The Power of Logic

1. Basic Concepts

Validity and Soundness / Forms and Counterexamples / Some "Famous" Forms / Strength and Cogency

2. Identifying Arguments

Arguments and Nonarguments / Well-Crafted Arguments / Notes / Appendix to Chapter 2: Argument Diagrams

3. Logic and Language

Logic, Meaning, and Emotive Force / Definitions / Using Definitions to Evaluate Arguments

4. Informal Fallacies

Fallacies Involving Irrelevant Premises / Fallacies Involving Ambiguity / Fallacies Involving Unwarranted Assumptions

5. Categorical Logic: Statements

Standard Forms of Categorical Statements / The Traditional Square of Opposition / Further Immediate Inferences

6. Categorical Logic: Syllogisms

Standard Mood, Form, and Figure / Venn Diagrams and Categorical Statements / Venn Diagrams and Categorical Syllogisms / The Modern Square of Opposition / Enthymemes / Sorites and Removing Term Complements / Rules for Evaluating Syllogisms

7. Statement Logic: Truth Tables

Symbolizing English Arguments / Truth Tables / Using Truth Tables to Evaluate Arguments / Abbreviated Truth Tables / Tautology, Contradiction, Contingency, and Logical Equivalence

8. Statement Logic: Proofs

Implicational Rules of Inference / Five Equivalence Rules / Five More Equivalence Rules / Conditional Proof / Reductio ad Absurdum / Proving Theorems

9. Predicate Logic

Predicates and Quantifiers / Demonstrating Invalidity / Constructing Proofs / Quantifier Negation, RAA, and CP / The Logic of Relations: Symbolizations / The Logic of Relations: Proofs / Identity: Symbolizations / Identity: Proofs

10. Induction

Inductive and Deductive Logic: Contrasts and Clarifications (Statistical Syllogisms) / Arguments from Authority and Induction by Enumeration / Mill's Methods and Scientific Reasoning / Arguments from Analogy

11. Probability

Three Theories of Probability / The Rules of Probability / Bayes' Theorem

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