A Practical Review of German Grammar

, by Dippmann, Gerda; Watzinger-Tharp, Johanna

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ISBN: 9780139381430 | 0139381430
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/9/1999

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Based on an empirical approach, this popular German grammar review is arranged as a flexible classroom book or reference grammar. Concepts are explained in step-by-step fashion. The book is designed to enhance comprehension. Exercises now include more contextualized practice of grammer points and are more consistent in length. It also includes an Appendix which covers information on German spelling reforms. Features exercises that are in natural German, frequently in conversational form. Providesquick-reference footnotes for words presumed to be unknown. For anyone interested in the German language.

Preface

Preliminary Remarks About German Word Order

(12)

Word Order in Statements

(4)

Subject --- Inflected Verb

(1)

Inverted Word Order: Element X---Inflected Verb---Subject

(2)

Dependent Word Order: Inflected Verb Stands Last

(2)

Word Order in Questions

(4)

Direct Questions

(1)

Indirect Questions

(2)

Summary

(1)

The Position of nicht

(3)

Normally Accented Negation

(1)

Strong Negation of a Particular Element

(1)

Using oder and oder nicht

(1)

Themen und Vokabular

(1)

Verbs in the Present Tense; The Imperative

(25)

Verbs in the Present Tense

(11)

Basic Forms of the Present Tense

(3)

Verbs with Stems Ending in -d, -t, or Consonant Clusters

(1)

Verbs with Stems Ending in -s, -ss, -β, -tz, or -z

(1)

Verbs with Stem Vowel Changes

(1)

Irregular Conjugation of haben, sein, werden, and wissen

(2)

Uses of the Present Tense

(3)

Verbs with Prefixes

(7)

Verbs with Inseparable Prefixes

(1)

Verbs with Separable Prefixes

(1)

Use of Verbs with Separable Prefixes in Main Clauses

(1)

Verbs with Separable Prefixes in Dependent Clauses

(1)

The Use of her and hin as Separable Prefixes

(2)

Prefixes That Are Used Separably and Inseparably

(1)

The Imperative

(6)

Basic Pattern of the Imperative

(1)

The German Equivalent of the English Let's...

(1)

Variations and Irregularities in Imperative Forms

(2)

Using Infinitives

(1)

Themen und Vokabular

(1)

Verbs in the Past and Future Tenses

(27)

Introduction

(1)

The Simple Past and Present Perfect of Weak Verbs

(7)

The Simple Past Tense

(1)

The Present Perfect Tense

(5)

Patterns for Word Order in the Present Perfect Tense

(1)

The Simple Past and Present Perfect of Strong Verbs

(5)

The Principal Parts of Strong Verbs

(3)

Verbs Requiring the Auxiliary sein

(1)

The Simple Past Tense of Strong Verbs

(1)

The Present Perfect Tense of Strong Verbs

(2)

The Simple Past and Present Perfect of Irregular Verbs

(4)

Mixed Verbs

(1)

Irregular Forms of haben, sein, and werden

(3)

The Past Perfect, Future, and Future Perfect of Weak, Strong, and Irregular Verbs

(9)

The Past Perfect Tense

(1)

The Future Tense

(4)

The Future Perfect Tense

(1)

Reference Chart: Synopsis of the Tenses

(1)

The Position of Separable Prefixes

(2)

Themen und Vokabular

(1)

Modal Auxiliaries

(18)

Introduction

(2)

Modals in the Simple Tenses

(6)

The Present Tense

(5)

The Simple Past Tense

(1)

The Modals in Compound Tenses

(5)

The Present Perfect Tense

(1)

The Past Perfect Tense

(1)

The Future Tense

(1)

The Future Perfect Tense

(1)

Dependent Word Order in Compound Tenses

(1)

Reference Chart: Synopsis of the Tenses of Modals and Their Basic Meanings

(1)

Summary of Word Order in Dependent Clauses

(1)

Additional Meanings and Uses of Modal Auxiliaries

(4)

Nicht durfen

(1)

Konnen

(1)

Sollen

(1)

Wollte gerade or wollte eben

(1)

Mogen

(1)

The Use of nicht brauchen zu instead of nicht mussen

(3)

Themen und Vokabular

(1)

The Nouns

(17)

Gender and Plural

(7)

Gender

(3)

The Plural

(1)

Monosyllabics (nouns of one syllable)

(1)

Polysyllabics (nouns of more than one syllable)

(2)

The Cases

(9)

General Pattern for Declining German Nouns

(1)

The Main Uses of the Cases

(5)

Special Declensions of Nouns

(2)

For Reference: The Declension of Nouns

(1)

Themen und Vokabular

(1)

der-Words and ein-Words; Personal Pronouns

100

(18)

der-Words

100

(3)

Forms

100

(1)

The Use of dieser and jener

101

(1)

The Definite Article Meaning this/these or that/those

102

(1)

The German Equivalents of this/that is and these/those are

102

(1)

ein-Words

103

(5)

Ein - kein

103

(3)

The Possessives

106

(2)

Uses of the Articles

108

(3)

Uses of the Definite Article

108

(1)

Uses of the Indefinite Article

109

(2)

Personal Pronouns

111

(6)

The Cases of Personal Pronouns and Their Uses

111

(3)

Position of Personal Pronoun Objects

114

(3)

Themen und Vokabular

117

(1)

Prepositions; da-/wo-Compounds; Interrogatives

118

(28)

Prepositions

118

(18)

Prepositions That Govern the Dative Case

118

(5)

Prepositions That Govern the Accusative Case

123

(3)

Prepositions That Govern both the Dative and the Accusative

126

(5)

Prepositions That Govern the Genitive Case

131

(2)

Summary of Common Prepositions and Their Basic Meanings

133

(1)

The German Counterparts of to with Verbs of Motion

134

(2)

Verbs and Adjectives Used with Prepositions

136

(3)

Verbs Used with Prepositions

136

(1)

Adjectives Used with Prepositions

137

(2)

Da-Compounds

139

(6)

da- as Pronoun Substitute

139

(1)

Prepositions That Do Not Form da-Compounds

140

(1)

Anticipatory da-Compounds

140

(1)

The Position of Prepositional Phrases and da-Compounds

141

(1)

The Interrogative Pronouns wer and was

141

(4)

Themen und Vokabular

145

(1)

Adjectives

146

(18)

Introduction

146

(1)

The Declension of Adjectives

146

(9)

Unpreceded Adjectives

146

(2)

Adjectives Preceded by der-Words

148

(2)

Adjectives Preceded by ein-Words

150

(2)

Slightly Irregular Forms of Adjectives

152

(1)

Adjectives Derived from City Names

152

(1)

Several Adjectives Modifying the Same Noun

152

(1)

alle Followed by a der-Word or ein-Word

152

(1)

Summary of the Main Features of Adjective Endings

153

(2)

Additional Uses of Adjectives

155

(8)

Adjectives Preceded by Uninflected Elements

155

(1)

Adjectives Preceded by andere, einige, mehrere, viele, wenige

156

(1)

Forms and Use of derselbe (the same)

157

(1)

Adjectival Nouns

158

(2)

Participles Used as Adjectives and Nouns

160

(2)

Summary of Additional Uses of Adjectives

162

(1)

Themen und Vokabular

163

(1)

Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

164

(13)

Forms of Comparison

164

(1)

Basic Pattern

164

(1)

Variations and Irregularities

165

(1)

Using the Forms of Comparison

165

(5)

Comparison of Predicate Adjectives and Adverbs

165

(3)

Comparison of Attributive Adjectives

168

(2)

Additional Features of Comparatives and Superlatives

170

(6)

Two Ways of Expressing the Superlative of Predicate Adjectives

170

(1)

The Comparatives and Superlatives of the Adverbs bald, oft, and gern

171

(1)

The Use of immer + Comparative

172

(1)

The Use of je ... desto or je ... um so

173

(1)

Absolute Comparatives and Superlatives

174

(1)

Comparatives and Superlatives Used as Nouns

175

(1)

Themen und Vokabular

176

(1)

Numerals; Time Expressions

177

(22)

Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers

177

(6)

Cardinal Numbers and Their Uses

177

(3)

Ordinal Numbers and Their Uses

180

(3)

Time Expressions

183

(9)

Time Expressions Referring to Seasons, Months, Days of the Week, and Parts of the Day

184

(2)

Additional Time Expressions

186

(6)

Clock Time

192

(6)

Using the Twelve-Hour System

192

(3)

Using the Twenty-Four-Hour System

195

(1)

Common Expressions Used When Telling Time

196

(2)

Themen und Vokabular

198

(1)

Conjunctions; Infinitive Phrases

199

(16)

Conjunctions

199

(9)

Coordinating Conjunctions

199

(1)

The German Equivalents of but

200

(1)

Subordinating Conjunctions

201

(1)

The German Equivalents of when, if, and since

202

(3)

Additional Uses of Subordinating Conjunctions

205

(3)

Infinitive Phrases

208

(6)

Basic Structure

208

(1)

Infinitive Phrases Introduced with um, ohne, anstatt, or statt

209

(1)

The Infinitive Phrase Preceding the Main Clause

210

(1)

English Infinitive Constructions Expressed in German by Dependent Clauses

211

(3)

Themen und Vokabular

214

(1)

The Subjunctive Part I

215

(21)

Introduction

215

(1)

Contrary to Fact Conditions Referring to the Present or Future

215

(11)

Contrary to Fact Conditions in English

215

(2)

Contrary to Fact Conditions in German

217

(1)

Contrary to Fact Conditions with Questions

217

(1)

Forms of the Present Subjunctive

217

(5)

The Subjunctive with wurde + Infinitive

222

(1)

Use of wurde + Infinitive in the wenn-Clause

223

(1)

Omission of wenn

224

(1)

Reversal of the wenn-Clause and Conclusion

224

(1)

Conclusions Standing Alone

224

(1)

wenn-Clauses Standing Alone

225

(1)

Wishes Introduced by ich wollte or ich wunschte

226

(1)

Contrary to Fact Conditions Referring to the Past

226

(9)

In English

226

(1)

In German

227

(1)

Main Clauses in the Past Subjunctive

227

(2)

wenn-Clauses in the Past Subjunctive

229

(1)

Wishes in the Past Introduced by ich wollte or ich wunschte

230

(1)

wenn-Clause + Conclusion in the Past Subjunctive

230

(1)

wenn-Clause and Conclusion in Different Tenses

231

(1)

Summary of the Main Features

232

(1)

Reference Table

233

(2)

Themen und Vokabular

235

(1)

The Subjunctive Part II

236

(21)

Various Uses of the Subjunctive

236

(5)

As if-Clauses Introduced by als ob, als wenn, or als

236

(3)

beinah(e) or fast Indicating That Something Almost Occurred

239

(1)

Tentative and Polite Statements and Questions

240

(1)

Using the Indicative and Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse

241

(15)

Informal German Using the Indicative

242

(2)

Informal German Using the Subjunctive

244

(4)

Indirect Discourse in Formal German

248

(6)

Final Remarks on the Use of the Indicative and Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse

254

(1)

Other Uses of the Special Subjunctive

254

(2)

Themen und Vokabular

256

(1)

der-Words and ein-Words as Pronouns; Indefinite Pronouns; Relative Clauses

257

(28)

der-Words and ein-Words Used as Pronouns

257

(8)

der-Words Used as Pronouns

257

(1)

der, das, die Used as Demonstrative Pronouns

257

(4)

ein-Words Used as Pronouns

261

(4)

Indefinite Pronouns

265

(6)

Uses of man, jemand, and niemand

265

(2)

Uses of irgend

267

(2)

Uses of es

269

(2)

Relative Clauses

271

(7)

In English

271

(2)

Relative Pronouns and Relative Clauses in German

273

(1)

Declension of the Relative Pronoun

273

(4)

Relative Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions

277

(1)

Other Forms of Relatives

278

(6)

welcher, welches, welche

278

(1)

278

(1)

was

279

(1)

wo-Compound Instead of Preposition + was

280

(1)

The Relative Pronouns wer and was with No Antecedent

281

(2)

Summary of the Main Features of Relative Clauses

283

(1)

Themen und Vokabular

284

(1)

Reflexives; Reciprocal Pronouns; Uses of selbst/selber

285

(14)

Reflexive Pronouns and Reflexive Verbs

285

(9)

The Reflexive Pronoun in the Accusative Case

286

(4)

The Reflexive Pronoun in the Dative Case

290

(1)

The Imperative of Reflexive Verbs

291

(2)

The Reflexive Pronoun as the Object of a Preposition

293

(1)

Reciprocal Pronouns and Uses of selbst/selber

294

(4)

Reciprocal Pronouns

294

(1)

Uses of selbst/selber

295

(1)

Summary of the Main Features

295

(3)

Themen und Vokabular

298

(1)

The Passive Voice

299

(23)

Basic Differences between the Active and the Passive Voices

299

(3)

In English

299

(2)

In German

301

(1)

The Tenses in the Passive Voice

302

(8)

The Present Tense

302

(2)

The Past, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future, and Future Perfect

304

(4)

Dependent Word Order

308

(2)

Additional Features of Passive Sentences

310

(8)

The Agent Preceded by von, durch, or mit

310

(1)

Introductory es in Passive Sentences

310

(1)

Dative Objects in Passive Sentences

311

(2)

Passives That Lack both Subject and Object

313

(1)

Modal Auxiliaries in Passive Sentences

314

(3)

The Statal Passive

317

(1)

Alternatives to the Passive Voice

318

(3)

The Use of man

318

(1)

The Use of sein + zu + Infinitive

318

(1)

The Use of Reflexive Verbs

319

(2)

Themen und Vokabular

321

(1)

Word Order Variations

322

(12)

The Position of Objects

322

(2)

The Sequence of Direct and Indirect Objects

322

(1)

The Position of Prepositional Objects and da-Compounds

323

(1)

The Position of Adverbial Modifiers and Complements

324

(5)

The Position of Adverbial Modifiers

324

(2)

The Position of Verb Complements

326

(3)

Variations in the Sequence of Elements

329

(5)

Shifting Elements Further to the End of a Sentence

329

(2)

Placing Elements after the Final Verb Forms

331

(3)

Additional Features of German Grammar

334

The German Equivalent of another

334

The German Equivalent of another: ein ander-or noch ein

334

German Equivalent of to like

335

To Like Doing Something

335

To Like Something or Someone

336

The Position of gern

337

Uses of hangen, legen, stellen, setzen, and liegen, stehen, sitzen

338

Hangen Used Transitively and Intransitively

338

The Use of the Transitive Verbs legen, stellen, and setzen

340

The Uses of the Intransitive Verbs liegen, stehen, and sitzen

341

Double Infinitive Constructions with sehen, lassen, horen, and helfen

343

Formation

343

German Equivalents of Two Special Meanings of would

346

Would Expressing Past Habitual Occurrences

346

Would Having the Meaning of was/were willing to

346

The Subjective Use of Modal Auxiliaries

347

Comparing the Uses of mussen

347

Appositives

351

Appositive: An Explanatory Noun Phrase Which Immediately Follows the Noun or Pronoun It Modifies

351

Extended Adjective Constructions

352

Adjectives Preceding Nouns Extended by Additional Modifiers

352

The Passive in the Subjunctive Mood

355

Subjunctives in Indirect Discourse

355

Subjunctives and Contrary to Fact Conditions and Conclusions

357

APPENDIX

A-1

1 The German Spelling Reform

A-1

2 Principal Parts of Strong and Irregular Verbs

A-3

3 Adjectives That Add an Umlaut in the Comparative and Superlative

A-8

4 Flavoring Particles

A-9

5 Common German Measurements and Their English Equivalents

A-12

6 Punctuation

A-15

7 Writing Letters and Addresses

A-16

8 The German Alphabet

A-18

German-English Vocabulary

A-21

Glossary of Grammatical Terms Used in This Book

A-27

Index

A-32

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A Practical Review of German Grammar

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials