The Politics of Language in Ireland 1366-1922: A Sourcebook

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ISBN: 9780415157179 | 041515717X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/3/2000

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Crowley brings together, for the first time, Irish debates around language from the date of the first legislation against the Irish, the Statute of Kilkenny, 1366, to the constitution of the Free State in 1922. The book is divided into six historical sections: Spenser'sView of the Present State of Ireland, Brooke'sReliques of Irish Poetry, Hyde'sThe Necessity of De-Anglicising Ireland, Gaelic League Pamphlets and essays and letters by Yeats and Synge. Also included are some less familiar materials: the Preface to theNew Testamentin Irish (1602), Introductions to the first Irish-English and English-Irish Dictionaries, MacCruitin'sVindication of the Antiquity of Ireland, Vallencey's essay on the links between Irish and the language of the North American Algonquin, and the attitudes towards Irish of Grattan, Flood, O'Connell, and Pearse.

Preface

xiv

Acknowledgments

Introduction: familiar and foreign

(11)

1366-1534

(6)

Introduction

(2)

The Statute of Kilkenny, 1366

(2)

Stat.Ire. An Act that the Irishmen Dwelling in the counties of Dublin, Meath, Uriel, and Kildare, Shall Go Apparelled like Englishmen, and Wear their Beards after the English Manner, Swear Allegiance, and Take English Surname, 1465

(1)

Archives of the Municipal Corporation of Waterford, 1492-3

(1)

Stat.Ire. An Act of Confirmation of the Statutes of Kilkenny, 1495

(1)

1534-1607

(36)

Introduction

(2)

S.P.Hen. VIII. Henry VIII to the Town of Galway, 1536

(1)

Cal.Pat.rolls Ire. Hen.VIII-Eliz, 1536

(1)

Stat.Ire. An Act for the English Order, Habit, and Language, 1537

(2)

Cal.S.P.Ire., 1509-73, 1537

(1)

S.P. Hen VIII. Lord Deputy and the Council of Ireland to Cromwell, 1539

(1)

The First Book of the Introduction of Knowledge, Andrew Boorde, 1547

(2)

Stat.Ire. An Act for Uniformity of Common Prayer and Service in the Church, and the Administration of the Sacraments, 1560

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1509-73, 1562

(1)

Foirm na nUrrnuidheadh [The Book of Common Order], Seon Carsuel (John Carswell) 1567

(1)

Stat.Ire. An Act for the Erection of Free Schools, 1570

(1)

The Oration of James Stanihurst, Speakers, Speakers of the Parliament, 1570

(1)

A Historie of Ireland, Edmund Campion, 1571

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire, 1574-85, Sir Henry Sidney, Letter to the Queen, 1576

(1)

A Treatise Containing a Plain and Perfect Description of Ireland, Richard Stanihurst, 1577

(6)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1574-85, 1578

(1)

Queen Elizabeth's Primer of the Irish Language, Christopher Nugent, c. 1584-85

(1)

Cal. Carew MSS., A Discourse for the Reformation of Ireland, Sir Henry Sidney, 1585

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1586-88, 1587

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1586-88, 1587

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1586-88, 1587

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1586-88, 1588

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1586-88, 1588

(1)

A View of the Present State of Ireland, Edmund Spenser, 1596

(8)

Henry the Fifth, William Shakespeare, 1599

(2)

Tiomna Nuadh [New Testament], Uilliam O Domhnaill (William Daniel), 1602

(1)

The Life and Death of Captain Thomas Stukeley, anon. [G.Peele?], 1605

(2)

1607-1690

(29)

Introduction

(2)

Leabhar na nUrnaightheadh gComhchoidchiond [The Book of Common Prayer], Uilliam O Domhnaill (William Daniel), 1608

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1608-10, 1609

(1)

A Discovery of the True Causes Why Ireland Was Never Entirely Subdued, Sir John Davies, 1612

(2)

An Account of the Decrees and Acts...in the Year 1611 in Dublin, Richard Conway, S.J., 1612

(1)

The Irish Masque at Court, Ben Jonson, 1613

(2)

Pairlement Chloinne Tomais [The Parliament of Clan Thomas], anon., 1615

(2)

An Itinerary, Fynes Moryson, 1617

(1)

Cal.pat.rolls Ire., James I, King James to Oliver St John, Deputy, 1620

(1)

Cal.S.P. Ire., 1625-32, 1627

(1)

Foras Feasa Ar Eirinn [A Basis of Knowledge about Ireland], Seathrun Ceitinn (Geoffrey Keating), 1634

(5)

Cathecismus seu Doctrina Christina Latino-Hibernica [Catechism, or Christian Doctrine in Latin and Irish], Teaboid Gallduf (Theobald Stapleton), 1639

(1)

Focloir Na Sanasan Nua [A New Vocabulary or Glossary] Micheul O Cleirigh (Michael O'Clery), 1643

(1)

Nach ait an nos [How Queer this Mode], Dhaibhidh O Bruadair (David O'Bruadair),? 1643

(1)

Anc. rec. Dublin, 1657

(1)

Cambrensis Eversus, Gratianus Lucius (John Lynch), 1662

(2)

Iomdha Sceimh ar chur na Cluana [Many Pretty Setting], Dhaibhidh O Bruadair (David O'Bruadair), 1660-63

(1)

Stat.Ire., An Act for the Explaining of some Doubts Arising upon an Act Entitled, an Act for the Better Execution of his Majesty's Gracious Settlement of his Majesty's Kingdom of Ireland, 1665

(1)

Caithreim an Dara Seamuis [The Triumph of James II], Dhaibhodh O Bruadair (David O'Bruadair), 1687

(1)

Diarmuid Mac Muiredhaigh Cecinti [Diarmaid Mac Muireadhaigh Sang This], anon., late seventeenth century

(5)

1690-1800

(50)

Introduction

(2)

Hibernia Anglicana, Sir Richard Cox, 1689-90

(3)

The Political anatomy of Ireland, Sir Wiliam Petty, 1691

(1)

Stat.Ire., An Act of Restrain Foreign Education, 1695

(2)

Archaeologia Britannica, Edward Lhuyd, 1707

(3)

The Church Catechism. Catechism na Heaglaise, John Lewis (trans. Revd John Richardson), 1712

(1)

A Proposal for the conversion of the Popish Natives of Ireland, John Richardson, 1712

(4)

A Short History of the Attempts that Have Been Made to Convert the Popish Natives of Ireland, to the Established Religion: With a Proposal for their Conversion, John Richardson, 1712

(2)

`Letter to the Secretary, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge', Revd E.Nicolson, 1715

101

(1)

Tarngaireacht dhuinn fhirinne [The prophecy of the Donn Firinne], Aodhagain Ui Rathaille (Egan O'Rahilly), ?1715

101

(2)

A Brief Discourse in vindication of the Antiquity of Ireland, Aodh MacCruitin (Hugh MacCurtin), 1717

103

(2)

An Milleadh d'imthigh ar Mhor-Shleachtaibh na hEireann [The Ruin that Befell the Great Families of Erin], Aodhagain Ui Rathaille (Egan O'Rahilly), 1720

105

(1)

Seanchuimhne ar Aodhagain Ua Rathaille [A Reminiscence of Egan O'Rahilly], Aodhagain Ui Rathaille (Egan O'Rahilly), 1720s

106

(1)

The Church Catechism in Irish, Francis Hutchinson, 1722

107

(3)

The Elements of the Irish Language, Grammatically Explained in English, Aodh MacCruitin (Hugh MacCurtin), 1728

110

(1)

The English Irish Dictionary. An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge, Conor Begly and Hugh MacCurtin (Conchobar o Beaglaoich agus Aodh MacCurtin), 1732

110

(1)

His Majesty's Royal Charter for Erecting English Protestant Schools in the Kingdom of Ireland, 1733

111

(1)

`A Dialogue in Hibernian Style', Jonathan Swift, c.1735

112

(1)

Sixteen Sermons in An Easy and Familiar Style On Useful and Necessary Subjects, Bishop James Gallagher, 1736

113

(1)

`On Barbarous Denominations in Ireland', Jonathan Swift, c.1740

113

(2)

An Teagasg Criosduidhe to reir agus ceasda agus freagartha. The Catechism, or Christian Doctrine by way of Question and Answer, Andrew Donlevy, 1742

115

(1)

A Vindication of the Antiquities of Ireland, John Keogh, 1748

115

(2)

Dissertations on the Ancient History of Ireland, Charles O'Conor, 1753

117

(1)

Focaloir Gaoidhilge-Sax-Bhearla, Or an Irish-English Dictionary, Archbishop John O'Brien, 1768

118

(1)

An Essay on the Antiquity of the Irish Language, Charles Vallancey, 1772

119

(2)

A Grammar of the Iberno-Celtic or Irish Language, Charles Vallancey, 1773

121

(3)

A Tour in Ireland, Arthur Young, 1778

124

(1)

A General Dictionary of the English Language, Thomas Sheridan, 1780

124

(2)

Observations on the Pamphlets Published by the Bishop of Cloyne, Mr. Trant, and Theophilus, On One Side, and Those by Mr.O'Leary, Mr. Barber, and Dr.Campbell On the Other, Daniel Thomas, 1787

126

(1)

Reliques of Irish Poetry, Charlotte Brooke, 1789

127

(1)

Antiquities of Ireland, Edward Ledwich, 1790

128

(3)

Henry Flood's Will, 1795

131

(1)

Bolg An tSaolair: Or, Gaelic Magazine, Patrick Lynch, 1795

131

(1)

Projects for Re-Establishing the Internal Peace and Tranquility of Ireland, W. Stokes, 1799

132

(1)

1800-1876

133

(42)

Introduction

133

(2)

`Essay on Irish Bulls', Maria Edgeworth, 1802

135

(2)

Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Dublin, Theophilus O'Flanagan, 1808

137

(3)

Uraicecht na Gaedhilge. Grammar of the Gaelic Language, Edmond O'Connell [William Haliday], 1808

140

(1)

An Introduction to the Irish Language, Revd W.M. Nelson, 1808

140

(1)

