Post-War Bosnia Ethnicity, Inequality and

Ten years after the end of the war, Bosnian ethnicity continues to matter and the country remains dependent on international intervention. The Dayton Peace Accord signed in 1995 successfully ended the war, but froze the ethnic conflict in one of the most complex systems of government in the world. The book provides an in-depth analysis of governance in this divided post-war country, providing important lessons for international intervention elsewhere around the world, from Afghanistan to Iraq.

Florian Bieber is a Senior Non-Resident Research Associate of the European Centre for Minority Issues in Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, and teaches at the Central European University, Hungary, the University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the University of Bologna, Italy.

List of Tables

viii

List of Graphs

x

List of Maps

xi

Preface

xii

Acknowledgements

xiv

Note on the Terminology

xv

1. Introduction

1

(4)

2. Historical Legacies

5

(24)

a) Empires and Bosnia

5

(3)

Ottoman Bosnia

5

(1)

Bosnia under Austro-Hungarian rule

6

(2)

b) The Yugoslav experience

8

(11)

Bosnia in the first Yugoslavia

8

(2)

The Communist era

10

(9)

c) After the fall of Communism

19

(10)

The first multiparty elections in Bosnia

19

(4)

Failed power-sharing

23

(3)

The war

26

(3)

3. Cleavages and Inequalities in Post-War Bosnia

29

(11)

a) Ethnic cleavages in post-war Bosnia

29

(4)

b) Socio-economic inequalities

33

(7)

4. Politics and Governance in Post-War Bosnia

40

(46)

a) Political parties in post-war Bosnia

41

(2)

b) Power-sharing in Bosnia

43

(3)

c) The state-level institutions

46

(14)

Presidency

48

(4)

Council of Ministers

52

(2)

Parliament

54

(2)

The state level administration

56

(4)

d) Decentralization and the entities

60

(2)

e) Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina

62

(14)

The institutional set-up

67

(6)

Public administration

73

(3)

f) The Serb Republic

76

(7)

The institutional set-up

79

(2)

Public administration

81

(2)

g) The Office of the High Representative

83

(3)

5. The Record of the Post-Dayton Elections

86

(22)

a) The electoral system

88

(2)

b) The results of the first post-war elections

90

(3)

c) Electoral reforms

93

(6)

Open lists

94

(1)

Multi-member constituencies

95

(1)

Preferential voting: RS presidency 2000

96

(3)

d) The elections in 2000 and 2002

99

(4)

e) Elections and nationalism in Bosnia

103

(5)

6. Addressing Inequality & Reforming Governance in Post-War Bosnia

108

(36)

a) Refugee return, human and minority rights

108

(13)

Refugee return

108

(6)

Human and minority rights

114

(7)

b) The change of the entity constitutions and its impact on governance

121

(12)

Challenge to the ethnic entities

122

(1)

The court decision

123

(4)

The aftermath - constitutional commissions

127

(1)

The constitutional amendments

128

(3)

Does the reform matter?

131

(2)

c) The District of Brko. A laboratory of multiethnic governance?

133

(19)

Institutions

135

(3)

Refugee return

138

(2)

Multiethnic police

140

(1)

Education

141

(1)

Is Brko a model?

142

(2)

7. Conclusion

144

(8)

8. Appendices

152

(3)

a) Major Political Parties and Coalitions in Bosnia

152

(1)

b) Abbreviations

153

(1)

c) Structure of the System of Governance in Bosnia since the Reforms in 2002

154

(1)

Notes

155

(11)

Bibliography

166

(11)

Index

177

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Post-War Bosnia Ethnicity, Inequality and Public Sector Governance

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials