Postmetropolis Critical Studies of Cities and

This completes Ed Soja's trilogy on urban studies, which began with Postmodern Geographies and continued with Thirdspace. It is the first comprehensive text in the growing field of critical urban studies to deal with the dramatically restructured megacities that have emerged world-wide over the last half of the twentieth-century.

Edward W Soja is Professor of Planning at the University of California, Los Angeles. He has written extensively on urban social life, planning and theory. His previous books include Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory (Verso, 1989)and Thirdspace (Blackwell, 1996).

List of Illustrations

x

Preface

xii

Acknowledgments

xix

Part I Remapping the Geohistory of Cityspace

1

(144)

Introduction

3

(1)

Outlining the Geohistory of Cityspace

4

(2)

Defining the Conceptual Framework

6

(13)

The spatial specificity of urbanism

7

(3)

The trialectics of cityspace

10

(2)

Synekism: the stimulus of urban agglomeration

12

(4)

The regionality of cityspace

16

(3)

Putting Cities First

19

(31)

Re-excavating the Origins of Urbanism

19

(8)

The conventional sequence: hunting and gathering - agriculture - villages - cities - states

20

(4)

A provocative inversion: putting cities first

24

(3)

Learning from Jericho

27

(9)

Learning from Catal Huyuk

36

(14)

James Mellaart and the urban Neolithic

36

(6)

Learning from New Obsidian

42

(4)

Learning more from Catal Huyuk

46

(4)

The Second Urban Revolution

50

(21)

The New Urbanization

51

(4)

Space, Knowledge, and Power in Sumeria

55

(5)

Ur and the New Urbanism

60

(7)

Fast Forward >> to the Third Urban Revolution

67

(4)

The Third Urban Revolution: Modernity and Urban-industrial Capitalism

71

(24)

Cityspace and the Succession of Modernities

72

(4)

The Rise of the Modern Industrial Metropolis

76

(2)

Made in Manchester

78

(6)

Remade in Chicago

84

(11)

Metropolis in Crisis

95

(22)

Rehearsing the Break: the Urban Crisis of the 1960s

95

(5)

Manuel Castells and the Urban Question

100

(5)

David Harvey's Social Justice and the City

105

(4)

Summarizing the Geohistory of Capitalist Cityspace

109

(8)

An Introduction to the Conurbation of Greater Los Angeles

117

(28)

Los Angeles - from Space: A View from My Window

120

(1)

A Perpetual Alternation Between Vision and its Forgetting

121

(24)

1870-1900: the WASPing of Los Angeles

123

(4)

1900-1920: the Regressive-Progressive Era

127

(2)

1920-1940: roaring from war to war

129

(2)

1940-1970: the Big Orange explodes

131

(4)

Looking back to the future: Los Angeles in 1965

135

(5)

1970 and beyond: the New Urbanization

140

(5)

Part II Six Discourses on the Postmetropolis

145

(204)

Introduction

147

(1)

Border Dialogues: Previewing the Postmetropolitan Discourses

147

(1)

Conceptualizing the New Urbanization Processes

148

(6)

Grounding the Discourses

154

(2)

The Postfordist Industrial Metropolis: Restructuring the Geopolitical Economy of Urbanism

156

(33)

Representative Texts

156

(1)

Pathways into Urban Worlds of Production

157

(23)

The geographical anatomy of industrial urbanism

157

(3)

Production-work-territory: reworking the divisions of labor

160

(4)

Manufacturing matters: against postindustrial sociology

164

(2)

Crossing industrial divides

166

(3)

Post-ford-ism

169

(2)

The empowerment of flexibility

171

(2)

Getting lean and mean: the surge in inequality

173

(2)

Into the regional world: the rediscovery of synekism

175

(5)

Localizing Industrial Urbanism

180

(9)

Postfordist industrial cartographies

181

(4)

Developmental dynamics of the industrial complex

185

(2)

Concluding in the realm of public policy

187

(2)

Cosmopolis: The Globalizationof Cityspace

189

(44)

Representative Texts

189

(2)

Recomposing the Discourse on Globalization

191

(27)

The globality of production and the production of globality

192

(5)

Regional worlds of globalization

197

(5)

New geographies of power

202

(6)

Adding culture to the global geopolitical economy

208

(4)

The reconstruction of social meaning in the space of flows

212

(4)

Globalized neoliberalism: a brief note

216

(2)