Rt. Hon. Henry Grattan, to the Secretary of the Board of Education, 1812

141

(1)

Observations on the Character, Customs and Superstitions of the Irish, daniel Dewar, 1812

141

(3)

An English-Irish Dictionary, Intended for the Use of Schools, Thaddeus Connellan, 1814

144

(1)

Sanas Gaoidhilge Sagsbeurla. An English Irish Dictionary, E.O'Reilly, 1817

145

(1)

Reasons for Giving Moral Instruction to the Native Irish through the Medium of their Vernacular Language, J.S. Taylor, 1817

146

(2)

A Brief Sketch of Various Attempts which Have Been Made to Diffuse a Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures through the Medium of the Irish Language, Revd Christopher Anderson, 1818

148

(1)

Remarks on the Irish Language, J.Scurry, 1827

149

(1)

Facts Afforded by the History of the Irish Society, H.M.Mason, 1829

150

(1)

Irish Minstrelsy, Or Bardic Remains of Ireland, James Hardiman, 1831

150

(3)

Daniel O'Connell on the Irish Language, 1833

153

(1)

A Dissertation on Irish Grammar, Owen Connellan, 1834

153

(1)

Ancient Ireland, P.Barron, 1835

153

(3)

Irish Sermons with Translations, P.Barron, 1835

156

(1)

`The Irish Language', The Nation, Revd Coneys, 1842

157

(1)

Songs of the Irish, Conor McSweeny, 1843

157

(1)

`English Schools and Irish Pupils', The Nation, anon., 1843

158

(1)

`The Irish Language', The Nation, anon., 1843

158

(2)

`Our National Language', The Nation, Thomas Davis, 1843

160

(3)

`Repeal Reading Rooms', The Nation, Thomas Davis, 1844

163

(1)

The History of the Origin and Progress of the Irish Society, H.J.M.Mason, 1844

164

(1)

An tIliad, Bishop MacHale, 1844

164

(1)

Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education, P.J.Keenan, 1856

165

(1)

The College Irish Grammar, Canon U.J.Bourkee, 1856

166

(3)

`A Dialogue in the Ulster Dialer', Ulster Journal of Archaeology, anon., 1858

169

(3)

An Irish Translation of the Holy Bible from the Latin Vulgate, Archbishop MacHale, 1861

172

(3)

1876-1922

175

(47)

Introduction

175

(4)

An Cheud Leabhar Gaedhilge. First Irish Book, Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language, 1877

179

(1)

Irish Grammar Rules in Prose and Verse, Revd John Nolan, 1877

179

(2)

Annual Report of the Commissioners of Education, P.J.Keena, 1879

181

(1)

Memo of Commissioners of National Education to the Chief Secretary, 1884

181

(1)

Proceedings of the Congress Held in Dublin, 1882, Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language, 1884

181

(1)

`Practical Hints Towards Preventing the Decay of Irish in Irish-Speaking districts', Donal Flaherty, 1884

182

(1)

`The necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland', Douglas Hyde, 1892

182

(6)

`The Loss of the Irish Language and Its Influence on the Catholic Religion in Ireland', Henry Morris, 1898

188

(1)

`The ``Irish'' Literary Theater', P.H.Pearse, 1899

188

(1)

`Irish in County Wexford', Donnchadh Ruadh, an Claidheamh Solius, 1899

189

(1)

`Letter to The Leader', W.B.Years, 1900

190

(2)

The True National Ideal, Revd M.P.O'Hickey, n.d.[?1900]

192

(2)

The Irish Language and Irish Intermediate Education, Gaelic League, n.d. [?1900]

194

(1)

Irishwomen and the Home Language, Mary E.L.Butler, n.d. [?1901]

195

(2)

The Irish Language Movement: Its Philosophy, Revd Patrick Forde, n.d. [?1901]

197

(2)

The Threatening Metempsychosis of a Nation, Revd John M.O'Reailly, 1901

199

(3)

The Reign of Humbug, Agnes O'Farrelly, 1901

202

(2)

Ireland's Defence - Her Langauge, Revd P.F. Kavanagh, n.d. [?1902]

204

(2)

Samhain, W.B.Yeats, 1902

206

(2)

The Ruin of Education in Ireland and the Irish Farmer, F.H.O'Donnell, 1903

208

(1)

Lectures on the Irish Language Movement, Revd P.Dinneen, 1904

208

(3)

The Philosophy of Irish Ireland, D.P.Moran, 1905

211

(1)

The Aran Islands, J.M.Synge, 1907

211

(1)

`Can We Go Back Into Our Mother's Womb?, J.M.Synge, 1907

212

(1)

What is the Use of Reviving Irish?, Dermot Chenevix Trench, 1912

213

(3)

`The Coming Revolution', P.H.Pearse, 1913

216

(1)

`Politics and the Language', P.S. O h-Eigceartaigh, 1918

217

(2)

Literature in Ireland, Thomas MacDonagh, 1920

219

(3)

Postscript

222

(1)

Themes

223

(1)

Select bibliography

224

(8)

Index

232

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The Politics of Language in Ireland 1366-1922: A Sourcebook

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