Politics and Policy in American States and Communities

, by Dresang, Dennis L.; Gosling, James J.

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ISBN: 9780321087065 | 0321087062
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/1/2001

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This text distinguishes itself through its extremely accessible writing style, relative brevity, inclusion of unique topics such as tribal governments, and its focus on the relationship between government and the governed. As the authors have done in previous editions, their approach to the study of state and local governments personalizes the material, making it more meaningful to the student.

Preface

xiii

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

Face-to-Face Governance

(13)

Scope

(1)

Capacity

(3)

Participation

(5)

Plan of this Book

(2)

SECTION 2 LAYING THE FOUNDATION

State Diversity, Growth and Decline, and the Contemporary Urban Dilemma

(34)

Values

(2)

Political Cultures

(3)

An Introductory Tour of the States

(7)

Metropolitan Development

(5)

Patterns of Interregional Growth and Decline

(8)

The New Immigration and Metropolitan Growth

(2)

The Consequences of Growth and Decline

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

(4)

Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations

(30)

Constitutional Developments

(4)

The Phases of Federalism

(13)

The Plight of Local Governments in the Federal System

(3)

Regulatory Federalism

(3)

Relations among the States

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

(3)

Constitutions and Charters

(26)

History of State Constitutions

(9)

Major Features of State Constitutions

(7)

Local Government Charters

(2)

Types of Local Governments

(3)

Summary and Conclusions

101

(3)

Policy-Making Processes: The Framework for Participation

104

(30)

Public Policy Instruments

105

(2)

Individual and Group Participation in Public Policy Making

107

(4)

The Centrality of Lawmaking in Shaping Public Policy

111

(1)

The Substantive Bill State Legislative Process

112

(9)

The State Budgetary Process

121

(10)

Summary and Conclusions

131

(3)

SECTION 3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Grassroots Participation

134

(19)

Access to Government

135

(2)

Who Participates?

137

(3)

Ways of Participating

140

(3)

Direct Democracy

143

(7)

Summary and Conclusions

150

(3)

Interest Groups

153

(22)

General Trends

154

(2)

Internal Characteristics

156

(7)

Functions and Activities

163

(7)

Impact of Interest Groups

170

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

172

(3)

Political Parties and Elections

175

(26)

The Roles of Political Parties

176

(3)

Party Organization

179

(3)

Informal Organizations

182

(2)

Party Nominations

184

(1)

Campaigns

185

(3)

Campaign Finances

188

(5)

Term Limitations

193

(1)

The Election

193

(1)

Party Competition

194

(4)

Summary and Conclusions

198

(3)

SECTION 4 THE INSTITUTIONS OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Governors

201

(21)

Historical Developments

202

(2)

Formal Powers

204

(9)

Roles

213

(5)

Governors as Individuals

218

(1)

Governors and Mobility

219

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

220

(2)

State Legislatures

222

(29)

What Legislatures Do

226

(1)

Legislative Organization

227

(2)

Legislative Leadership

229

(5)

Legislative Committees

234

(2)

Members

236

(2)

Legislative Reform

238

(4)

Calls for Term Limits

242

(1)

The Changing Executive-Legislative Balance

243

(4)

Legislative Decision Making

247

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

248

(3)

Local Government Executives and Legislatures

251

(22)

Community Power

253

(2)

Executive and Legislative Institutions in Municipal Government

255

(3)

Patterns of Executive and Legislative Relations in Municipal Government

258

(7)

Country Governments

265

(1)

Townships

266

(1)

School Districts

267

(2)

Other Special Districts

269

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

270

(3)

Bureaucracies

273

(27)

The Nature of Bureaucracy

275

(3)

Profile of Public Employees

278

(2)

Personnel Management

280

(6)

Agency Discretion and Accountability

286

(3)

Independent Regulatory Agencies

289

(6)

Privatization

295

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

296

(4)

Courts

300

(24)

State Federal Courts

301

(3)

State, Tribal, and Federal Courts

304

(1)

Structures

305

(3)

Role of State's Attorney or Attorney General

308

(1)

Process

309

(6)

Judicial Actions

315

(1)

Selection of Judges

316

(2)

Discipline and Removal of Judges

318

(1)

Juries

319

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

320

(4)

SECTION 5 PUBLIC POLICIES

Crime and Corrections

324

(20)

The Nature and Incidence of Crime

325

(5)

Approaches to Crime

330

(8)

Incarceration

338

(3)

Crime and the Constitution

341

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

341

(3)

Educational Policy

344

(31)

Primary and Secondary Education

345

(11)

Educational Alternatives

356

(5)

The Equity of Excellence Debate

361

(2)

The Court's Renewed Interest in Fiscal Equity

363

(1)

Higher Education

364

(7)

Summary and Conclusions

371

(4)

Social Welfare and Health Policy

375

(32)

Social Welfare Policy

376

(3)

Public Assistance Programs

379

(2)

Who are the Poor?

381

(3)

Welfare Reform

384

(10)

Health Policy

394

(6)

The National Debate Over Health Care Reform

400

(2)

Implications for the States

402

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

403

(4)

Environmental Policy and Economic Development

407

(26)

Federalism and Environmental Policy Making

411

(1)

Federal Initiatives in the Environmental Decade

412

(2)

Reagan's Redirection of Environmental Regulation

414

(2)

Bush and Clinton: More Environmentally Friendly Administrations

416

(5)

The Environmental Challenges Lying Ahead

421

(1)

The Allure of Economic Development

422

(5)

Environmental Protection and Economic Development: A Strained Relationship?

427

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

428

(5)

Fiscal Policy and Financial Management

433

(25)

The Economy and Taxing and Spending

436

(2)

Taxing and Spending Comparisons among the States

438

(4)

Financing State and Local Governments

442

(4)

Evaluating State and Local Taxes

446

(3)

Executive and Legislative Balance in Fiscal Policy Making

449

(2)

State and Local Financial Management

451

(4)

Summary and Conclusions

455

(3)

SECTION 6 CONCLUSION

Responding to Pressing Public Problems

458

(11)

The Individual Citizen's Perspective

460

(1)

Perspectives of Organized Interest Groups

460

(1)

The Perspective of Local Government Policy Makers

461

(1)

The Prespective of State Policy Makers

462

(1)

Perspectives and Politics

463

(1)

Government Responses

464

(3)

Responding with Solutions

467

(2)

Index

469

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Politics and Policy in American States and Communities

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials