evolution of the state of polarization in the complex plane

118

(3)

4.1. Polarization transfer function

118

(1)

4.2. Eigenstates of the system

119

(1)

4.3. The case of non-uniform media

120

(1)

5. Evolution of the states of polarization in Poincare's formalism

121

(4)

5.1. Evolution of the vector P

121

(1)

5.2. Geometrical interpretation

122

(3)

6. Mueller matrices

125

(7)

6.1. Relation between the Jones matrices and the Mueller matrices

125

(4)

6.2. Association of polarizing elements

129

(1)

6.3. Comparison between Jones' and Mueller's representations

130

(2)

Chapter IV Stress-induced or stress-modified anisotropy

132

(47)

1. Introduction

132

(1)

2. Electro-optical effects

133

(24)

2.1. Deformation of the ellipsoid of the indices

133

(1)

2.2. Electro-optical tensors

134

(2)

2.3. The electro-optical materials

136

(1)

2.4. Pockels' effect

137

(10)

2.5. Kerr's effect in materials

147

(2)

2.6. Applications of electro-optical effects

149

(8)

3. Photoelastic effects

157

(15)

3.1. Linear anisotropy when no torsion is present

158

(1)

3.2. Matrix representation of the different tensors

159

(1)

3.3. Examples of photoelastic effects

160

(2)

3.4. Applications of the photoelastic effects

162

(10)

4. Magneto-optical effects

172

(7)

4.1. The Faraday effect

173

(2)

4.2. The magnetic Kerr effect

175

(1)

4.3. Applications of the magneto-optical effects

176

(3)

Chater V Components and devices used in the context of optical anisotropy

179

(64)

1. Introduction

179

(1)

2. Polarizers and separators of the polarization states

180

(18)

2.1. Characteristics of a polarizer

180

(2)

2.2. Polarizers using a vitreous reflection or transmission

182

(7)

2.3. Birefringent splitters and polarizers

189

(7)

2.4. Artificial polarizers

196

(1)

2.5. Grating polarizers

196

(1)

2.6. Polarizers for guided waves

197

(1)

3. Depolarizers

198

(7)

3.1. Polychromatic light depolarizer

200

(2)

3.2. Depolarizer in monochromatic light

202

(3)

4. Phase retardation devices

205

(11)

4.1. Crystalline plate phase-shifters

205

(7)

4.2. Achromatic phase-shifters

212

(4)

5. Interferometric components

216

(18)

5.1. Generalities

216

(2)

5.2. Phase-shifter between a polarizer and an analyser

218

(4)

5.3. Plates of variable optical thickness-compensators

222

(4)

5.4. Rotator between a polarizer and an analyser

226

(1)

5.5. Birefringent filters

227

(7)

6. Half-shadow devices

234

(5)

6.1. Half-shadow analyser

236

(2)

6.2. Soleil bi-quartz

238

(1)

7. Optical isolators

239

(4)

7.1. Quarter-wave plate

240

(1)

7.2. Faraday rotator

241

(1)

7.3. Optical isolator in transmission

241

(2)

Chapter VI Polarization phenomena in the fied of guided waves

243

(54)

1. Introduction

243

(1)

2. Planar guides

244

(20)

2.1. Total reflection on a plane refractive surface

244

(10)

2.2. Isotropic planar guides

254

(8)

2.3. Anisotropic planar guides

262

(2)

3. Optical fibres

264

(9)

3.1. Modes of an optical fibre

266

(3)

3.2. State of polarization of the modes

269

(4)

4. Induced birefringence in the fibres

273

(8)

4.1. Manufacturing birefringence

273

(3)

4.2. Induced elastic birefringence

276

(3)

4.3. Electric and magnetic birefringence

279

(2)

5. Optical fibres maintaining the state of polarization

281

(4)

5.1. High birefringence fibres

282

(1)

5.2. Fibres exhibiting a globally isotropic behaviour

283

(2)

6. Polarizing components in guided optics

285

(12)

6.1. Components for planar waveguides

286

(6)

6.2. Components for single-mode fibres

292

(5)

Appendices

297

(30)

Bibliography

327

(2)

Index

329

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Polarization of Light

Summary

Table of Contents

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