Power Systems Harmonics Computer Modelling and Analysis

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ISBN: 9780471521754 | 0471521752
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/11/2001

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Deregulation has presented the electricity industry with many new challenges in power system planning and operation. Power engineers must understand the negative effect of harmonics on an electrical power network resulting from the extensive use of power electronics-based equipment. Serving as a complete reference to harmonics modelling, simulation and analysis, this book lays the foundations for optimising quality of power supply in the planning, design and operation phases. Features Include: * MATLAB function codes to aid the development of harmonic software and provide a hands-on approach to the theory presented. * Insight into the use of alternative, increased efficiency, harmonic domain techniques. * Examination of the harmonic modelling and analysis of FACTS, along with conventional and custom power plant equipment. * Clear presentation of the basic analytical approaches to harmonic theory and techniques for the resolution of harmonic distortion. Advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrical engineering will benefit from the unique combination of practical examples and theoretical grounding. Practising power engineers, managers and consultants will appreciate the detailed coverage of engineering practice and power networks world-wide.

Foreword

Preface

I FUNDAMENTAL THEORY

(172)

Introduction

(8)

Background

(1)

Harmonic in Power System

(1)

Power Quality

(1)

Custom Power

(1)

Engineering Tools and Methods

(2)

Software tools

(1)

Hardware tools

(1)

Hardware-in-the-loop

(1)

Avenues of Research on Harmonic Analysis

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

Orthogonal Series Expansion

(24)

Introduction

(1)

Orthogonal Function

(1)

Periodic Functions

(4)

Even and Odd Functions

(1)

Half-wave symmetry

(1)

Quarter-wave symmetry

(1)

Hidden symmetry

(1)

The Fourier Series

(4)

Trigonometric form

(2)

Exponential form

(2)

Summary of waveform symmetry in a Fourier Series

(1)

The Fourier Transform

(6)

Fundamental equation

(1)

Discrete Fourier transform

(4)

East Fourier transform

(1)

Convolutions

(2)

Time convolutions

(1)

Frequency convolution

(2)

The Hartley Transform

(6)

From Fourier to Hartley series

(1)

Properties of the cas (.) function

(1)

The Hartley transform

(1)

Properties of the Hartley transform

(1)

Discrete Hartley transform

(2)

Fast Hartley transform

(2)

Summary

(1)

Bibliography

(1)

Electric Circuit Analysis Under Non-sinusoidal Conditions

(40)

Introduction

(1)

Key Periodic Electrical Relations

(12)

Non-sinusoidal functions

(5)

Sinusoidal functions

(3)

Symmetry and power definitions

(2)

Phasor Analysis

(2)

Symmetrical Components

(3)

Three-phase sinusoidal systems

(1)

Three-phase non-sinusoidal systems

(2)

Linear Circuit Analysis

(11)

Harmonic propagation studies in large networks

(9)

Passive Filters

(8)

Single-tuned first-order filters

(1)

High-pass second-order filters

(1)

Single-tuned first-order harmonic filter design

(6)

Summary

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

Harmonic Evaluation of Non-linear Functions

(24)

Introduction

(1)

Polynomial Evaluation by Hand Calculations

(3)

Convolutions in the Complex Fourier Harmonic Domain

(10)

Polynomial evaluation

(5)

Rational polynomial evaluation

(3)

Switching function evaluation

(2)

Numeric Evaluation of Non-linear Functions

(1)

Analytical Approximation of Saturation

(8)

Piecewise linear approximation

(1)

Rational fraction approximation

(1)

Hyperbolic approximation

(1)

Cubic splines interpolation

(2)

Simple polynomial approximation

(3)

Summary

(1)

Bibliography

(2)

Linearisation in Harmonic Domain

(26)

Introdoction

(1)

Linearisation of a Simple Non-linear Relation

(3)

Dynamic Relations

102

(6)

Norton and Thevenin Circuit equivalents

104

(3)

Linear relations in dynamic elements

107

(1)

Linear Relations

108

(7)

Multi-variable Relations

115

(4)

An Application to an Industrial Test Case

119

(4)

Summary

123

(1)

Bibliography

124

(1)

Real Fourier Harmonic Domain

125

(12)

Introduction

125

(1)

Direct Frequency Domain Evaluations

125

(4)

Linearisation in the Real Fourier Harmonic Domain

129

(2)

Dynamic Relations

131

(1)

Linear Elements

132

(4)

Summary

136

(1)

Bibliography

136

(1)

Hartley Harmonic Domain

137

(14)

Introduction

137

(1)

Direct Frequency Domain Evaluations

137

(4)

Liearisation in the Hartley Harmonic Domain

141

(2)

Dynamic Relations

143

(1)

Linear Elements

144

(4)

Computational Advantage

148

(1)

General Remarks about the Hartley Harmonic Domain

149

(1)

Summary

149

(1)

Bibliography

150

(1)

Interactive Solutions of Non-linear Power Plant Components

151

(22)

Introduction

151

(1)

Harmonic Domain Newton--Raphson Techniques

152

(4)

Point-by-point evaluation of the non-linear characteristic

155

(1)

The Non-linear Inductor in the Harmonic Domain

156

(3)

Harmonic Domain Convergence Characteristics

159

(10)

Full Newton--Raphson method

167

(1)

Single-valued Newton--Raphson method

168

(1)

Gauss--Seidel method

168

(1)

Quasi-Newton--Raphson method

169

(1)

Summary

169

(1)

Bibliography

170

(3)

II CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT

173

(100)

Synchronous Generator

175

(18)

Introduction

175

(1)

Synhronous Machine under Non-sinusoidal Conditions

175

(10)

Machine's harmonic admittance matrix in the dq0 axes

176

(3)

Machine's harmonic admittance matrix in the αβγ

179

(4)

Machine's harmonic admittance matrix in abc axes

183

(2)

Saturation in the Synchronous Machine

185

(5)

Experimental Results

190

(1)

Summary

190

(2)

Bibliography

192

(1)

Transmission Lines

193

(34)

Introduction

193

(1)

Evaluation of Lumped Parameters

194

(8)

Matrix of potential coefficients P

194

(1)

Impedance matrix AG--E

195

(2)

Skin effect impedance matrix ZSkin

197

(2)

Reduced equivalent matrices Zabc and Yabc

199

(2)

500 kV power transmission line configuration

201

(1)

Evaluation of Distributed Parameters

202

(4)

Harmonic Voltage Wave Propagation in Transmission Lines

206

(3)

Transmission Line Transpositions

209

(5)

VAR Compensation

214

(2)

Network nodal analysis

214

(2)

Single-Phase Transmission Line Equivalents

216

(7)

Summary

223

(1)

Bibliography

224

(3)

Magnetic Non-linearities

227

(28)

Introduction

227

(1)

Inrush Currents

228

(3)

Single-phase Transformer

231

(5)

Lattice equivalent circuit representation

232

(3)

Transformer parameters in per unit values

235

(1)

Three-phase Transformer Bank

236

(7)

Laminated Iron Cores

243

(10)

Modelling of Cores

243

(8)

Modelling of hysteresis

251

(1)

Calculation of iron losses

251

(1)

External system

252

(1)

Summary

253

(1)

Bibliography

253

(2)

Electric Arcs

255

(18)

Introduction

255

(1)

Electric Arc Furnaces: Overview

256

(2)

Electric Furnace Installations

258

(1)

Electric Arc Furnace Modelling

259

(2)

Static electric arc model

260

(1)

Harmonic Domain Equation of the Electric Arc

261

(5)

Dynamic Characteristic

262

(3)

Static characteristic

265

(1)

Electric Arc Lamps: Overview

266

(3)

Arc Discharge Lamps

269

(2)

Summary

271

(1)

Bibliography

272

(1)

III POWER ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT

273

(88)

Static VAR Compensator

275

(24)

Introduction

275

(2)

Single-Phase TCR Basic Operation

277

(10)

Voltage zero-crossing reference

279

(3)

Thyristor turn-on and turn-off

282

(4)

Single-phase TCR Modelling

286

(1)

Three-Phase TCR Modelling

287

(8)

Summary

295

(1)

Bibliography

296

(3)

Thyristor-controlled Series Compensator

299

(16)

Introduction

299

(3)

TCSC Operation

302

(4)

TCSC model

302

(4)

TCSC Impedance Response

306

(6)

SUmmary

312

(1)

Bibliography

312

(3)

Three-phase, Six-pulse Rectifier

315

(22)

Introduction

315

(3)

Rectifier Operation Using Switching Functions

318

(4)

Effect of the AC side inductance

319

(3)

Thyristor switching functions

322

(1)

Model in the Harmonic Domain

322

(7)

Harmonic in Electrical Power Networks

329

(5)

Harmonic in Electrical Power Networks

329

(1)

Harmonics produced by single-phase converters

329

(4)

Harmonic in distribution systems

333

(1)

Summary

334

(1)

Bibliography

335

(2)

Static Compensator with PWM Converters

337

(24)

Introduction

337

(1)

STATCOM Operation

338

(1)

STATCOM Based on PWM Converters

338

(1)

Analytical Model

339

(3)

PWM Converter Switching Functions

342

(6)

Selective harmonic elimination

342

(3)

Multi-module PWM technique

345

(3)

Implementation of the Thevenin Equivalent of the STATCOM

348

(5)

Analysis of the equivalent model

349

(4)

Active Filters

353

(5)

Basic principles of operation

353

(1)

Shunt active filter

353

(4)

Series active filter

357

(1)

Hybrid filter

357

(1)

Universal active filter

357

(1)

Summary

358

(1)

Bibliography

359

(2)

Index

361

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Power Systems Harmonics Computer Modelling and Analysis

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Author Biography

Table of Contents

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