Metropolis Unbound: Conceptualizing Globalized Cityspace

218

(15)

The world city hypothesis

219

(3)

Commanding our attention: the rise of global cities

222

(5)

Urban dualism, the Informational City and the urban-regional process

227

(2)

The turn to cosmopolis

229

(4)

Exopolis: The Restructuring of Urban Form

233

(31)

Representative Texts

233

(1)

Metropolis Transformed

234

(17)

Megacities and metropolitan galaxies

235

(3)

Outer Cities, postsuburbia, and the end of the Metropolis Era

238

(5)

Edge Cities and the optimistic envisioning of postmetropolitan geographies

243

(3)

City Lite and postmetropolitan nostalgia

246

(2)

Simulating the New Urbanism

248

(2)

Exopolis as synthesis

250

(1)

Representing the Exopolis in Los Angeles

251

(13)

Starting in the New Downtown

251

(3)

Inner City blues

254

(4)

The middle landscape

258

(1)

Off-the-edge cities

259

(5)

Fractal City: Metropolarities and the Restructured Social Mosaic

264

(34)

Representative Texts

264

(2)

Manufacturing Inequality in the Postmetropolis

266

(16)

Normalizing inequality: the extremes at both ends

267

(1)

Variations on the theme of intrinsic causality

268

(4)

Describing metropolarities: empirical sociologies and labor market dynamics

272

(7)

Moving beyond equality politics

279

(3)

Remapping the Fractal City of Los Angeles

282

(16)

An overview of the ethnic mosaic

283

(8)

Mono-ethnic geographies: segregating cityspace

291

(3)

Multicultural geographies: mapping diversity

294

(4)

The Carceral Archipelago: Governing Space in the Postmetropolis

298

(25)

Representative Texts

298

(1)

Conceptualizing the Carceral Archipelago

299

(24)

Fortress L.A. and the rhetoric of social warfare

300

(3)

The destruction of public space and the architectionics of security-obsesssed urbanism

303

(4)

Policing space: doing time in Los Angeles

307

(2)

Entering the Forbidden City: the imprisonment of Downtown

309

(3)

Homegrown Revolution: HOAs, CIDs, gated communities, and insular lifestyles

312

(7)

Beyond the Blade Runner scenario: the spatial restructuring of urban governmentality

319

(4)

Simcities: Restructuring the Urban Imaginary

323

(26)

Representative Texts

323

(1)

Re-imagining Cityspace: Travels in Hyperreality

324

(25)

Jean Baudrillard and the precession of simulacra

326

(4)

Celeste Olalquiaga and postmodern psychasthenia

330

(3)

Cyberspace and the electronic generation of hyperreality

333

(4)

M. Christine Boyer and the imaginary real world of Cybercities

337

(2)

Simcities, Simcitizens, and hyperreality-generated crisis

339

(6)

SimAmerica: a concluding critique

345

(4)

Part III Lived Space: Rethinking 1992 in Los Angeles

349

(67)

Introduction

351

(4)

LA 1992: Overture to a Conclusion

355

(17)

Revisionings

355

(4)

Bodies, Cities, Texts: The Case of Citizen Rodney King

359

(13)

Barbara Hooper

Inscriptions

359

(2)

Somatography: the order in place

361

(7)

The Trial: Us v. Them

368

(4)

LA 1992: The Spaces of Representation

372

(24)

Event-Geography-Remembering

372

(7)

Visible antipodes: Inner versus Outer City

373

(3)

Normalized enclosures: the development of common interests

376

(3)

The Invisible Riots Remembered

379

(17)

Downtowns: this is not the 1960s

379

(7)

Pico-Union and the desaparacidos

386

(3)

Sa-i-ku and other commemorations

389

(3)

A repetitive ending

392

(4)

Postscript: Critical Reflections on the Postmetropolis

396

(20)

New beginnings I: Postmetropolis in Crisis

396

(11)

The downturn of postfordism

397

(2)

Too fulsome globalization?

399

(2)

Suddenly everywhere is Pomona

401

(1)

Repadded white bunkers

402

(1)

Deconstructed modes of regulation

403

(2)

Simgovernment in crisis

405

(2)

New Beginnings II: Struggles for Spatial Justice and Regional Democracy

407

(9)

Bibliography

416

(15)

Name Index

431

(5)

Subject Index

436

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Postmetropolis Critical Studies of Cities and Regions

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials