Practical Horticulture

This practical, scientifically-based book presents material relevant to the way people encounter horticulture in everyday life (landscapes, houseplants, vegetable gardens), while introducing important aspects of horticultural science and commercial practices. Sustainable agriculture. Genetic engineering. Plant propagation. Greenhouse operation. B> Appropriate for anyone interested in an introduction to horticulture.

Preface

vii

Part I FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE

1

(78)

Introduction

3

(8)

The Divisions of Professional Horticulture

3

(1)

Recreational Horticulture

4

(7)

Climate and Plant Growth

11

(12)

Climate and Seasons

11

(1)

Elements of Climate

12

(4)

Factors Modifying Climate

16

(1)

Microclimates

17

(1)

Plant-Growing Zones of North America

18

(5)

Botanical Nomenclature, Anatomy, and Physiology

23

(18)

Plant Nomenclature and Classification

23

(4)

Plant Anatomy

27

(9)

Physiological Processes

36

(5)

Plant Growth and Development

41

(14)

Plant Life Cycles

41

(1)

Stages of Plant Maturation

42

(8)

Plant Hormones and Growth-Regulating Chemicals

50

(5)

Plant Propagation

55

(24)

Sexual and Vegetative Propagation

55

(3)

Growing Plants from Seed

58

(4)

Growing Plants from Spores

62

(1)

Vegetative Propagation

63

(13)

Genetic Engineering

76

(3)

Part II GROWING PLANTS OUTDOORS

79

(196)

Outdoor Soils and Fertility

81

(22)

Classification

81

(2)

Organic Matter in the Soil

83

(1)

Cation-Exchange Capacity

84

(1)

Air and Water in the Soil

84

(1)

Soil Layers

85

(2)

Erosion

87

(1)

Soil Organisms

87

(1)

Soil pH

88

(1)

Soil Improvement

88

(5)

Plant Nutrition

93

(3)

Fertilizers

96

(7)

Vegetable Gardening

103

(34)

Types of Vegetables

103

(2)

Climatic Factors

105

(2)

Planning a Vegetable Garden

107

(4)

Planting the Garden

111

(1)

Vegetable Garden Maintenance

112

(4)

Crop Rotation

116

(1)

Cover and Green Manure Crops

116

(1)

Culture of Common Garden Vegetables

117

(11)

Minor Vegetables

128

(9)

Growing Tree Fruits and Nuts

137

(16)

Site Selection

137

(1)

Incorporating Tree Crops in the Landscape

138

(1)

Tree Selection

139

(1)

Dwarf Fruit Trees

140

(1)

Planting Fruit and Nut Trees

140

(1)

Maintenance of Tree Crops

141

(4)

Failure to Bear

145

(1)

Individual Crops and Their Growing Requirements

146

(7)

Bush and Other Small Fruits

153

(16)

Planning the Small Fruit Garden

153

(1)

General Growing Requirements for Specific Small Fruits

154

(4)

Preparing and Planting the Area

158

(1)

Pruning and Training Small Fruits

159

(6)

General Maintenance of Perennial Small Fruits

165

(4)

Flower and Herb Gardening

169

(22)

Types of Garden Flowers

169

(2)

Planning the Flower Garden

171

(6)

Preparing and Planting the Bed

177

(1)

Flower Garden Maintenance

178

(2)

Specialty Gardens

180

(11)

Home Landscape Planning and Installation

191

(22)

The Professional Landscape

192

(1)

The Homeowner-Designed Landscape

192

(14)

Obtaining Landscape Plants

206

(1)

Planting the Landscape

207

(3)

Postplanting Care of the Landscape

210

(3)

Landscape Maintenance

213

(24)

Features of a Low-Maintenance Landscape

213

(1)

Tools for Garden Maintenance

213

(4)

Pruning Landscape Plants

217

(9)

Watering

226

(4)

Fertilizing Landscape Plants

230

(1)

Weed Control

231

(6)

Lawn Establishment and Care

237

(16)

Establishing a New Lawn

237

(8)

Lawn Renovation

245

(1)

Lawn Maintenance

245

(3)

Lawn Substitutes

248

(5)

Diagnosing and Treating Outdoor Plant Disorders

253

(22)

Identifying the Affected Plant

253

(1)

Determining the Cause of the Problem

253

(11)

Treating Plant Disorders

264

(3)

Organic Gardening

267

(3)

Integrated Pest Management

270

(1)

Applying Pesticides to Outdoor Plants

271

(4)

Part III GROWING PLANTS INDOORS

275

(148)

Introduction

277

(6)

Plants as Cleaners of Indoor Air Pollutants

277

(2)

The Indoor Environment

279

(4)

Indoor Plant Maintenance

283

(20)

Purchasing Indoor Plants

283

(1)

Acclimatization and Conditioning

284

(1)

Maintenance Activities

284

(8)

Plants with Special Requirements

292

(11)

Potting Media and Fertilizers

303

(18)

Indoor Plant Potting Media

303

(8)

Indoor Plant Fertilizers

311

(5)

Medium- and Fertilizer-Related Indoor Plant Problems

316

(5)

Light and Indoor Plant Growth

321

(20)

Effects of Light on Plant Growth and Development

321

(8)

Placement of Plants for Optimum Light

329

(1)

Maximizing Natural Light

330

(2)

The Makeup of Light

332

(1)

Artificial Lighting for Plant Growth

333

(4)

Light-Related Houseplant Disorders

337

(4)

Indoor Plant Watering and Humidity

341

(16)

Watering and Indoor Plant Growth

341

(10)

Humidity and Indoor Plant Growth

351

(6)

Controlling Houseplant Pests and Diseases

357

(16)

Houseplant Insects and Related Pests

357

(6)

Organisms Causing Diseases of Indoor Plants

363

(1)

Specific Diseases of Houseplants

364

(1)

Pest and Disease Prevention

365

(2)

Pest and Disease Control Methods

367

(2)

Safety Precautions for Using Pesticides

369

(4)

Decorating with Growing Plants and Fresh Flowers

373

(24)

A Historical Perspective

373

(1)

Functional Uses of Plants

374

(3)

Elements of Design

377

(2)

The Design Process

379

(6)

Arranging Flowers

385

(12)

Greenhouses and Related Climate-Controlling Structures

397

(26)

Outdoor Plant-Growing Structures

397

(21)

Indoor Plant Growth Units

418

(5)

Appendix of Plant Societies

423

(2)

Glossary

425

(14)

Index

439

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Practical Horticulture

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials