The Politics of Pact-Making Hungary's

Contributing to the literature on democratic transitions and with a focus on institutional bargaining, in this fascinating book the Hungarian case is contrasted with those of Poland, South Africa and China to explore the contours of what bargaining strategies affect outcomes. The result is increased understanding of how actors and their interaction can make peaceful transitions are possible.

John W. Schiemann is an assistant professor of administrative science at Fairleigh Dickinson University.

List of Figures and Tables

ix

Abbreviations

x

Preface and Acknowledgments

xi

Introduction

1

(1)

Goals

2

(1)

The Basic Argument

3

(3)

Overview

6

(4)

Pact-Making, Bargaining, and Institutional Choice

10

(27)

The Empirical Puzzle

11

(7)

A Framework for Analysis: Pacts, Rules, and Institutions

18

(1)

Pact-making, Bargaining, and Risk-taking

19

(8)

Uncertainty and Beliefs, Mental Models and Transition Players

27

(3)

A Model of Pact-Making

30

(4)

Case Studies: Hungary in Comparative and Counterfactual Perspective

34

(3)

Pact-Making in Hungary: The 1989 Hungarian Roundtable Talks

37

(48)

Dissidents and Populists, Reformers and Conservatives

38

(11)

Pact-Making about Pact-Making

49

(14)

Negotiating Democracy: The National Roundtable Talks

63

(20)

Summary

83

(2)

Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Opposition Intransigence: The Presidency

85

(30)

An MSZMP Presidency

86

(2)

The Opposition on the Presidency

88

(9)

The Negotiated Design of Presidential Powers

97

(8)

Election Rules

105

(6)

Summary

111

(4)

From Perverse Checks and Balances to Guardian of the Constitution: The Constitutional Court

115

(24)

The MSZMP's Strategy: Institutionalizing a Perverse Checks and Balances

116

(8)

The Opposition and the Constitutional Court

124

(7)

Bargaining Over the Constitutional Court

131

(5)

Summary

136

(3)

Comparative Perspectives: South Africa, Poland, and China

139

(26)

South Africa, 1990--1994: From Risk-taking to Risk-averse Bargaining Strategies

139

(7)

Poland, 1989: A Risk-averse Opposition and Risk-taking Softliners

146

(7)

China, 1989: A Risk-taking Opposition and a Risk-taking Regime

153

(9)

Summary

162

(3)

Conclusion

165

(14)

Counterfactual Pact-Making in Hungary

166

(7)

Pact-making, Institutional Choice, and Rational Action

173

(6)

Appendix: Sources and Data

179

(2)

List of Interviews

180

(1)

Notes

181

(17)

References

198

(11)

Index

209

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The Politics of Pact-Making Hungary's Negotiated Transition to Democracy in Comparative Perspective

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials